浅谈大学生课外科研活动对创新人才培养模式探索的体会

大学生的创新能力培养对于培育创新型人才具有极其重要的意义。本文旨在通过讲述指导学生参与课外实验的体会,探索一种高效合理的大学生创新型人才培养模式,为提高大学生综合素质、培养创新型人才提供探索经验。     

如何培养学生的创新思维——以《植物学》“根”一节的教学过程为例

大学是培养创新型人才的重要场所,而培养学生的创新思维能力是培养创新型人才的关键。以《植物学》课程中的＂根＂的教学过程为例,探讨了＂问题串＂教学法、思维导图学习法以及概念重定义法在教学过程中的应用,实践表明,这样的教学方法有利于学生创新思维能力的培养,使学生在获得知识的同时学会科学的学习方法和创新思维方法。     

生物化学实验教学的改革实践

为满足新世纪对创新型人才培养的要求,我们要针对生物化学实验教学中的一些环节进行改革与实践,培养学生的主观能动性和思维能力,调动学生自主学习的积极性,提高实验教学的质量。     

具有科研探索特色的医学细菌学综合及设计性实验的开设和实践

激发学生对医学细菌学实验课兴趣,使学生系统掌握医学细菌学研究的基本原理、基本技能和主要方法。培养学生观察能力、动手能力、综合科学思维能力和表达能力。把科研和探索性学习融入医学细菌学实验课程,开设细菌学综合及设计性实验。为培养具有创新能力和创新精神的创新型人才进行了尝试。     

高中生物课堂教学学生自主学习能力的培养探讨

在终身教育的国际背景下,我国日益重视对学生能力的培养,促使学生成为创新型人才。高中学生自主学习能力的培养是高中生物教育重要的培养目标之一,本文就高中生物课堂教学学生自主学习能力培养的策略进行了探讨,并阐述了其在教育教学中重要意义。     

"应用→原理→应用创新"教学模式在高中生物学复习教学中的尝试

“应用→原理→应用创新”教学模式,强调在培养广大普通劳动者的基础上继续培养创新型人才,这不但有利于提高学生的学业成绩,同时也有利于提高学生的学习兴趣、培养动手和实践能力等。以高中生物学复习教学为例,简单介绍了本教学模式的具体应用及其效果。     

生化分离工程课程教学改革与探讨

生化分离技术是生物工程专业的必修专业课,是一门理论性和实践性都很强的课程。在高等教育面临着开展素质教育、培养创新型人才的新形势下,面对教学时数少,学生学习兴趣不高的现实,针对课程教学方法以及考核方式进行了改革,加强课内师生互动和课外学生自学能力的培养,变单一期末考试考核为全面能力评价以提高学生学习兴趣和教学质量。实践证明,通过教学改革,学生提高了学习兴趣,巩固了学科知识,增强了创新能力。     

创新实验教学体系 促进实践能力培养

围绕微生物学在环保领域的应用, 以设计研究性实验为龙头, 构建具有专业特色的创新型教学体系, 实行开放式教学模式, 激发学生对环境微生物学的兴趣, 培养学生的创新性思维和解决环境问题的实践能力。     

口腔微生物学实验教学体系初探

目的实验教学在培养复合型和创新型人才中具有不可替代的重要作用,为了提高口腔医学教育质量,培养适应新世纪要求的高素质创新型的医学人才,增设口腔微生物学实验课。方法根据口腔医学特色设计实验,培养学生的基础、专业、综合、创新能力。教学内容包括：牙菌斑的采集和处理、致龋菌的分离和培养、致龋菌的鉴定。教学方式采用学生两两配对模式。分析2011年度教学的实验结果。结果实验课程有利于培养学生专业能力和科研能力,加深对疾病发生机制的理解;35．7％的学生具有较好的综合能力和创新能力,30．4％的学生表现出专业能力不足,33．9％学生需要提高基础和专业能力。结论口腔微生物学实验教学体系对完善教学、促进改革具有重要意义。     

创新实验教学体系促进实践能力培养——环境微生物学实验教学改革

围绕微生物学在环保领域的应用,以设计研究性实验为龙头,构建具有专业特色的创新型教学体系,实行开放式教学模式,激发学生对环境微生物学的兴趣,培养学生的创新性思维和解决环境问题的实践能力.     

Interview with Sydney Brenner

The following text is an edited version of a recent interview with Sydney Brenner who has been at the forefront of many developments in molecular biology since the 1950s. It provides a participant’s view on current issues in the history and epistemology of molecular biology. The main issue raised by Brenner regards the relation of molecular biology to the new field of systems biology. Brenner defends the original programme of molecular biology—the molecular explanation of living processes—that in his view has yet to be completed. The programme of systems biology in contrast he views as either trivial or as not achievable since it purports to deal with inverse problems that are impossible to solve in complex living systems. Other issues covered in the conversation concern the impact of the human genome sequencing project, the commercial turn in molecular biology and the contested disciplinary status of the science.     

Marine molecular biology: an emerging field of biological sciences

An appreciation of the potential applications of molecular biology is of growing importance in many areas of life sciences, including marine biology. During the past two decades, the development of sophisticated molecular technologies and instruments for biomedical research has resulted in significant advances in the biological sciences. However, the value of molecular techniques for addressing problems in marine biology has only recently begun to be cherished. It has been proven that the exploitation of molecular biological techniques will allow difficult research questions about marine organisms and ocean processes to be addressed. Marine molecular biology is a discipline, which strives to define and solve the problems regarding the sustainable exploration of marine life for human health and welfare, through the cooperation between scientists working in marine biology, molecular biology, microbiology and chemistry disciplines. Several success stories of the applications of molecular techniques in the field of marine biology are guiding further research in this area. In this review different molecular techniques are discussed, which have application in marine microbiology, marine invertebrate biology, marine ecology, marine natural products, material sciences, fisheries, conservation and bio-invasion etc. In summary, if marine biologists and molecular biologists continue to work towards strong partnership during the next decade and recognize intellectual and technological advantages and benefits of such partnership, an exciting new frontier of marine molecular biology will emerge in the future.     

Systems biology,emergence and antireductionism

This study explores the conceptual history of systems biology and its impact on philosophical and scientific conceptions of reductionism, antireductionism and emergence. Development of systems biology at the beginning of 21st century transformed biological science. Systems biology is a new holistic approach or strategy how to research biological organisms, developed through three phases. The first phase was completed when molecular biology transformed into systems molecular biology. Prior to the second phase, convergence between applied general systems theory and nonlinear dynamics took place, hence allowing the formation of systems mathematical biology. The second phase happened when systems molecular biology and systems mathematical biology, together, were applied for analysis of biological data. Finally, after successful application in science, medicine and biotechnology, the process of the formation of modern systems biology was completed.Systems and molecular reductionist views on organisms were completely opposed to each other. Implications of systems and molecular biology on reductionist–antireductionist debate were quite different. The analysis of reductionism, antireductionism and emergence issues, in the era of systems biology, revealed the hierarchy between methodological, epistemological and ontological antireductionism. Primarily, methodological antireductionism followed from the systems biology. Only after, epistemological and ontological antireductionism could be supported.     

本科生“分子生物学实验”课程设计的改革与探索

"分子生物学实验"是分子生物学理论课配套的实验课。掌握分子生物学基本实验技术是生命科学对新时代人才发展的基本需求。上海科技大学通过整合教学资源与实验室资源,对传统本科生"分子生物学实验"的教学内容和体系进行调整,建立了一套基础实验与前沿实验相结合、验证性实验和自主设计性实验相结合的教学体系,为提高本科生"分子生物学实验"课程教学质量和培养综合型人才奠定了基础。     

A new biology for a new century.

Biology today is at a crossroads. The molecular paradigm, which so successfully guided the discipline throughout most of the 20th century, is no longer a reliable guide. Its vision of biology now realized, the molecular paradigm has run its course. Biology, therefore, has a choice to make, between the comfortable path of continuing to follow molecular biology's lead or the more invigorating one of seeking a new and inspiring vision of the living world, one that addresses the major problems in biology that 20th century biology, molecular biology, could not handle and, so, avoided. The former course, though highly productive, is certain to turn biology into an engineering discipline. The latter holds the promise of making biology an even more fundamental science, one that, along with physics, probes and defines the nature of reality. This is a choice between a biology that solely does society's bidding and a biology that is society's teacher.     

基于哲学思维的“分子生物学”教法改革初探

针对“分子生物学”教学中出现的问题,通过分析“分子生物学”中哲学思想及其认知特点,文章进行了基于哲学思维的“分子生物学”教学方法改革初步探讨。期望通过引入哲学思维,培养学生的哲学思想,开拓学生的创新思维,提升他们的认知水平,增强自然科学学生的人文素养,进一步提升“分子生物学”的教学效果。     

The evolution of molecular biology into systems biology

Systems analysis has historically been performed in many areas of biology, including ecology, developmental biology and immunology. More recently, the genomics revolution has catapulted molecular biology into the realm of systems biology. In unicellular organisms and well-defined cell lines of higher organisms, systems approaches are making definitive strides toward scientific understanding and biotechnological applications. We argue here that two distinct lines of inquiry in molecular biology have converged to form contemporary systems biology.     

A New Biology for a New Century

Biology today is at a crossroads. The molecular paradigm, which so successfully guided the discipline throughout most of the 20th century, is no longer a reliable guide. Its vision of biology now realized, the molecular paradigm has run its course. Biology, therefore, has a choice to make, between the comfortable path of continuing to follow molecular biology's lead or the more invigorating one of seeking a new and inspiring vision of the living world, one that addresses the major problems in biology that 20th century biology, molecular biology, could not handle and, so, avoided. The former course, though highly productive, is certain to turn biology into an engineering discipline. The latter holds the promise of making biology an even more fundamental science, one that, along with physics, probes and defines the nature of reality. This is a choice between a biology that solely does society's bidding and a biology that is society's teacher.     

The Molecular Biology Notebook on CD-Rom – A step toward the virtual laboratory

The Molecular Biology Notebook is a teaching tool for molecular biology, developed at the Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted, in association with local schools and the University of Luton. It is a collection of software, consisting of a course on molecular biology, a browser to read the course and also navigate the Internet, and simulation software to perform molecular biology experiments.     

现代分子生物学研究方法综述

分子生物学是生命科学的重要分支学科,目前以生物大分子为研究对象的分子生物学已经成为现代生物学领域里最具活力的学科．对分子生物学的研究内容、特点及现代分子生物技术的一些进展进行了综述,并展望了现代分子生物学的发展趋势．