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1.
蚜虫迁飞的研究进展   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15  
蚜虫的迁飞能造成危害扩展、病毒病传播和防碍人们的正常生活。蚜虫迁飞有其生理生态基础。寄主营养、蚜群拥挤度、天敌以及气候条件是刺激有翅蚜产生的主因素。蚜虫迁飞与卵巢发育存在明显的共轭关系。蚜虫迁飞多发生在晴朗的白天 ,并且温度、光照和风是影响迁飞行为的主导因子。蚜虫可上升到逆温层并随气流迁飞到上百公里以外的地方。目前 ,昆虫雷达观察、天气学分析和分子生物学方法已应用于蚜虫迁学的研究中 ,文章对蚜虫迁飞的生理生态基础、迁飞行为、影响迁飞的生态因子以及研究方法进行了综述 ,以期为蚜虫这类小型昆虫的迁飞研究提供指导  相似文献   

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吴迅 《华东昆虫学报》2007,16(4):315-320
本文设计了利用微机记录昆虫飞行状态的实验装置,这种装置由两部分组成,一部分是设计和制作一个飞行磨供昆虫飞行,另一部分是制作光电传感器和微机检测系统,记录信号并把信号进行识别、分析、归类,送往计算机显示和打印。介绍了其工作原理和使用方法。  相似文献   

4.
早在3亿年前,昆虫已经翱翔在辽阔的天空,成为最早在空中飞行的动物,并且在今天仍然延续着它们的飞行史。经过了漫长且充满变数的进化,昆虫获得了令人惊叹的飞行技巧,如飞行速度快、距离长、耗能少、灵活性强等,尤其它们高度的飞行灵活性是任何现有的飞行器都无法比拟的。  相似文献   

5.
早在3亿年前,昆虫已经翱翔在辽阔的天空,成为最早在空中飞行的动物,并且在今天仍然延续着它们的飞行史。经过了漫长且充满变数的进化,昆虫获得了令人惊叹的飞行技巧,如飞行速度快、距离长、耗能少、灵活性强等,尤其它们高度的飞行灵活性是任何现有的飞行器都无法比拟的。  相似文献   

6.
本文根据昆虫飞行的特点,模拟昆虫飞行的实验装置,由飞行磨、单片机及微型计算机组成,编辑设计飞行监控软件,该程序分为三个模块:系统监控程序模块;时钟程序模块和信号处理程序模块。利用微机适时采集飞行数据,记录和分析监测结果,模拟昆虫的飞行速度和持续时间。  相似文献   

7.
《昆虫知识》2009,(3):335-336
人们对飞行能力非常羡慕。飞行的才能使得许多动物能够经由空气来旅行,但有关动物的这种特殊的灵动性和稳定性的详情人们却知之甚少。如今,研究人员已经研发出了预测空中旋转动力学的框架结构,并能用它来预测体型大小不同的7种不同种类飞行动物的飞行运动。  相似文献   

8.
《昆虫知识》2009,(6):977-977
人们普遍认为昆虫是没有思维活动的低等动物。然而,别看昆虫的大脑小如针尖,它们的智力却一点不逊于体形庞大的高等动物。英国科学家最新研究发现,昆虫不仅有思维活动、会数数、懂得分门别类,甚至可以识别人脸。“消除偏见”来自英国玛丽女王学院、伦敦大学和剑桥大学的科学家用计算机模拟昆虫大脑开展实验。实验结果显示,昆虫的大脑容量足以使它们拥有思维活动。  相似文献   

9.
小型昆虫DNA提取时匀浆方法的改进   总被引:46,自引:4,他引:46  
应用改进的方法方便地提取了高质量的单头蚜虫基因组DNA ,有助于解决小型昆虫研究工作中单头虫体的DNA提取困难问题  相似文献   

10.
芍药的访花昆虫和传粉昆虫   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
红雨  刘强 《昆虫知识》2004,41(5):449-454
20 0 0~ 2 0 0 2年对内蒙古赤峰市高格斯台罕乌拉自然保护区内野生芍药 (PaeonialactifloraPall.)和内蒙古农校芍药园内栽培品种芍药的访花昆虫进行调查 ,经整理鉴定有 2 9种 ,自然保护区内芍药的访花昆虫种类有 1 7种 ,芍药园内的访花昆虫有 1 7种。根据传粉行为和数量的比较确定了自然保护区内主要传粉昆虫为丽斑芫菁、黄胫宽花天牛、黑胫宽花天牛、短毛斑金龟、饥星花金龟、白星花金龟和大淡脉隧蜂 ;芍药园内的主要传粉昆虫为意大利蜜蜂、棕边管食蚜蝇、长尾管食蚜蝇、大淡脉隧蜂、灰带管食蚜蝇和小淡脉隧蜂。  相似文献   

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Dispersal plays a crucial role in many aspects of species' life histories, yet is often difficult to measure directly. This is particularly true for many insects, especially nocturnal species (e.g. moths) that cannot be easily observed under natural field conditions. Consequently, over the past five decades, laboratory tethered flight techniques have been developed as a means of measuring insect flight duration and speed. However, these previous designs have tended to focus on single species (typically migrant pests), and here we describe an improved apparatus that allows the study of flight ability in a wide range of insect body sizes and types. Obtaining dispersal information from a range of species is crucial for understanding insect population dynamics and range shifts. Our new laboratory tethered flight apparatus automatically records flight duration, speed, and distance of individual insects. The rotational tethered flight mill has very low friction and the arm to which flying insects are attached is extremely lightweight while remaining rigid and strong, permitting both small and large insects to be studied. The apparatus is compact and thus allows many individuals to be studied simultaneously under controlled laboratory conditions. We demonstrate the performance of the apparatus by using the mills to assess the flight capability of 24 species of British noctuid moths, ranging in size from 12–27 mm forewing length (~40–660 mg body mass). We validate the new technique by comparing our tethered flight data with existing information on dispersal ability of noctuids from the published literature and expert opinion. Values for tethered flight variables were in agreement with existing knowledge of dispersal ability in these species, supporting the use of this method to quantify dispersal in insects. Importantly, this new technology opens up the potential to investigate genetic and environmental factors affecting insect dispersal among a wide range of species.  相似文献   

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棉铃虫的飞翔活动   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
吴孔明  郭予元 《生态学报》1996,16(6):612-617
实验研究表明,棉铃虫初羽化个体极少活动,1日龄以后活动趋于频繁。个体日活动以20:00 ̄21:00和3:00 ̄5:00为2个高峰期,1 ̄3日龄主要以交配和觅食为主,4日龄以后多表现产卵活动。3 ̄6日龄成虫的飞翔能力最强,连续吊飞第6日龄个体,其平均累计飞行时间达41.30h,平均飞行距离239.7km,个体最远飞行距离311.29km,最长飞行时间59.68h,最大飞行速度3.21m/s。棉铃虫在  相似文献   

14.
Flight in insects can be long-range migratory flights, intermediate-range dispersal flights, or short-range host-seeking flights. Previous studies have shown that flight mills are valuable tools for the experimental study of insect flight behavior, allowing researchers to examine how factors such as age, host plants, or population source can influence an insects'' propensity to disperse. Flight mills allow researchers to measure components of flight such as speed and distance flown. Lack of detailed information about how to build such a device can make their construction appear to be prohibitively complex. We present a simple and relatively inexpensive flight mill for the study of tethered flight in insects. Experimental insects can be tethered with non-toxic adhesives and revolve around an axis by means of a very low friction magnetic bearing. The mill is designed for the study of flight in controlled conditions as it can be used inside an incubator or environmental chamber. The strongest points are the very simple electronic circuitry, the design that allows sixteen insects to fly simultaneously allowing the collection and analysis of a large number of samples in a short time and the potential to use the device in a very limited workspace. This design is extremely flexible, and we have adjusted the mill to accommodate different species of insects of various sizes.  相似文献   

15.
大头金蝇的飞行能力   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过飞行磨测定和扩散观察,研究大头金蝇Chrysomya megacephala(Fabricius)的飞行能力。结果表明:雌、雄虫的平均飞行距离、平均最大飞行速度、平均飞行时间间没有显著的差异。大头金蝇的平均飞行距离25℃时达最高,为4·4783km,之后随着温度的进一步增高而逐渐下降;平均飞行时间20℃时最大,为1·2262h;最大飞行速度25℃最大,为1·2210m/s。50%,60%,70%和80%相对湿度的平均飞行距离有显著差异,分别为5·7475,0·7913,0·3850和0·7575km;50%RH的平均飞行时间最长为2·7868h,平均最大飞行速度中80%RH最高,为2·0792m/s。在塑料大棚(长30m)释放大头金蝇呈扇形扩散,最快速度0·3m/s,从一端扩散到塑料大棚的另一端所需时间平均为(2·52±0·63)min,最长需要3·08min,表现出大头金蝇有较强的飞行能力。  相似文献   

16.
Flight mills are commonly used to assess the relative flight performance of migratory insects, but uncertainties about the rate of energy expenditure on the mill mean that absolute estimates of flight endurance are not usually attempted. In this paper we describe how we measured the power delivered to a lightweight flight mill by tethered Cicadulina storeyi China leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and compared this to estimates of the power they use to maintain free flight. Our results showed that the leafhoppers were generating more than 0.90 W of mechanical power when on the mill, and that they probably have 3–4 W available for free flight. We conclude that whilst flying on the mill, the insects were generating at least 20–30% of the mechanical power needed for free flight, and that this percentage may have been significantly higher.  相似文献   

17.
通过利用昆虫飞行磨对室内饲养的禾缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)在不同温度(8℃一30℃)条件下飞行能力的测试结果。试验结果表明,禾缢管蚜的飞行距离和飞行时间在12℃~20℃时较大,平均飞行距离为6.614~8.219 km,平均飞行时间为5.074~7.003 h。在15℃时,单个个体的最大飞行距离和最长飞行时间分别达到26.231 km和21.153h:在8℃~10℃条件下禾缢管蚜较难起飞,即使起飞后飞行时间和距离均很短。在 23℃以上禾缢管蚜的飞行时间和距离逐渐缩短,30℃时禾缢管蚜起飞后很快就停止飞行。飞行速度随温度增高而加快,平均飞行速度在8℃时为o.781km/h,在30℃时达1.605km/h。  相似文献   

18.
黄地老虎Agrotis segetum是一种重要的农业迁飞性害虫,研究飞行生物学对明确其迁飞机理有重要意义。本项研究利用昆虫飞行磨系统对黄地老虎的飞行能力进行了测定。对实验室种群飞行能力的测定结果表明:1日龄成虫的飞行能力最弱;3日龄飞行能力最强,其24 h平均飞行时间、平均飞行距离和平均飞行速率分别达到12.16±0.74 h、48.94±3.40 km和3.76±0.12 km/h。雌蛾与雄蛾间的各项飞行参数均无显著差异,但处女成虫平均飞行距离和平均飞行速率均显著高于已交配个体。对渤海湾野外迁飞种群飞行能力的测定显示,早季节北迁个体和晚季节回迁个体的平均飞行时间和平均飞行距离无显著差异,但皆显著低于实验室种群。黄地老虎具有较强的飞行能力,日龄和交配是影响其飞行能力的关键因素。  相似文献   

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