二阶导数光谱法测定脑活素注射液中色氨酸的含量

用二阶导数光谱法测定脑活素注射液中色氨酸的含量,可以消除该注射液中其它成份对其干扰。以水作为参比:波长选定282.0nm(峰):285.2nm(谷),色氨酸测定浓度0～0.05mg/ml,线性关系良好,回归方程D=94.585C—0.0111r=0.999.9平均回收率(%)100.6(n=5 CV(%)=1.2)     

雌雄蚕蛹近红外反射光谱的差异及其模式识别

采用6250型近红外光谱分析仪,从波长6印到1 235nm分别对日系蚕蛹217颗、中系蚕蛹174颗、杂交种蚕蛹330颗做了扫描测试,结果表明：雌雄蚕蛹的近红外光谱有极显著的差异。从日系217颗蚕蛹中随机选取雌雄各50颗作为学习样本,采用逐步判别方法从其二阶导数光谱中抽取5个特征波长作为观测向量,利用二次型判别函数对其余621颗蚕蛹的性别进行识别,其准确率达98.7%。该方法明显优于以蚕蛹重量或大小识别蚕蛹雌雄的方法。     

海洋红藻和蓝藻中的别藻蓝蛋白结构特征的比较

红毛菜、坛紫菜和条斑紫菜三种海洋红藻中的别藻蓝蛋白的特征吸收光谱(λ_(max)650 nm),荧光发射光谱(F_(max)662nm)、等电点(pI 4.42)、聚集态(分子量:134 kD)及其亚基分子量(α17kD,β18.5kD)均相同;结合它们各自吸收光谱的二阶导数光谱、圆二色谱和氨基酸残基组成等,与蓝藻--螺旋藻中的别藻蓝蛋白进行了比较。研究结果表明:四种来源不同的别藻蓝蛋白结构具有同一性,都是由α和β两个亚基组成的(αβ)_3结构。     

粪便提取液毒性检测方法的建立及应用

目的建立检测人体粪便提取液对肠上皮细胞毒性的方法。方法以Caco-2细胞为体外模型,应用建立好的毒性检测方法：用MTT法（四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法）检测细胞毒性,用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测遗传毒性,对糖尿患者和健康人的粪便提取液进行分析。结果糖尿病患者粪便提取液的细胞毒性显著高于健康人（n=30,P〈0.05）;其遗传毒性显著高于阴性对照PBS（P〈0.05）,与健康人相比有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义。结论粪便提取液的毒性检测方法可以简便、有效地检测人体粪便中毒性物质对肠上皮细胞的影响,因此可作为评价肠道菌群状态的方法。     

1550nm非剥脱点阵激光治疗斑秃的临床随机对照试验

比较1 550 nm非剥脱点阵激光和醋酸曲安奈德注射液皮损内注射治疗斑秃的临床疗效。将72例斑秃患者随机分成两组,治疗组36例、对照组36例,治疗组用1 550 nm非剥脱点阵激光治疗,对照组用醋酸曲安奈德注射液皮损内注射,每2周1次,共4次,12周后观察结果。治疗12周后治疗组治愈29例(80.5%),显效5例,总有效率94.4%;对照组治愈12例(40.0%),显效8例,总有效率66.7%;治疗组有效率和治愈率显著高于对照组(P0.01和P0.01)。治疗结束后6个月,治疗组复发3例(8.8%);对照组复发5例(25%),两组复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组的不良反应发生率(8.8%)比对照组(25%)小,不良反应发生率差异有显著性(P0.01)。1 550 nm非剥脱点阵激光治疗斑秃疗效显著。     

人IA-2基因的部分区段克隆表达及其在1型糖尿病诊断中的应用价值评估

目的:构建人IA-2基因不同区段原核表达载体,诱导表达获得重组蛋白,并初步验证其在1型糖尿病蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶自身抗体检测中的价值。方法:用RT-PCR方法调取目的基因,构建相应的原核表达质粒,转化大肠杆菌HB101,诱导表达获得纯化重组蛋白;以重组蛋白为包被抗原,初步建立检测蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶自身抗体的ELISA方法,评价各片段在1型糖尿病诊断中的价值。结果:获得了2种可被1型糖尿病患者血清识别的重组人蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗原区段IA-2(601～979)和IA-2(683～979),检测敏感性和特异性相当,但IA-2(683～979)检测的阳性D450nm值明显高于IA-2(601～979),成为首选的抗原区段。结论:所选重组人IA-2(683～979)抗原区段具有良好的抗原性,可作为1型糖尿病患者辅助诊断试剂的候选抗原。     

水肥耦合下夏玉米不同生育时期的高光谱特性与反演模型研究

本文通过整个光谱范围内一阶导数光谱反射率与叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的相关系数显著的波段,建立高光谱预监测水肥耦合条件下的夏玉米光合特性以及碳氮代谢,进而为玉米高产提供依据。在玉米拔节期和大喇叭口期选择596、1025和924nnl,吐丝期和乳熟期选择638、1068和965nm这几个显著性波段的实测值来建立估测模型。研究结果表明,拔节和大喇叭口期叶片叶绿素SPAD值的估测模型为y=28832．45p596＋39．34,可溶性糖含量的估测模型为y=640．54p1025＋7．92,可溶性蛋白含量一阶导数光谱估测模型为y=4092．90p924＋5．63,而吐丝期和乳熟期叶片叶绿素SPAD值的估测模型为y=134151．00p638＋129．92,可溶性糖含量的估测模型为y=524．80p1068＋9．20,可溶性蛋白含量一阶导数光谱估测模型为y=7321．61lp965＋36．64。所建立的高光谱预测模型在本试验所属的时空范围内能很好地预测和反演玉米生长状况。     

纸层析－分光光度法检测茶氨酸

为了满足普通实验室对茶中茶氨酸测定的需要,研究了茶氨酸的纸层析-分光光度检测方法。结果表明,用茚三酮．乙醇水溶液做展层剂,对茶苗根、芽叶和茶叶的水浸提液进行纸层析,能够有效地将茶氨酸与其它氨基酸分离,紫色色斑清晰而均匀。用乙醇溶液洗脱色斑后用分光光度计在570nm比色,在20～70此茶氨酸溶液点样量范围内其含量与吸光度呈线性关系。本方法检出限为0．0057mg·mL-1,测定下限为0．0191mg·mL-1,平均回收率90．28％～115．38％,平均相对标准差1．51％,具有安全、药品种类少和操作步骤简单等特点。     

基于光谱特征和HSV变换融合MODIS影像的滇池叶绿素a浓度监测

使用实测高光谱数据,研究滇池水体的光谱特征,应用统计方法建立滇池叶绿素a浓度的高光谱反演模型,并基于滇池水体的光谱特征,运用HSV变换融合遥感影像技术,监测水体叶绿素a浓度分布。结果表明:滇池水体光谱的反射峰位于550和700nm附近;此2个反射峰的位置和大小对水体叶绿素a浓度的变化反应最敏感。随着水体叶绿素a浓度升高,2个反射峰的峰值越接近,同时,550nm附近反射峰向短波方向偏移,而700nm附近反射峰向长波方向偏移。用这2个反射峰峰值的差值作为参数建立的滇池水体叶绿素a浓度估测模型,其精度较高;HSV变换融合MODIS遥感影像的假彩色合成图能直观反演滇池水体叶绿素a浓度的空间分布。     

油菜光合器官面积与导数光谱特征的相关关系

 运用导数光谱分析技术,研究了不同氮肥水平下不同品种油菜(Brassica napus)的 叶面积指数（Leaf area index, LAI）及角果皮面积指数 （Pod area index,PAI ）与冠层导数光谱及其衍生参数的定量关系。结果表明,油菜导数光谱与花前LAI和花后PAI均有良好的相关关系,在 750 nm附近相关关系最好,相关系数达到0.9左右。三边参数与油菜LAI和PAI的相关性顺序为：红边＞黄边＞蓝边,面积参数＞振幅参数＞位置 参数。油菜红边导数光谱的双峰现象降低了红边位置对油菜LAI和PAI的敏感程度,利用线性外推法拟合红边位置能 提高其对油菜LAI和PAI的敏 感程度。在三边参数及其衍生参数中,红边面积及其与蓝边面积的差与LAI及PAI的相关性最好,且适用于该研究中使用的不同品种。因此,750 nm 处的一阶导数光谱、红边面积及其与蓝边面积的差可用于有效地监测油菜的光合器官面积。     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor