p53、BCL-2、Caspase－3等凋亡相关蛋白在大鼠脑损伤中的表达及意义

目的：检测脑外伤大鼠中p53、bcl-2及caspase-3表达,并分析其与脑外伤之间的关系,为脑损伤患者预后提供部分参数依据。方法：建立脑外伤大鼠实验动物模型,用免疫组化方法检测p53、Bcl-2和Caspase-3的表达。结果：脑创伤后在创伤周围区的神经元会发生凋亡,凋亡的发生可能与p53、bcl-2、caspase-3等基因及蛋白的调节有关。结论：脑创伤后在创伤周围区的神经元会发生凋亡,凋亡的发生可能与p53、bcl-2、caspase-3等基因及蛋白的调节有关。     

瘦素对小鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤神经元凋亡的影响

目的：研究Leptin在脑缺血性损伤神经元凋亡中的作用及其机制。方法：将75只雄性昆明小鼠完全随机分成3组,即假手术组、缺血/再灌注模型组、Leptin干预组;通过大脑中动脉栓塞（MCAO）复制小鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,Leptin干预组在缺血0 min腹腔注射Leptin（1μg/g体重）,TUNEL染色检测神经元凋亡,RT-PCR检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2和caspase-3 mRNA表达,免疫组化凋亡相关基因bcl-2和caspase-3蛋白水平的表达。结果：模型组脑缺血中心区神经元以坏死为主,与假手术组相比,其半影区神经元凋亡数量显著增多、促凋亡基因cas-pase-3和抑凋亡基因bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,Leptin干预组半影区凋亡神经元数量显著减少、caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）,抑凋亡基因bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）。结论：Leptin能够通过上调抑凋亡基因bcl-2表达,下调促凋亡基因caspase-3表达抑制神经元凋亡,在脑缺血性损伤中发挥神经保护作用。     

反义p73基因诱导人肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡

目的：构建表达重组反义p73基因的重组逆转录病毒,观察其对人肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡诱导活性,并进一步探讨其作用机制。方法：克隆p73基因的反义片段,重组法构成逆转录病毒载体pBabe-p73（pBP73）,以脂质体Lipofectamine2000将其转染293A细胞进行病毒包装;将逆转录病毒感染人肝癌细胞HepG2,用MTT法检测细胞生长抑制情况,Western blotting检测p73的表达;再分别用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡;最后检测p53,caspase-3和bcl-2蛋白的表达变化。结果  重组质粒pBP73经鉴定连接正确,其转染293A细胞后上清液中可得到病毒,滴度达5×107pfu;MTT检测见pBP73病毒组48和72h细胞抑制率高于对照组（45.1% vs. 5.3%,69.5% vs.17.3%,均p<0.05）。琼脂糖凝胶电泳出现典型梯形条带;流式细胞仪检测出现凋亡峰,于转染48h后达最高峰,其凋亡百分率高达20.47%;p73蛋白高表达组p53和caspase-3蛋白的表达亦有显著升高（p<0.05）,但bcl-2蛋白未见表达差异。结论：成功构建了p73逆转录病毒,反义p73基因在体外能够有效地诱导人肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡,其可能机制是通过激活caspase-3而发生作用。     

p53、bax和bcl-2基因在SO 2染毒大鼠肝中的表达

为了进一步探讨SO₂的毒理学作用机制,运用荧光实时定量RT-PCR和免疫组化技术研究SO2吸入对大鼠肝细胞中p53、bax和bcl-2三种细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.结果显示,肝中p53和bax mRNA水平呈剂量依赖性增加,在SO ₂浓度为28.00和56.00 mg/m3时显著增加（p53 mRNA在28 mg/m ³为1.30倍,在56 mg/m^3为3.43倍;bax mRNA在28 mg/m3为1.63倍,在56 mg/m ³为2.17倍）;而bcl-2 mRNA水平显著降低（在28 mg/m3为0.63倍,在56 mg/m ³为0.45倍）.免疫组化实验结果表明,吸入SO ₂后,大鼠肝中p53和bax蛋白表达水平呈剂量依赖性增加,而bcl-2蛋白表达水平呈剂量依赖性降低.结果表明,SO2可以改变凋亡相关基因的表达,诱导大鼠肝组织细胞凋亡,这可能与一些凋亡相关疾病的发生有关.     

新生牛牛脑活性肽NBBP-1对人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响

目的:应用新生牛牛脑活性肽NBBP-1处理人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞,观察NBBP-1对人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响.方法:通过细胞计数、流式细胞仪、光学显微镜、免疫细胞化学方法检测细胞的变化.结果:经60μg/mL NBBP-1处理后,SK-N-SH细胞生长抑制率高达90.09%,细胞周期被阻滞在G0/G1,细胞核裂解成多个,免疫细胞化学染色结果显示,经处理后bcl-2抗凋亡基因蛋白表达减弱,而p53、fas、bax等促凋亡基因蛋白表达增强.结论:新生牛牛脑活性肽NBBP-1对人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-SH细胞凋亡具有显著的诱导作用,其诱导癌细胞凋亡的机理与其调节和干预癌基因bcl-2和p53、fas、bax等抑癌基因的表达有关.     

甲醛炎性痛诱导大鼠海马神经元凋亡

目的：观察甲醛炎性痛是否可诱导大鼠海马神经元凋亡。方法：采用行为学方法观察大鼠自发痛反应,流式细胞术检测海马神经元凋亡率,免疫组织化学法检测海马神经元p53蛋白的表达。结果：与正常对照组相比,大鼠足底皮下注射甲醛后海马神经元凋亡率显著增高,海马各区p53蛋白表达明显增加,二者均于注射甲醛后3d达高峰;足底两次注射甲醛和一次注射甲醛组比较,大鼠自发痛反应增强,并且海马神经元凋亡率进一步增加。结论：甲醛炎性痛可诱导大鼠海马神经元凋亡,这种改变具有一定的时程特征;海马神经元凋亡率与疼痛强度有关;p53蛋白的表达增加可能参与了伤害性信息传入对神经元凋亡的诱导。     

白藜芦醇对猪前体脂肪细胞凋亡的作用及机理

旨在研究白藜芦醇对猪前体脂肪细胞凋亡的作用,探讨其分子机制。以50 μmol/L、100 μmol/L、200 μmol/L、400 μmol/L白藜芦醇处理猪前体脂肪细胞,采用Hoechst 33258染色剂染色,光学和荧光显微镜分别观察细胞的形态学变化。semi-qRT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测凋亡相关基因sirt1、caspase-3、bcl-2、bax、p53、NF-κB的mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。结果表明,白藜芦醇处理后,前体脂肪细胞出现明显的细胞凋亡,伴随细胞体积缩小,染色质凝集,核质固缩等特征显现,与对照组相比200 μmol/L处理组细胞的凋亡率显著升高 (P＜0.05)。凋亡相关基因sirt1、caspase-3和bax的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著上调 (P＜0.05),而bcl-2、p53、NF-κB等基因的表达水平明显下调 (P＜0.05)。进一步证实白藜芦醇特异性地增加sirt1的表达活性,而sirt1的上调影响caspase-3和bcl-2家族因子的活性,同时参与调控p53和NF-κB的转录表达。因此,推测sirt1调控凋亡相关因子表达是白藜芦醇诱导前体脂肪细胞凋亡的关键原因。     

灵芝肽诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的研究

研究了灵芝肽(GLP)在体外对人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的影响,并初步探讨了其作用机制。结果显示,透射电镜下可见细胞染色质浓缩、聚集于核边缘成块状,形成典型的凋亡小体;GLP使HepG2细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,随着GLP浓度升高,其G0/G1期的细胞比例随之增加;同时细胞的早期、晚期和总的凋亡率亦均随之增加,存在剂量-效应关系;Western blotting检测结果显示,抑制凋亡基因bcl-2和survivin表达下调,而促凋亡基因p53表达上调,并且都存在剂量依赖性;细胞凋亡的关键蛋白酶caspase-3被激活,并且caspase-3酶活性与GLP浓度亦有剂量依赖性。提示GLP体外可诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与bcl-2和survivin表达下调、p53表达上调及Caspase-3被激活有关。     

毛蕊异黄酮抑制SIRT1促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡

目的:探讨毛蕊异黄酮促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的机制。方法:MTT检测低、中、高(10μM,50μM,100μM)剂量的毛蕊异黄酮对细胞活力的影响;Tunel检测毛蕊异黄酮对细胞凋亡的影响;Western blot检测SIRT1,p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白表达;Real-time PCR检测caspase-3 mRNA的表达。结果:毛蕊异黄酮能够剂量依赖性地降低细胞活力,100μM剂量组的毛蕊异黄酮显著地促进肿瘤细胞凋亡并降低SIRT1,增加p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白表达。SIRT1抑制剂烟酰胺(Nicotinamide,NAM,300μM)组与毛蕊异黄酮处理组相比显著地抑制SIRT1的蛋白表达,p53和cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平进一步增加;SRT1720(SIRT1特异性激动剂)与毛蕊异黄酮共孵育组逆转SIRT1蛋白表达,降低p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白水平。结论:毛蕊异黄酮促进肿瘤细胞MCF-7的凋亡,部分可能是通过降低SIRT1的表达水平,从而增加p53和cleaved caspase-3的蛋白表达促进细胞凋亡。     

高浓度藏红花溶液导致大鼠肝损伤中caspase-3、bcl-2、NF-kB表达及意义

目的:通过研究高浓度藏红花溶液引起肝损伤大鼠肝功能、肝组织病理及肝组织中半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3),bcl-2,NF-kB表达,探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3),bcl-2,NF-kB在高浓度藏红花溶液导致的肝损伤中的作用及机制。方法:清洁级雄性大鼠45只,随机分为3组,每组15只,分别标记为A组(藏红花组);B组(酒精组,阳性对照);C组(生理盐水组,阴性对照)。分别给予藏红花高浓度水煎浓缩溶液、60%酒精、生理盐水灌胃共6周。第6周末,心腔取血测定ALT、AST。肝组织HE染色,免疫组化方法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3及调控基因Bcl-2、NF-kB的表达。结果:藏红花组大鼠肝功能ALT、AST升高,肝组织正常结构消失,肝细胞肿胀坏死,部分碎裂,凋亡蛋白caspase-3,bcl-2,NF-kB表达增加(69.6%±16.7%vs 5.3%±1.6%;55.4%±14.5%vs4.5%±2.8%;44.1%±12.6%vs2.5%±1.9%;P0.05)。结论:高浓度藏红花溶液可以引起大鼠肝损伤,肝组织caspase-3,bcl-2,NF-kB表达增加,细胞凋亡机制参与了藏红花肝损伤过程。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.