柚花头香化学成分的研究(一)

本文首次报道柚花的香气成分。作者利用憎水性树脂XAD-4吸附柚鲜花的头香,并以毛细管气相色谱和毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用方法研究头香的化学组分,分离鉴定了17个已知化学成分。它们是芳樟醇、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、橙花叔醇等。     

栀子花氨基酸成分的分析测定

目的:研究栀子花中氨基酸成分的种类及含量,为栀子花的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:将栀子花粉末用盐酸恒温水解处理,水解液用氨基酸自动分析仪测定.结果:栀子花含有17种氨基酸,其中7种人体必需氨基酸的质量分数达26.7mg·g-1,占总量的36.6％.结论:栀子花中氨基酸质量分数达7.3％,是一种很有开发价值的药食两用植物...     

微波—吸附法提取朱砂玉兰鲜花香气成分

朱砂玉兰(Magnolia soulangeana)鲜花经微波处理,用XAD-4吸附提取头香物质。该方法不仅可以较快速地得到挥发性成分,而且提取的精油能保持原鲜花的香气香味。本文还讨论了用微波处理与不处理朱砂玉兰鲜花样品以及用水蒸汽蒸馏3种方法得到的精油在收率及化学成分上的差异及变化。     

黄花蒿花序精油化学成分初步分析

黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)系菊科蒿属植物,为常用中草药.黄花蒿花序精油具有独特香气,青香中略带花香,头香有甜、凉气息。为充分利用国内这一丰富野生植物资源,我们对其精油成分进行了 GC/MS/DS 分析和主成分的层析分离、鉴定。实验结果如下。实验部分1.精油的制取将采集于长春地区的新鲜黄花蒿花序进行水蒸汽蒸馏,接收采用二次冷凝系统。所     

竹叶精油和头香的OGC—MS—DS研究

本文以阔叶箬竹,毛金竹和四季竹为代表,用SDE法和大孔树脂顶空吸附法联合收集芳香成分,用毛细管气相色谱／质谱／计算机用（CGC／MS／DS）技术,对竹叶的精油和头香进行剖析,共检出144种挥发性化合物,其中22种为三种竹叶所共有,芳香成分以醛,醇,呋喃,酮类为主,C5－C8中等链长的含氧化合物占主导地位,是竹叶清香的物质基础,其中C6化合物起了关键作用,重要的C6尬发有（E）－2－乙烯醛,（Z）－3－乙烯醇,2－乙基－呋喃,己醛和己烯等。     

人参和三七皂甙提取分离的一个简易生产工艺

人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)和三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)均富含具有生理活性的多种皂甙成分。由于皂甙的提取和分离技术繁复不适于大量制备,我们研究采用吸附树脂层析法进行皂甙的提取和分离。实验表明,这一简易、快速而经济的新工艺流程用于皂甙的提取和精制克服了一般经典方法(如正丁醇萃取法、沉淀法等)需要化学试剂种类多、耗量大、成本高、操作复杂等缺点,且皂甙得率高、质量稳定。吸附树脂层析法也可用于人参和三七皂甙的分组分离和主要皂甙单体的制备。我们将这一方法用于其他植物甙类成分的提取和分离也取得了一定的成功。兹简介如下:     

墨红鲜花香气(头香)成分分析

利用 XAD-4憎水性吸附树脂采集墨红头香,以毛细管气相色谱双柱保留指数和 GC/MS/DS 联用方法鉴定头香的化学成份。共分离鉴定或初步鉴定了45种组份,其中含量较大的有乙酸芳樟酯(14.98%),柠檬烯(12.07%),甲基苯甲醚(9.88%),香茅醇(4.82%),乙酸巳酯(3.98%),β-石竹烯(4.55%),芳樟醇(3.18%),正巳醇(3.17%)等.     

元江干热河谷林地内外潜在蒸散发量的变化及其驱动因素

蒸散发对把握气候变化、理解区域生态保护具有重要意义.本文利用主成分分析及皮尔逊双侧相关检验的方法研究元江干热河谷林地内外潜在蒸散发量(PET)的变化及其驱动因素,并根据分析结果对林地内外蒸散发的发生过程进行解读.通过对2015-2018年日PET的研究发现:林内PET比林外低0.86 mm.d-1;林地内外PET呈周期...     

家蝇蛆抗菌肽提取工艺研究

蝇蛆抗菌肽多有广谱抗菌、抗癌等功能,是很好的天然抗菌药物来源,但由于得率较低,目 前对其产品开发的研究较少。以家蝇Musca domestica干蝇蛆为原料,利用加热-层析法和海藻酸吸附法2种工艺提取蝇蛆抗菌肽。结果表明：加热-层析法快速、简便,抗菌肽提取得率达0.26％,是海藻酸吸附法提取抗菌肽得率的5.2倍。提取的家蝇抗菌肽主要是分子量6.2～17.2 kD、等电点5.59～5.91的弱酸性小分子多肽,其热稳定性高,能杀灭枯草杆菌Bacillus subtilis等多种革兰氏阳性菌。加热-层析法能有效去除外源性蛋白酶,保证肽类产品的稳定性,同时还能提取出非蛋白类的抗菌成分,提示其对开发具有高附加值的抗菌产品将会有良好的应用前景。     

根霉转化薏苡仁对其成分及抗癌活性的影响

本文以薏苡仁为材料,用一株筛选得到的根霉菌对其进行转化,转化后的薏苡仁丙酮提取物、甲醇提取物以及不同浓度乙醇的沉淀物得率明显高于未转化的薏苡仁;甲醇提取物得率增加329.60%,丙酮提取物得率增加66.7%;分离到一个转化后形成的化合物1-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖.MTT法活性测定表明:通过转化能增加薏苡仁丙酮提物对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用,并确定转化薏苡仁的活性成分仍为脂肪酸类物质;利用微生物处理中药,可以增加或改变中药的活性成分,从而达到增加或改变中药药效的目的.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.