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在新疆塔城和哈密春麦田,用笼罩法研究的结果表明,7月份天敌因素对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 自然种群具有明显的控制作用。在试验观察期间,当部分自然种群出现负增长时,笼罩的麦双尾蚜增长了4.4~8.3倍。塔城春麦田天敌数量变化和麦双尾蚜增长率的相关性分析表明,1994年蚜小蜂Aphelinus albipodus和斑腹蝇Leucopisannulipes等天敌的控制能力明显,1996年捕食性的蜘蛛类、瓢虫类天敌作用较强。不同年份天敌优势种类和数量存在明显差异。 相似文献
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四种天敌对麦双尾蚜的功能反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一种蚜小蜂 Aphelinus sp. 对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 的功能反应为Holling I型,直线方程为Na=0.6060N-3.4700。七星瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata L. 成虫对麦双尾蚜功能反应也为I型,直线方程为Na=0.6020N+5.9000;多异瓢虫 Hippodamia variegata Goeze成虫和斑腹蝇 Leucopis annulipes Zett. 3龄幼虫对麦双尾蚜的功能反应均为II型,关系式分别为1/Na=1.2550/N+0.0046和1/Na=1.3280/N+0.0071。 相似文献
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在新疆塔城,麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 在春麦田最集中分布于海拔600~800 m 高度,在冬麦田最集中分布于700~800 m 高度;冬麦田和同海拔高度的春麦田麦双尾蚜数量密切相关(r=0.91, P<0.01)。麦双尾蚜寄生性天敌蚜茧蜂类和蚜小蜂类,在春麦田最集中分布的高度为500~600 m,随着时间的延后,分布的高度范围逐渐扩展;冬麦田最集中分布的高度为600~800 m,略高于春小麦田。捕食麦双尾蚜的斑腹蝇幼虫在春麦田前期最集中分布的高度为500 m处,后期分布高度上升;冬麦田较集中分布的高度为600~800 m,也随着时间的延后也上升。 相似文献
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在扫描电镜下,系统观察了麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 的触角初生感觉器、触角次生感觉器、复眼、喙端感觉器、前跗节端部感觉器以及腹部末端的外部形态超微结构,并就其形态和功能的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
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降水和灌溉对麦双尾蚜种群数量的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
该文探讨了1989~1996年新疆塔城市麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko 年度间种群数量和降水量的关系,利用降水模拟方法分析降水因素对麦双尾蚜种群数量的影响,并调查了田间不同灌溉水平的植株上麦双尾蚜的数量。结果显示:6月下旬春麦田麦双尾蚜种群数量和当年4月份和5月份的降水总量存在明显负相关性(r=-0.92),与5月上旬和6月中旬降水总量存在明显负相关性(r=-0.78),并且与上年7月中下旬降水量存在明显正相关性(r=0.67),这些相关性表明4~5月份降水对麦双尾蚜种群增长不利,5~6月上旬降水对麦双尾蚜从冬麦迁入春麦不利,7月降水有利于麦双尾蚜种群增长,并依据4~5月降水量(X)和春麦田麦双尾蚜数量?建立了回归方程r=4.9-0.048X。田间和实验室内模拟降水可以明显降低麦双尾蚜种群数量。田间相对干旱地段麦双尾蚜数量明显高于湿润地段,并且干旱地段麦双尾蚜被菜蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae Mintosh寄生的百分率相对较低。 相似文献
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在塔城麦田调查发现,麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 在春小麦和野生寄主上的百株蚜量从大到小依次为春小麦、黑麦和野燕麦,在春小麦上最早出现高峰期。在春小麦上,瓢虫类数量最多达到516头/百株,菜蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae和白足蚜小蜂Aphelinus albipodus的最高寄生率分别达到31.6%和12.9%。在黑麦上,麦双尾蚜主要被白足蚜小蜂寄生,最高寄生率达到42.9%,斑腹蝇幼虫Leucopis annulipes最高达到16头/百株。在野燕麦上,白足蚜小蜂和菜蚜茧蜂最高寄生率分别达到62.3%和31.8%。瓢虫和菜蚜茧蜂发生较早,白足蚜小蜂和斑腹蝇发生时间相对较晚。 相似文献
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The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was a worldwide cereal pest. The control measures to this pest were reviewed, emphasizing on natural enemies and plant resistance. First, spring wheat with earlier planting dates had higher yield and could resist RWA infestation to a more extent, while winter wheat with later planting dates could escape infestation of Russian wheat aphid with very few exceptions. So, manipulation of wheat planting dates was suggested in worldwide scale for the aphid control. Second, the natural enemies were considered as the most important factor to reduced the pest status. Introduced and native natural enemies were evaluated for their potential as biological agents in South Africa, United States, and Australia. In South Africa, an introduced parasitoid and a predator were selected for releasing. In the United States, the project on exploring and releasing the natural enemies was unprecedented in biological control history. The endeavor in USA has been proved primarily successful today and will be afterward. The RWA control in Chile was considered most successful, partly because of their introduction of natural enemies before the aphid arrival. The native enemies together with other factors in central Asia and Europe apparently suppressed the aphids to a low level. The screen for resistant wheat was another important research project in fighting with RWA. In South Africa and USA, resistant wheat and barley were bred, and some of them had been put in commercial use for RWA control. The overwhelming mechanisms in resistant wheat varieties were antibiosis, tolerance or their combination. Though chemical insecticide spraying was proved as an effective method for aphid control, more and more research has switched from this method to non chemical control measures as required by IPM. Future research should put more emphasis on augmentation of the natural enemies, revealing the relationship between RWA and agricultural ecosystem and integration of all effective measures. 相似文献
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在新疆伊犁地区1993年和1994年分别观察了195个和36个麦类品种对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia(Mordvilko)的自然感虫性。36个品种两年的结果进行比较表明,感虫率级别相同的品种有18个,占50%;其中“一粒小麦”稳定地表现为不感虫性;感虫率稳定地表现在20%以下的品种有13个,即“86-2-4-2-3-3”、“京772”、“M85 189”、“T579”、“永良13”、“T494”、“浮纳尔”、 “Mg4521”、 “广引74”、“Mg5824”、“Mg8586”、“T1008”和“短芒黑边红”; 感虫率稳定在20%~40%的品种2个,即“额敏黑芒”和“白长穗”; 感虫率稳定在40%~60%的品种2个,即“黑芒红”和“勾毛白”。其余品种,有14个两年的感虫率相差一个级别(20%);“黑芒长穗”、“高原602”、“伊宁黄库尔班”和“82-10-42-1-1”等4个品种感虫率相差二个或三个级别。另外,1996年塔城引种试验的2个品种“春麦雄性不育系 901”和“啤酒大麦(石引1号)”均遭受麦双尾蚜的严重为害。 相似文献