中国复叶耳蕨属的分类研究

1828年荷兰植物学家Blume在他的《瓜哇植物简志》(Enum.P1.Jav.)中,根据Arachniodes aspidiodes Blume这个种,建立了复叶耳蕨属Arachnicdes,但一直未被各国植物学家所承认。我国蕨类植物专家秦仁昌教授1934年对本群蕨类植物的生活习性、外部形态和分枝图式等,进行了深入细致的研究,证明了它是一个自然类群,并指出了在系统分类上介于耳蕨属Polystichum Roth和鳞毛旅属Dryopteris Adans之间,当时他把本群植物(包括毛枝旅属Leptorumchra H. Ito和假复叶耳蔗属Acrorumo-hra H.Ito的一些种)归入了分布在大洋洲和非洲的Rumchra Raddi属中。     

东北黑三棱属新植物

本文发表了中国东北黑三棱属三新种及我国三新记录种, 三新种为东北黑三棱Sparganium manshuricum D.Yu;周氏黑三棱的Sparganium choui D.yu和抱茎黑三棱Sparganium amplexicaulium D.Yu。我国三新记录种为塔果三棱(新拟)Sparganium polyedrum Asch.et Gr.;旋序黑三棱(新拟)Sparganium glehnii Meinsh, 和日本黑三棱(新拟)Sparganium japonicum Roth.     

中国介蕨属的分类研究

1941年秦仁昌根据印度产的1种蕨类植物——Asplenium boryanum Willd。建立了介蕨属Dryoathyrium Ching,并新组合了7种蕨类植物为本属的成员(详见Fan Mem.Inst.Biol.11:39-81.1941.),40多年来未被各国植物学家所承认。     

中国桂樱属植物的分类研究

桂樱属(Laurocerasus Tourn.ex Duh.)是蔷薇科李亚科的一个属。它是De Tournefort(Institutiones rei Herbariae 627.t.403.1700)以Prunus laurocerasus L.和P.lusitanica L.两种奠定基础,而至1755年由Duhmal代为正式发表而建立。自该属建立以后的二百多年来,各国植物学家对其分类位置各持不同观点。     

中国菅属新分类群

菅属Themeda Forsk.虽然早在1775年,就被瑞典植物学家Petter For-skal以产埃及阿拉伯的阿拉伯黄背草Themeda triandra Forsk.建立;奈因1779年林奈之子Carolo a Linnaeus在《Nov.Gram。Gen.》中复命名本属为Anthistiria(1781年才在他的《Supplementum Plantarum Systematis》中记述Anthistiria ciliataL.f.),以至这一属名在其后约100多年间,为大多数植物学家所采用,直到1889年奥地利禾草学家Esuard Hackel重新恢复使用Themeda Forsk.属名,才逐渐为学者们接受沿用。本世纪,对本属较有研究者有:Stapf(1818);A.Camus(1920,1922);耿以礼(1939,1959);Pilger(1940);Bor(1960)等。     

柳叶蕨属的分类与分布

柳叶蕨属是鳞毛蕨科中一个小属,为秦仁昌教授1938年建立的。但50多年来,本属的分类与分布情况,很少为蕨类植物学家所了解。到目前为止,已知本属有8个种,主要分布中国西南部,仅1种-柳叶蕨Cyrtogonellum fraxinellum (Christ) Ching分布到越南北部。本文对属的形态特征加以描述,编制有分种检索表,并有本属的地理分布图。     

外生菌根合成过程中外源竞争性真菌及其菌根形态

在温室内,利用松属Pinus、栎属Quercus植物幼苗分别与乳菇属Lactarius、块菌属Tuber中重要食用菌进行菌根合成过程中,发现有9种外源竞争性菌根真菌exogenous competitive mycorrhizal fungi （ECMF）会造成宿主植物污染。形态解剖和分子生物学鉴定结果表明,9种ECMF分属5个属（Amphinema、须腹菌属Rhizopogon、硬皮马勃属Scleroderma、小球孢盘菌属Sphaerosporella、乳牛肝菌属Suillus）5科（阿太菌科Atheliaceae、须腹菌科Rhizopogonaceae、硬皮马勃科Sclerodermataceae、火丝菌科Pyronemataceae、乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae）,其中,造成松树苗污染的主要为Amphinema、Rhizopogon和Suillus属的种类,造成栎树苗污染的主要为Scleroderma属的种类,而Sphaerosporella属的种类既能污染松也能污染栎。同时,对ECMF形成菌根的形态与解剖特征进行了描述,以期为菌根合成过程中ECMF污染的识别与控制提供借鉴。     

中国鬼伞类真菌的分类

鬼伞类真菌涉及蘑菇科的鬼伞属Coprinus以及小脆柄菇科的小鬼伞属Coprinellus、拟鬼伞属Coprinopsis、近地伞属Parasola、刺毛鬼伞属Tulosesus和心孢鬼伞属Narcissea。基于标本研究和文献记载,确认我国该类真菌57种：小鬼伞属9种,刺毛鬼伞属10种,心孢鬼伞属3种,拟鬼伞属25种,近地伞属8种,鬼伞属2种。本文记载1个新组合——速亡型心孢鬼伞Narcissea ephemeroides,中国新记录种11个：黄鳞小鬼伞Coprinellus ellisii、甜味小鬼伞Coprinellus saccharinus、锐突拟鬼伞Coprinopsis acuminata、非洲雪白拟鬼伞Coprinopsis afronivea、美丽拟鬼伞Coprinopsis bellula、钟孢拟鬼伞Coprinopsis mitraespora、麻醉拟鬼伞Coprinopsis narcotica、厚壁拟鬼伞Coprinopsis pachyderma、近雪白拟鬼伞Coprinopsis pseudonivea、施罗特近地伞Parasola schroeteri和刺毛近地伞Parasola setulosa。编制了中国鬼伞类真菌分种检索表,对新组合和中国新记录种进行形态学描述,并提供线条图。结合ITS和LSU序列片段,采用了最大似然法和贝叶斯分析法建立系统发育树,反映各类群之间的系统演化关系。     

梵净山山顶苔藓矮林AM真菌多样性

为探析和比较梵净山国家自然保护区矮林生态系统中丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌群落特征,对6种山顶苔藓矮林群落（山樱-山矾Prunus-Symplocos、杜鹃-槭树Rhododendron-Acer、花楸-杜鹃Sorbus-Rhododendron、槭树Acer、黔稠Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana、杜鹃Rhododendron）土壤进行AM真菌分离、鉴定和分析。结果表明：梵净山山顶苔藓矮林群落共有13属32种AM真菌,包括无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 13种、球囊霉属Glomus 5种、近明球囊霉属Claroideoglomus 2种、多样孢囊霉属Diversispora 2种、隔球囊霉属Septoglomus 2种、原囊霉属Archaeospora 1种、双型囊霉属Ambispora 1种、内养囊霉属Entrophospora 1种、和平囊霉属Pacispora 1种、硬囊霉属Sclerocystis 1种、西维丁囊霉属Sieverdingia 1种、盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 1种和巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 1种,其中无梗囊霉属的分离频率、相对多度和重要值最高,分别是100%、65.90%和82.95%,为矮林区域的优势属,柯氏无梗囊霉为该区域的优势种;不同矮林间AM真菌群落结构组成差异显著,槭树矮林的孢子密度、菌根侵染率和Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于其他5种植物群落,黔稠矮林的孢子密度和物种丰富度最低,杜鹃矮林的AM真菌Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均为所有植物群落中最低,表明不同矮林类型对AM真菌群落结构具有重要影响。     

菰属系统与演化研究——外部形态

本文研究菰属Zizania L.及其有关属、种的外部形态后,揭示出菰属应在禾本科Gramineaee稻族Oryzeae中独立成菰亚族Zizaniinae。其与水稻属Oryza L.或拟菰属Zizaniopsis Doel&Aschers。在远古时代都可能起源于一个现已灭迹的共同祖先,而后平行向前演化。     

中国蹄盖蕨属植物孢子形态的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对我国产蹄盖蕨属44种植物的孢子进行了观察。结果表明,该属孢子形态为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形。外壁表面光滑,由周壁形成表面纹装饰。根据周壁的结构和表面纹饰,可分为两种类型;一是周壁外层发达,形成粗大的脊状纹饰,有11种属此类型;二是周壁外层很薄或不完全发育,由周壁内层或中层形成表面纹饰,有33种属此类型纹饰。本文还就本属的孢子形态特征以及与本属的属下分类关系、本属与邻近属的关系等进行了讨论。     

中国蹄盖蕨属轴果蹄盖蕨系的研究

本文是中国蹄盖蕨属植物研究的系列论文的第三篇,对国产轴果蹄盖蕨系植物进行了分类学订正,详细记载了中国产该系植物11种,首次将20余个名称归入该系的一些种下做为异名处理。轴果蹄盖蕨系植物是蹄盖蕨属中自然的一群,以其铁角蕨类型的孢子囊群和囊群益与其它属下类群相区别。本系植物分布于亚洲热带和亚热带山地,常见于山地常绿阔叶林下,海拔500～1800m。在华中和华东地区其分布区北界不超过长江一线。中国西南地区和台湾及日本为该系的三个分化中心。     

On the systematic position of Athyrium crenulato-serrulatum Makino from North-eastern Asia

The fern Athyrium crenulato-serrulatum Makino is found in the whole of Northeastern Asia embracing Northeastern China, Korea, Japan, Ussuri and the Far East USSR. It is similar to the European Athyrium distentifolium, formerly known as A. alpestre, in having exindusiate round or ovate sori, but differs in several essential characters, such as the well-spaced fronds are biseriately arranged along a thick and long-creeping rhizome, the base of stipe is thickened and not attenuated towards the point of attachment, the deltoid-ovate lamina with the basal pinnae as long as those next above, which all are distinctly petiolate and the rachis, costis and especially the costules of pinnules clad in fine pale-colored generally septate hairs underneath. All these clearly show that the fern in question is not an Athyrium sen. str. neither Pseudoathyrium Newman to which latter the fern was referred by Nakai. However, we have been long suspicious of its proper systematic position. In his recent monograph on the genus Cornopteris (Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 30: 104. 1979.) Kato has pointed out that C.crenulato-serrulata (Makino) Nakai “has the northernmost destribution in the genus and exhibits a few characteristics similar to Athyrium, the swollen base of stipes with projections and cartilaginous lamina margin. By these characteristics the species is clearly discriminated from other species”. According to Kurita (1964), Mitui (1970) and Karo (1978) the species in question has chromosome numbers n=40, the base number of the subfamily Athyrioides instead of x=41, the base number of the subfamily Diplazioides including Cornopteris Nakai. Since thefern in question fits no other athyrid genera, hence a new genus is proposed.     

On the Genus Athyrium Ser. Epiraches Ching et Y. T. Hsieh ex Y. T. Hsieh

This paper,third in the series of an account of the genus Athyrium in China, presents a revision of the series Epiraches Ching et Y．T．Hsieh ex Y．T．Hsieh．A total of 11 species are recognized from China,and more than 20 names are reduced to synonyms in the present paper．Ser．Epiraches is anatural group in Athyrium,it is distinguished from all the other groups of the genus by its Asplenioid sori and indusia,The series is entirely Asian tropical,subtropical and primarily montane．Its northern limits in central and eastern China are not beyond the Yangtze River．Southwestern part and Taiwan of China and Japan Islands are centers of diversity for the series,each with more than five species．Some speciesare disjunctly distributed in southwest China-Taiwan-Japan;one species(Athyrium roseum) occurs discontinuously between Yunnan and Taiwan;one endemic to Hainan(A. hainanense)is the only representative of Athyrium on the island．All members of this series grow in evergreen broad-leaf forests,generally from 500 to 1800 m above sea level．A key to the species,and illustrations of the middle pinnae from different specimens are provided．     

中国台湾和大陆蹄盖蕨属植物的生物地理学比较

蹄盖蕨属Athyrium Roth是个典型的东亚属,全世界估计约有160种,主要分布在亚洲东部的亚热带高山,少数在温带其他地区,中国有117种,是其分布中心。台湾和大陆的蹄盖蕨属植物关系尤为密切,是研究海峡两岸植物地理关系的一个很好的材料。台湾已知共计有蹄盖蕨类植物32种,包括狭义蹄盖蕨27种,介蕨2种,蛾眉蕨1种,假蹄盖蕨1种,假冷蕨1种,即使将待查实的4种蹄盖蕨除去,至少还有28种。其中除去7种大陆不产外, 21种均和大陆共有,占75%。况且,这7种与大陆种形态相近,是否同种异名、亚种或姊妹种关系还有待进一步研究;在台湾和大陆共有的16种狭义蹄盖蕨中有7种是台湾-西南间断分布。这不仅说明了台湾的蹄盖蕨属类植物和大陆的关系密切、有着共同的起源,而且说明台湾高地的植物区系和西南高地关系最为密切。运用生物系统学和分子系统学的方法研究和测定海峡两岸共有种种内、姊妹种或近缘种之间的遗传学关系(如:遗传一致度),进一步了解并量化台湾和大陆植物区系之间的历史和地理关系是必要的。     

中国蹄盖蕨属的研究I─属下分类

蹄盖蕨属是蕨类植物中分类最困难的大属之一,中国、喜马拉雅和日本为其分布中心。隶属于本属的种实际上是由蹄盖蕨科或广义蹄盖蕨属中其他属被划分出去以后剩余下来的种类集合而成的“大杂烩”,因此,它们被放在一起并非是一个单系起源的自然类群;属下不同类群分化的程度相差也很大,有的类群进化活跃,近缘种很多,有的类群则很孤立,所以属下单位所包括的种数相差悬殊;孢子周壁表面褶皱的有无在本属的属下分类中占有重要的位置。已发表的中国蹄盖蕨属植物名称约有３００多个,它们初步被处理为１１７种和一些变种和杂种,本文建议把这些种分为１４个组和１５个系。     

中国蹄盖蕨属的研究Ⅰ-属下分类

蹄盖蕨属是蕨类植物中分类最困难的大属之一,中国、喜马拉雅和日本为其分布中心。隶属于本属的种实际上是由蹄盖蕨科或广义蹄盖蕨属中其他属被划分出去以后剩余下来的种类集合而成的"大杂烩",因此,它们被放在一起并非是一个单系起源的自然类群;属下不同类群分化的程度相差也很大,有的类群进化活跃,近缘种很多,有的类群则很孤立,所以属下单位所包括的种数相差悬殊;孢子周壁表面褶皱的有无在本属的属下分类中占有重要的位置。已发表的中国蹄盖蕨属植物名称约有300多个,它们初步被处理为117种和一些变种和杂种,本文建议把这些种分为14个组和15个系。     

中国特有属─—东俄芹属的花粉形态及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了伞形科东俄芹属（ＴｏｎｇｏｌｏａＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ）７个种的花粉形态,结果表明：除宜昌东俄芹Ｔ．ｄｕｎｎｉｉ（Ｂｏｉｓｓｉｅｕ）Ｈ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ和城口东俄芹Ｔ．ｓｉｌａｉｆｏｌｉａ（Ｂｏｉｓｓｉｅｕ）Ｈ．ｗｏｌｆｆ的花粉为矩形类型外,其它几种的为菱形类型,然而并非都是原始的或典型的菱形,而是处于分化过程中的菱形类型,如纤细东俄芹Ｔ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ,大东俄芹Ｔ．ｅｌａｔａＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ的花粉形态,表现出近菱形、近椭圆形和近矩形的特征,在我们近期的工作中曾涉及滇芎属ＰｈｙｓｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｐｓｉｓＨ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ类似的花粉形态及分化情况,从花粉资料启示,东俄芹属可能与滇芎属近缘。     

Caeoma cassiopae sp. nov., a rust on Cassiope tetragona in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

Caeoma cassiopae sp. nov. (Uredinales) is described on the arctic-alpine shrub Cassiope tetragona. It was found in three locations in the Rocky Mountains of west-central Alberta, and is the first rust reported on the genus Cassiope. The sori resemble the uredinia of species in the genus Chrysomyxa. The host in the Ericaceae also suggests affinity with that genus. However, the spore morphology, studied by light and scanning electron microscopy, does not resemble known species of Chrysomyxa.     

A Monographic Revision of the Fern Genus Neolepisorus Ching

The genus Neolepisorus Ching was proposed in 1940 and then consisted of five species including the type, Polypodium ovatum Wall. ex Hook. et Grev. The generic sense of Neolepisorus is now more homogenour than originally constructed. Strictly speaking, the genus then had only three species: Polypodium ovatum Wall. ex Hook. et Grev. of the Himalayas and China, P. ensatum Thunb. of Japan, and China, and P. lastii Baker of Africa (Madagascar). Since then our knowledge of the genus has substantially been enriched, as there are now 10 species known from China as described in the present paper. Phylogenetically, the genus Neolepisorus is a natural one in the family Polypodiaceae, beiny closely related to Nicrosorium Link, Calysis Presl and Tricholepidium Ching in general habit, scale structure, spores and chromosome numbers (x = 36), while its affinity with the genus Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching is much less close in these respects. From its related genera Neolepisorus differs in terestrial habit,typically long-stipitate simple fronds, distinct lateral main veins with 1--3(4) striate and irregularly dispersed sori covered when young with angular, clathrate and long-stalked paraphyses. One marked morphological peculiarity of the genus Neolepisorus is, however, that the fronds in many species from Guizhou and Sichuan are so divided into more or less similarly pinnatifid or lobed monstrous shapes that their proper identity is frequently indiscernible--a character not yet seen in ferns of other genera in China at least. It offers an interesting research subject for the morphologists. Geographically, the genus Neolepisorus is mainly Chinese. Except one species endemic to Afrira (Madagascar), one in Indo Himalayas, upper Burma, nothern Thailand, Indo-China and China and the third species in Japan and China, all are found endemic to China,northwards to the southern part of Shaanxi (Shensi) Province, south of the Tsing-ling Range. Ecologically, they all prefer half-sunny floor under secondary forests or among shrubberies.