MATING PATTERN AND FITNESS-COMPONENT ANALYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INVERSION POLYMORPHISM IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA BUZZATII

Direct studies of mating success or mating pattern associated with Mendelian factors rarely have been carried out in nature. From the samples taken for the standard analyses of selection components, it is not usually possible to obtain the mating table, and only directional selection for male mating success can be detected. Both processes, mating pattern and differential mating probability, together with other fitness components, have been investigated for the inversion polymorphism of a natural population of the cactophilic species Drosophila buzzatii. Two independent samples of adult flies were collected: nonmating or single individuals (base population) and mating pairs (mating population). All individuals were karyotyped for the second and fourth chromosomes. A sequence of models with increasing simplicity was fitted to the data to test null hypotheses of no selection and random union of gametes and karyotypes. The main results were (1) no deviations from random mating were found; (2) differential mating probability was nonsignificant in both sexes; (3) inversion and karyotypic frequencies did not differ between sexes; and (4) karyotypic frequencies did not depart from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. These results are discussed in light of complementary evidence showing the need for interpreting with caution no-effect hypotheses such as the ones tested here. The use of complementary selective tests in these studies is suggested.     

MATING PROPENSITY AND COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR IN SERIALLY BOTTLENECKED LINES OF THE HOUSEFLY

The efficacy of bottlenecks to stimulate divergence in courtship behavior and consequent premating isolation was tested by serial founder-flush episodes of three sizes (one, four, or 16 pairs) on a population of houseflies established in the laboratory from a single field population. After the fifth founder-flush episode, intraline and interline crosses were performed to detect divergence in mating propensities and patterns of assortative mating. Videotapings of intraline courtships for the bottleneck lines and the control were evaluated for changes in courtship repertoire. All bottleneck lines showed significant divergence from the control in male and/or female mating propensity and in courtship behavior. Divergence from the control was bidirectional for both male and female mating propensities as well as for courtship element utilization. Out of 15 tests for assortative mating between bottleneck lines and between bottleneck lines and the control, only two cases of positive assortative mating and one case of negative assortative mating were detected. Because some bottleneck lines showed increased courtship element utilization and because decreased courtship utilization in some bottleneck lines was related to higher male mating success, the mechanisms behind the Kaneshiro model (which is based upon ancestral females discriminating against bottleneck males that had “lost” courtship elements) were not supported in general. A partitioning effect of the bottlenecks upon the intrinsic variation in the ancestral population for courtship pattern appeared to explain a large component of the directions of divergence from the control. Still, the pattern of divergence of some bottleneck lines apparently was not constrained by the intercorrelation structure of courtship behaviors detected in the control. Because previous studies showed that the bottleneck lines had rebounded from inbreeding depression to fitness levels of the control, this study documents nondebilitating differentiation in the courtship repertoire that can account for divergent mating propensities and premating isolation.     

水稻核糖核蛋白基因片段的结构分析与鉴定

利用两个源自于核糖核蛋白（ＲＮＰ）一致顺序Ⅰ和一致顺序Ⅱ氨基酸顺序的寡核苷酸片段作ＰＣＲ引物,从水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）“广陆矮４号”黄化苗ｃＤＮＡ 中扩增到了一个３００ ｂｐ长的基因片段．顺序分析显示这个基因片段具有典型的ＲＮＰ蛋白特征,即两个含ＲＮＰ一致顺序的ＲＮＡ 结合区域