Kosmotoga pacifica sp. nov., a thermophilic chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium isolated from an East Pacific hydrothermal sediment

A novel strictly anaerobic thermophilic heterotrophic bacterium, strain SLHLJ1^T, was isolated from a Pacific hydrothermal sediment. Cells were Gram-negative coccobacilli (approximately 1.0 × 0.6 μm) with a toga. It grew at temperatures between 33 and 78 °C (optimum 70 °C). Elemental sulphur and l-cystine stimulated its growth. It contained C_16:0, C_16:1 ω11c, C_18:0 and C_18:1 ω9c as major fatty acids (>5 %), 3 phospholipids and 2 glycolipids as polar lipids. Its DNA G+C content was 43.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain SLHLJ1^T within the family Thermotogaceae. The novel isolate was most closely related to Kosmotoga arenicorallina (97.93 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), K. olearia (92.43 %) and K. shengliensis (92.17 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons with its closest relatives, we propose its assignment to a novel species of the genus Kosmotoga. The name Kosmotoga pacifica sp. nov. is proposed with strain SLHLJ1^T (=DSM 26965^T = JCM 19180^T = UBOCC 3254^T) as the type species.     

Streptosporangium shengliensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a lake sediment

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-GH7^T, was isolated from a lake sediment and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain NEAU-GH7^T was Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and produced spherical sporangia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain NEAU-GH7^T formed a monophyletic clade with the closest relative Streptosporangium longisporum DSM 43180^T (99.0 %), an association that was supported by a bootstrap value of 74 % in the neighbour-joining tree and also recovered with the maximum-likelihood algorithm. However, the low level of DNA–DNA relatedness allowed the strain to be differentiated from its closest relative. Moreover, strain NEAU-GH7^T could also be differentiated from S. longisporum DSM 43180^T and other Streptosporangium species showing high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.0 %) by morphological and physiological characteristics. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics, strain NEAU-GH7^T should be classified as a new species of the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium shengliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-GH7^T (=CGMCC 4.7105^T=DSM 45881^T).     

Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov., Isolated from an Oil-Polluted Saline Soil

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, short-rod-shaped bacterial isolates, designated 110399^T and 110248, were isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China. The two strains shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the DNA–DNA relatedness value being 80.0 %. They were both capable to grow at 20–40 °C, pH 7–9, and 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl with the optimum growth happened at 30 °C, pH 8, and 2–6 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two strains were members of Nitratireductor and most closely related to Nitratireductor pacificus pht-3B^T and N. basaltis J3^T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 97.1 and 97.0 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness between the novel strains and two type strains were below 27 ± 7 %. The strains 110399^T and 110248 also differed from N. pacificus and N. basaltis in nitrate reduction, salt tolerance, enzyme activities, and utilization of carbon sources. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 110399^T were C_19:0ω8c cyclo (10.5 %) and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c, 41.5 %) which are typical in the genus Nitratireductor. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10. The genome DNA G+C content of strain 110399^T and 110248 was 61.1 and 61.7 mol%. On the basis of genetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains 110399^T and 110248 represent a novel species within the genus Nitratireductor, for which the name Nitratireductor shengliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 110399^T (=CGMCC 1.12519^T = LMG 27405^T).     

Nonhongiella spirulinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a cultivation pond of Spirulina platensis in Sanya, China

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile rod strain, designated Ma-20^T, was isolated from a pool of marine Spirulina platensis cultivation, Sanya, China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomy study. Strain Ma-20^T can grow in the presence of 0.5–11 % (w/v) NaCl, 10–43 °C and pH 6–10, and grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.5–9.0 in natural seawater medium. The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) and the major fatty acids were C_18:1ω6c/C_18:1ω7c (summed feature 8, 32.84 %), C_16:1ω6c/C_16:1ω7c (summed feature 3, 30.76 %), C_16:0 (13.54 %), C_12:03-OH (4.63 %), and C_12:0 (4.09 %). The DNA G+C content of strain Ma-20^T was 58 mol %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ma-20^T belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, it shared 88.46–91.55 and 89.21–91.26 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains in genus Hahella and Marinobacter, respectively. In addition to the large 16S rRNA gene sequence difference, Ma-20^T can also be distinguished from the reference type strains Hahella ganghwensis FR1050^T and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus sp. 17^T by several phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic properties. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain Ma-20^T is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus in Gammaproteobacteria, for which the name Nonhongiella spirulinensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ma-20^T (=KCTC 32221^T=LMG 27470^T).     

Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov., isolated from a water sample collected from mangrove forest in Coringa,Andhra Pradesh,India

A Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile, aerobic bacterium, designated as strain AK49^T was isolated from a water sample from a mangrove forest in Coringa village, Andhra Pradesh, India. Strain AK49^T was observed to form yellow coloured, smooth, circular, convex colonies on marine agar, with entire margins. Cells of strain AK49^T are 0.5–1.0 µm wide and 1.5–3.5 µm long. Growth was observed at 25–37 °C (optimum 30 °C), 2–6 % NaCl (optimum 2 %) and pH 6–8 (optimum 7). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain AK49^T is closely related to two species recently reclassified as members of the genus Aliiglaciecola: Aliiglaciecola lipolytica JCM 15139^T (sequence similarity 95.43 %) and Aliiglaciecola litoralis JCM 15896^T (sequence similarity 96.91 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain AK49^T were found to include C_16:0, C_18:1ω7c and summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c/C_15:0 iso-2-OH). The polar lipid content of cell membrane was found to include phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified lipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AK49^T was determined to be 41.9 mol%. Based on the taxonomic methods, including chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic approaches, strain AK49^T is described here as a novel species belonging to the genus Aliiglaciecola, for which the name Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aliiglaciecola coringensis sp. nov. is AK49^T (=MTCC 12003^T = JCM19197^T).     

Halomonas cibimaris sp. nov., isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood

Two moderately halophilic, facultatively aerobic, motile bacteria with flagella, designated strains 10-C-3^T and 30-C-3, were isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Cells of the strains were observed to be ovoid-rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions and production of creamy-pink pigments. Growth of strain 10-C-3^T was observed at 15–35 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 5.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5), and in the presence of 3–15 % (w/v) salts (optimum: 5–10 %). The two strains were found to contain C_18:1 ω7c, C_16:0, summed feature 3 (as defined by the MIDI system, comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), and C_12:0 3-OH as the major cellular fatty acids. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains 10-C-3^T and 30-C-3 were determined to be 63.2 and 63.1 mol%, respectively and the respiratory quinone detected was ubiquinone 9 (Q-9) only. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains 10-C-3^Tand 30-C-3 formed a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Halomonas and are most closely related to Halomonas fontilapidosi 5CR^T with 95.2 % of 16S rRNA sequence similarity. Strains 10-C-3^Tand 30-C-3 shared 99.2 % of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and their DNA–DNA relatedness value was 96.6 ± 0.9 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strains 10-C-3^Tand 30-C-3 represent a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas cibimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 10-C-3^T (= KACC 14932^T = JCM 16914^T).     

Parendozoicomonas haliclonae gen. nov. sp. nov. isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Haliclona and description of the family Endozoicomonadaceae fam. nov. comprising the genera Endozoicomonas,Parendozoicomonas, and Kistimonas

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped strains, S-B4-1U^T and JOB-63a, forming small whitish transparent colonies on marine agar, were isolated from a sponge of the genus Haliclona. The strains shared 99.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity and a DNA-DNA hybridization value of 100%, but were differentiated by genomic fingerprinting using rep-PCRs. 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny placed the strains as a sister branch to the monophyletic genus Endozoicomonas (Oceanospirillales; Gammaproteobacteria) with 92.3–94.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Endozoicomonas spp., 91.9 and 92.1% to Candidatus Endonucleobacter bathymodiolin, and 91.9 to 92.1% to the type strains of Kistimonas spp. Core genome based phylogeny of strain S-B4-1U^T confirmed the phylogenetic placement. Major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c) and 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/C_18:1 ω6c) followed by C_10:0 3-OH, C_16:0, and C_18:0. The G + C content was 50.1–51.4 mol%. The peptidoglycan diamino acid of strain S-B4-1U^T was meso-diaminopimelic acid, the predominant polyamine spermidine, the major respiratory quinone ubiquinone Q-9; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine were major polar lipids. Based on the clear phylogenetic distinction, the genus Parendozoicomonas gen. nov. is proposed, with Parendozoicomonas haliclonae sp. nov. as type species and strain S-B4-1U^T (= CCM 8713^T = DSM 103671^T = LMG 29769^T) as type strain and JOB-63a as a second strain of the species. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny of the Oceanospirillales within the Gammaproteobacteria, the Endozoicomonaceae fam. nov. is proposed including the genera Endozoicomonas, Parendozoicomonas, and Kistimonas as well as the Candidatus genus Endonucleobacter.     

Acinetobacter refrigeratorensis sp. nov., Isolated from a Domestic Refrigerator

A Gram-negative bacterial strain, designated WB1^T, was isolated from a domestic refrigerator in Guangzhou, PR China. Cells of strain WB1^T were oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile coccobacilli with peritrichous fimbriae-like structures. The strain was able to grow at 10–40 °C with optimum growth at 28–30 °C, pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0–6 % NaCl (w/v, optimum, 0.5 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene sequences revealed that strain WB1^T belonged to the genus Acinetobacter and was most closely related to A. indicus DSM 25388^T (97.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and A. radioresistens NBRC 102413^T (96.8 %). The DNA G + C content of strain WB1^T was 46.74 ± 0.04 mol % and the major fatty acids comprised summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), C_18:1 ω9c, C_16:0 and C_12:0. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as Q-9 and the polar lipids as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified phospholipid. Phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, including low DNA–DNA relatedness with closely related type strains, supported that strain WB1^T represents a distinct novel species in the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter refrigeratorensis sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is WB1^T (=GIMCC 1.663^T = CCTCC AB 2014197^T = KCTC 42011^T).     

Roseivivax atlanticus sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain 22II-S10s^T, which was isolated from the surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean. The bacterium was found to be Gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive, rod shaped and motile by subpolar flagella. The isolate was capable of gelatine hydrolysis but unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite or degrade Tween 80 or aesculin. Growth was observed at salinities of 0.5–18 % (optimum, 2–12 %), at pH of 3–10 (optimum, 7) and at temperatures of 10–41 °C (optimum 28 °C). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22II-S10s^T belongs to the genus Roseivivax, with highest sequence similarity to Roseivivax halodurans JCM 10272^T (97.2 %), followed by Roseivivax isoporae LMG 25204^T (97.0 %); other species of genus Roseivivax shared 95.2–96.7 % sequence similarity. The DNA–DNA hybridization estimate values between strain 22II-S10s^T and the two type strains (R. halodurans JCM 10272^T and R. isoporae LMG 25204^T) were 22.00 and 21.40 %. The principal fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/ω6c) (67.4 %), C_18:0 (7.2 %), C_19:0 cyclo ω8c (7.1 %), C_18:1 ω7c 11-methyl (6.8 %) and C_16:0 (5.9 %). The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10 (100 %). Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an aminolipid, a glycolipid and three phospholipids were present. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was determined to be 67.5 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain 22II-S10s^T represents a novel species within the genus Roseivivax, for which the name Roseivivax atlanticus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 22II-S10s^T (= MCCC 1A09150^T = LMG 27156^T).     

Rubrimonas shengliensis sp. nov. and Polymorphum gilvum gen. nov., sp. nov., novel members of Alphaproteobacteria from crude oil contaminated saline soil

Four bacterial strains were isolated from a crude oil contaminated saline soil in Shengli Oilfield, China. Strains SL014B-28A2^T and SL014B-80A1 were most closely related to Rubrimonas cliftonensis OCh 317^T, while strains SL003B-26A1^T and SL003B-26A2 were most closely related to but readily different from the species in the Pannonibacter-Labrenzia-Roseibium-Stappia cluster. The major fatty acids were C_18:1ω7c, C_16:0, C_18:0 and 11-Methyl C_18:1ω7c, and C_18:1ω7c, 11-Methyl C_18:1ω7c and C_18:0, respectively, for these two groups of isolates. Q-10 was the predominant ubiquinone. The G + C contents of genomic DNA of the four isolates were 67.9, 69.7, 65.6 and 65.6 mol%. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic characteristics, strains SL014B-28A2^T and SL014B-80A1 represented a novel species of the genus Rubrimonas, for which the name Rubrimonas shengliensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain SL014B-28A2^T (=LMG 26072^T = CGMCC 1.9170^T) as the type strain. Isolates SL003B-26A1^T and SL003B-26A2 represented a novel genus and species of the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Polymorphum gilvum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with strain SL003B-26A1^T (=LMG 25793^T = CGMCC 1.9160^T) as the type strain.     

Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China

A Gram-stain negative aerobic bacterium, designated YIM 77924^T, was isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Growth was found to occur from 55 to 75 °C (optimum 65 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Cells were observed to be rod-shaped and the colonies convex, circular, smooth, yellow and non-transparent. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 77924^T belongs to the genus Thermus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain YIM 77924^T and other species of the genus Thermus were all below 97 %. The polar lipids of strain YIM 77924^T were determined to be aminophospholipid, phospholipid and glycolipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-8 and the G+C content was 66.64 mol%. The major fatty acids identified were iso-C_16:0, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and C_16:0. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as genotypic data, strain YIM 77924^T is proposed to represent a novel species, Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., in the genus Thermus. The type strain is YIM 77924^T (=KCTC 32025^T = CCTCC AB2012063^T).     

Salinicola peritrichatus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment

A Gram stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain DY22^T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected from the east Pacific Ocean. The isolate was found to grow in the presence of 0–20.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 4.5–8.5; optimum growth was observed with 0.5–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 5.0–7.0. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed the presence of ubiquinone-9 as predominant respiratory quinone and C_16:0, C_19:0 ω8c cyclo and C_12:0 3-OH as major cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 59.6 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the novel isolate belongs to the genus Salinicola. Strain DY22^T exhibited the closest phylogenetic affinity to the type strain of Salinicola salarius with 97.2 % sequence similarity and less than 97 % sequence similarity with respect to other Salinicola species with validly published names. The DNA–DNA reassociation values between strain DY22^T and S. salarius DSM 18044^T was 52 ± 4 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain DY22^T represents a novel species of the genus Salinicola, for which the name Salinicola peritrichatus sp. nov. (type strain DY22^T = CGMCC 1.12381^T = JCM 18795^T) is proposed.     

Ochrovirga pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Agar-Lytic Marine Bacterium of the Family Flavobacteriaceae Isolated From A Seaweed

A strain designated as S85^T was isolated from a seaweed collected from coastal area of Chuuk State in Micronesia. The strain was gram-negative, rod-shaped, and non-motile and formed yellow colonies on the SWY agar (0.2 % yeast extract and 1.5 % agar in seawater) and Marine agar 2216. The strain grew at pH 5–9 (optimum, pH 8), at 15–40 °C (optimum, 25–28 °C), and with 1–9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain S85^T was related to Lutibacter litoralis CL-TF09^T and Maritimimonas rapanae A31^T with 91.4 % and with 90.5 % similarity, respectively. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH and iso-C_17:0 3-OH, C_16:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 34.6 mol %. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown glycolipid and two unknown polar lipids. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic data, strain S85^T stands for a novel species of a new genus, and we propose the name Ochrovirga pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of O. pacifica is S85^T (=KCCM 90106 =JCM 18327^T).     

Aquamicrobium terrae sp. nov., isolated from the polluted soil near a chemical factory

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterial strain hun6^T isolated from the polluted soil near a chemical factory in northern Nanjing, China was investigated to clarify its taxonomic position. Growth of strain hun6^T occurred between 10 and 45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and between pH 6.0 and 8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). No growth occurred at NaCl concentrations greater than 5 % (w/v). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain hun6^T belongs to the genus Aquamicrobium. The sequence similarities of strain hun6^T to other type strains of Aquamicrobium genus were all below 98.5 %. The presence of ubiquinone-10, the predominant fatty acid summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c) and C_19:0 cyclo ω8c, a polar lipid pattern with phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phophatidylmonomethylethanoamine were in accord with the characteristics of the genus Aquamicrobium. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 63.5 mol%. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic properties allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain hun6^T from all known Aquamicrobium species. Therefore, strain hun6^T can be assigned to a new species of this genus for which the name Aquamicrobium terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is hun6^T (= CICC 10733^T = DSM 27865^T).     

Euryhalocaulis caribicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Members of the Family Hyphomonadaceae Isolated from the Caribbean Sea

A new aerobic, Gram-negative, chemo-organotrophic, euryhaline bacterium, designated strain JL2009^T, was isolated from surface water of the Caribbean Sea. The strain formed flaxen colonies on marine ager 2216 (MA; Difco) medium. Cells were dimorphic, with stalks or a polar flagellum, and reproduction occurred by means of binary fission. Growth occurred at 15–45 °C (optimum at 35 °C), 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1–10 %) and pH 5–9 (optimum at pH 7–8). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the family Hyphomonadaceae. Strain JL2009^T was most closely related to Maricaulis parjimensis MCS 25^T (92.2 % DNA sequence similarity), Woodsholea maritime CM2243^T (90.9 %), and Oceanicaulis alexandrii C116-18^T (90.9 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c), C_18:0 and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of phospholipid, phosphatidyl glycerol and glycolipids. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol%. On the basis of the chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics and the phylogenetic evidence, strain JL2009^T represents a novel genus and species in the family Hyphomonadaceae, for which the name Euryhalocaulis caribicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Euryhalocaulis caribicus is JL2009^T (=CGMCC 1.12036^T = JCM 18163^T).     

Oceanobacillus halophilum sp. nov. Isolated from a Mangrove Forest Soil

A halophilic, aerobic bacterium, designated GD01^T, was isolated from a mangrove forest soil near the South China Sea. Cells of strain GD01^T were Gram staining positive, oxidase positive, and catalase positive. The strain was rod shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal endospores. The strain was able to grow with NaCl at concentrations of 0.5–12 % (optimum 3–5 %, w/v), at temperatures of 20–50 °C (optimum 30 °C), and at pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GD01^T formed a cluster with O. profundus DSM 18246^T (96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), O. caeni KCTC 13061^T (95.4 %), and O. oncorhynchi JCM 12661^T (94.5 %). The G+C content of strain GD01^T was 38.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0 (13.7 %), anteiso-C_17:0 (12.6 %), iso-C_15:0 (9.9 %), iso-C_14:0 (9.5 %), and C_16:0 (5.0 %). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, four unknown lipids, and four unknown phospholipids. Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strain was identified to represent a distinct novel species in the genus Oceanobacillus, and the name proposed is Oceanobacillus halophilum sp. nov. with type train GD01^T (=CCTCC AB 2012863^T = KCTC 33101^T).     

Vulcaniibacterium tengchongense gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample, and reclassification of Lysobacter thermophilus Wei et al. 2012 as Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum comb. nov.

A thermotolerant Gram-staining negative and aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM 77520^T, was isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, South-West China. Cells of the strain were found to be rod-shaped and colonies were light beige and circular. The strain was found to grow in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 0 %), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 25–55 °C (optimum, 45 °C). The only quinone detected was Q-8 and the genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 66.9 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as iso-C_16:0 and iso-C_15:0. The phospholipids were found to consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five unknown phospholipids and three aminophospholipids. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM 77520^T was found to form a cluster with Lysobacter thermophilus YIM 77875^T and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to L. thermophilus YIM 77875^T (96.0 %). These two strains formed a distinct lineage of the family ‘Xanthomonadaceae’. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, a new genus, Vulcaniibacterium gen. nov. is proposed with Vulcaniibacterium tengchongense sp. nov. as the type species. The type strain of V. tengchongense sp. nov. is strain YIM 77520^T (=DSM 25623^T = CCTCC AB 2011152^T). Furthermore we propose that L. thermophilus Wei et al. 2012 is reclassified in the new genus as Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum comb. nov. (type strain YIM 77875^T = CCTCC AB 2012064^T = KCTC 32020^T) based on polyphasic data.     

Methylobacterium pseudosasae sp. nov., a pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium isolated from the bamboo phyllosphere

A pink-pigmented, Gram negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, strain BL44^T, was isolated from bamboo leaves and identified as a member of the genus Methylobacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed similarity values of 98.7–97.0 % with closely related type strains and showed highest similarity to Methylobacterium zatmanii DSM 5688^T (98.7 %) and Methylobacterium thiocyanatum DSM 11490^T (98.7 %). Methylotrophic metabolism in this strain was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the mxaF gene coding for the α-subunit of methanol dehydrogenase. Strain BL44^T produced three known quorum sensing signal molecules with similar retention time to C₈, C₁₀ and C₁₂-HSLs when characterized by GC–MS. The fatty acid profiles contained major amounts of C_18:1 ω7c, iso-3OH C_17:0 and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH), which supported the grouping of the isolate in the genus Methylobacterium. The DNA G+C content was 66.9 mol%. DNA relatedness of the strain BL44^T to its most closely related strains ranged from 12–43.3 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain BL44^T is assigned to a novel species of the genus Methylobacterium for which the name Methylobacterium pseudosasae sp. nov. is proposed (type strain BL44^T = NBRC 105205^T = ICMP 17622^T).     

Maricoccus atlantica gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from deep sea sediment of the Atlantic Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain 22II-S10r2^T, which was isolated from the deep sea sediment of the Atlantic Ocean using oil-degrading enrichment. The bacterium was Gram-negative, oxidase positive and catalase negative, spherical in shape, and motile by polar flagella. Growth was observed at salinities of 0.5–7 % and at temperatures of 10–41 °C. The isolate was capable of aesculin hydrolysis, but unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite or degrade Tween 80 or gelatine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22II-S10r2^T belonged to the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae, with highest sequence similarity to Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus HL-EbGR7^T (90.9 % similarity). The principal fatty acids were Sum In Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c/ω6c (29.9 %), C_18:1 ω9c (13.5 %), C_16:1 ω5c (12.3 %), C_12:03OH (6.8 %), C_18:1 ω5c (5.7 %) and C_16:0 (5.3 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 60.7 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-7 (25 %) and Q-8 (75 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid, glycolipid, three phospholipids and lipid were present. The strain was aerobic, non-phototrophic and non-chemolithoautotrophic. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain 22II-S10r2^T represents a novel species within a novel genus, for which the name Maricoccus atlantica gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 22II-S10r2^T (=CGMCC NO.1.12317^T = LMG 27155^T = MCCC 1A09384^T).     

Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov., isolated from the Western Pacific

A Gram-stain negative, ovoid-rod shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, strain Y2^T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the Western Pacific. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism indicated that it belongs to the genus Altererythrobacter. Strain Y2^T shares highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.6 % with Erythrobacter jejuensis CNU001^T, followed by the type strains of recognized members of the genus Altererythrobacter (94.8–96.5 %). Strain Y2^T forms a clade with E. jejuensis CNU001^T in the cluster of species of the genus Altererythrobacter. Growth of strain Y2^T was observed at 4–40 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2–3 %). The major cellular fatty acids were found to be C_17:1 ω6c (41.5 %), summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c; 17.2 %), C_17:1 ω8c (11.0 %) and C_15:0 2OH (8.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was determine to be ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The polar lipid analysis indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one sphingoglycolipid, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified aminolipids and three unknown lipids. The DNA G + C content of the type strain is 60.0 mol %. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic characterization, strain Y2^T represents a novel species, for which the name Altererythrobacter oceanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y2^T (=CGMCC 1.12752^T =LMG 28109^T).