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在新疆塔城和哈密春麦田,用笼罩法研究的结果表明,7月份天敌因素对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 自然种群具有明显的控制作用。在试验观察期间,当部分自然种群出现负增长时,笼罩的麦双尾蚜增长了4.4~8.3倍。塔城春麦田天敌数量变化和麦双尾蚜增长率的相关性分析表明,1994年蚜小蜂Aphelinus albipodus和斑腹蝇Leucopisannulipes等天敌的控制能力明显,1996年捕食性的蜘蛛类、瓢虫类天敌作用较强。不同年份天敌优势种类和数量存在明显差异。 相似文献
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四种天敌对麦双尾蚜的功能反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一种蚜小蜂 Aphelinus sp. 对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 的功能反应为Holling I型,直线方程为Na=0.6060N-3.4700。七星瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata L. 成虫对麦双尾蚜功能反应也为I型,直线方程为Na=0.6020N+5.9000;多异瓢虫 Hippodamia variegata Goeze成虫和斑腹蝇 Leucopis annulipes Zett. 3龄幼虫对麦双尾蚜的功能反应均为II型,关系式分别为1/Na=1.2550/N+0.0046和1/Na=1.3280/N+0.0071。 相似文献
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在新疆伊犁地区1993年和1994年分别观察了195个和36个麦类品种对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia(Mordvilko)的自然感虫性。36个品种两年的结果进行比较表明,感虫率级别相同的品种有18个,占50%;其中“一粒小麦”稳定地表现为不感虫性;感虫率稳定地表现在20%以下的品种有13个,即“86-2-4-2-3-3”、“京772”、“M85 189”、“T579”、“永良13”、“T494”、“浮纳尔”、 “Mg4521”、 “广引74”、“Mg5824”、“Mg8586”、“T1008”和“短芒黑边红”; 感虫率稳定在20%~40%的品种2个,即“额敏黑芒”和“白长穗”; 感虫率稳定在40%~60%的品种2个,即“黑芒红”和“勾毛白”。其余品种,有14个两年的感虫率相差一个级别(20%);“黑芒长穗”、“高原602”、“伊宁黄库尔班”和“82-10-42-1-1”等4个品种感虫率相差二个或三个级别。另外,1996年塔城引种试验的2个品种“春麦雄性不育系 901”和“啤酒大麦(石引1号)”均遭受麦双尾蚜的严重为害。 相似文献
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该文探讨了1989~1996年新疆塔城市麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko 年度间种群数量和降水量的关系,利用降水模拟方法分析降水因素对麦双尾蚜种群数量的影响,并调查了田间不同灌溉水平的植株上麦双尾蚜的数量。结果显示:6月下旬春麦田麦双尾蚜种群数量和当年4月份和5月份的降水总量存在明显负相关性(r=-0.92),与5月上旬和6月中旬降水总量存在明显负相关性(r=-0.78),并且与上年7月中下旬降水量存在明显正相关性(r=0.67),这些相关性表明4~5月份降水对麦双尾蚜种群增长不利,5~6月上旬降水对麦双尾蚜从冬麦迁入春麦不利,7月降水有利于麦双尾蚜种群增长,并依据4~5月降水量(X)和春麦田麦双尾蚜数量?建立了回归方程r=4.9-0.048X。田间和实验室内模拟降水可以明显降低麦双尾蚜种群数量。田间相对干旱地段麦双尾蚜数量明显高于湿润地段,并且干旱地段麦双尾蚜被菜蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae Mintosh寄生的百分率相对较低。 相似文献
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在新疆塔城,麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 在春麦田最集中分布于海拔600~800 m 高度,在冬麦田最集中分布于700~800 m 高度;冬麦田和同海拔高度的春麦田麦双尾蚜数量密切相关(r=0.91, P<0.01)。麦双尾蚜寄生性天敌蚜茧蜂类和蚜小蜂类,在春麦田最集中分布的高度为500~600 m,随着时间的延后,分布的高度范围逐渐扩展;冬麦田最集中分布的高度为600~800 m,略高于春小麦田。捕食麦双尾蚜的斑腹蝇幼虫在春麦田前期最集中分布的高度为500 m处,后期分布高度上升;冬麦田较集中分布的高度为600~800 m,也随着时间的延后也上升。 相似文献
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根据新疆伊犁、塔城两地小麦田调查资料,组建了麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 自然种群特定时间生命表。由生命表分析得知,小麦早期生长发育阶段,麦双尾蚜迁移造成的种群数量损失很小,反映了麦双尾蚜在早期种群密度较低,个体对食物和空间资源的竞争压力较小。寄生性天敌在小麦田出现较晚,在两地小麦早期生长阶段,由寄生造成的种群损失也极低。整个麦类作物生长阶段,捕食天敌对麦双尾蚜种群的控制作用非常重要,是麦双尾蚜种群损失的关键因子之一。迁移造成的种群损失比寄生性天敌的还要大,说明迁移是麦双尾蚜种群自我调节的重要手段。 相似文献
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在新疆伊犁就36个麦类品种对麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 耐害性和产量损失的研究结果表明,其中11个品种受害后千粒重下降10%以下,为耐害性较强的品种,它们是一粒小麦、墨玉稻穗、爱因亢、小偃95、Mg8349、短芒黑边红、伊春4号、小黑麦12、浮纳尔、毛大头和T1008。综合考虑不同品种的自然受害率和受害后千粒重的下降,各品种的总体产量损失率在0~10.56%。产量损失率在2%以下的有14个品种,即一粒小麦、爱因亢、Mg8349、Mg8786、浮纳尔、短芒黑边红、T1008、墨玉稻穗、小黑麦12、广引74、Mg4521、黄库尔班、Mg8816和小偃95。 相似文献
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The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was a worldwide cereal pest. The control measures to this pest were reviewed, emphasizing on natural enemies and plant resistance. First, spring wheat with earlier planting dates had higher yield and could resist RWA infestation to a more extent, while winter wheat with later planting dates could escape infestation of Russian wheat aphid with very few exceptions. So, manipulation of wheat planting dates was suggested in worldwide scale for the aphid control. Second, the natural enemies were considered as the most important factor to reduced the pest status. Introduced and native natural enemies were evaluated for their potential as biological agents in South Africa, United States, and Australia. In South Africa, an introduced parasitoid and a predator were selected for releasing. In the United States, the project on exploring and releasing the natural enemies was unprecedented in biological control history. The endeavor in USA has been proved primarily successful today and will be afterward. The RWA control in Chile was considered most successful, partly because of their introduction of natural enemies before the aphid arrival. The native enemies together with other factors in central Asia and Europe apparently suppressed the aphids to a low level. The screen for resistant wheat was another important research project in fighting with RWA. In South Africa and USA, resistant wheat and barley were bred, and some of them had been put in commercial use for RWA control. The overwhelming mechanisms in resistant wheat varieties were antibiosis, tolerance or their combination. Though chemical insecticide spraying was proved as an effective method for aphid control, more and more research has switched from this method to non chemical control measures as required by IPM. Future research should put more emphasis on augmentation of the natural enemies, revealing the relationship between RWA and agricultural ecosystem and integration of all effective measures. 相似文献