利用多菌种混合发酵降解饼粕中粗蛋白的实验研究

对凝结芽孢杆菌、圆孢芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和球形芽孢杆菌在菜籽饼粕中混合发酵降低其大分子粗蛋白含量提高游离氨基酸含量的发酵工艺进行了研究。结果表明其最佳发酵工艺条件：4种菌种接种量比例为(1：1：3：1),含水量60％,接种量15％,发酵25d,粗蛋白降解率达41．98％,游离氨基酸含量提高10．18倍。为工业上生产菌肥提供了理论基础。     

1株聚乳酸降解细菌的筛选、鉴定及产酶研究

从污泥中筛选出1株对聚乳酸（poly—L—lacticacid,PLA）具有降解活力的细菌DSL09,该菌株对PLA的乳化液、粉末及薄膜都具有降解作用。通过形态学、16SrDNA比对及生理生化特性的分析,鉴定该菌株属于芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus sp．）。为提高该菌株对PLA的降解活力,对其进行了紫外诱变,获得了稳定遗传的突变株DSL09-60b,该突变株的PLA降解活性提高至原始菌株的1．5倍。对该突变株产PLA降解酶的发酵条件进行了优化,经测定DSL09-60b在初始培养基pH为8．0、0．5％酪蛋白为诱导物、接种量6％（体积比）的条件下37℃培养54h时发酵液酶活性最高。     

紫外线诱变选育聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）高降解活性菌株

以PBS降解菌HJ03（Alternariasp．）为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变,透明圈初筛及PBS薄膜复筛,获得一株降解能力增强且对温度和pH耐受力均得到提高的突变株HJ10。与出发菌株相比,HJ10在培养初期气生菌丝少,而培养7d时菌落致密且生长速度较快。经过连续继代培养7代后发现,突变株的降解活力保持了良好的遗传稳定性,其降解率较出发菌株提高百分比达14．4％以上;在最适降解温度范围内（25℃～30℃）和不适宜降解的温度条件下突变菌株Ⅻ10的降解率均高于出发菌株;各pH条件下,突变株对PBS的降解能力明显优于出发菌株,尤其在pH5．0时降解率提高了22．80％。     

不同菌株同态发酵玉米秸秆生产饲料蛋白的比较研究

利用24株能够降解纤维素和木质素的菌种对玉米秸秆粉进行单菌株发酵、多菌株组合发酵以及不同氮源发酵生产饲料蛋白的比较研究。结果表明。结果表明：24株单菌株发酵中F－21的发酵产物真蛋白含量最高（平均为7．64％）;以F－5,F－17,F－21和F－24组成的多菌株发酵体系,经3d发酵后,发酵产物粗蛋白含量由2．80％提高到10．07％比原料本身的粗蛋白含量高259．6％;粗纤维含量由38．17％降低到36．07％,氨基酸总量由2．1％增加到5．7％,比原料本身高171．4％,且氮基酸种类齐全;尿素和（NH4）2SO4的添加量与发酵产物真蛋白含量的关系呈抛物线,对相同添加量以尿素效果较好,而在尿素中,2％的添加量为最好,聚类分析将24株单菌株发酵后真蛋白含量和对照分为4组,其中G3{F-1,F-21}发酵效果最好,G1{F-3,F-5,F-7,F-8,F-12,F-13,F-15,F-17,F-19,F-20,F-22}次之,G2{F-2,F-4,F-9,F-10,F-11,F-14,F-18,F-18,F-23,F-24}较差,G4{对照,F－16}最差。试验结果表明,由F－5,F－17,F－21和F－24组成的多菌株发酵体系为发酵秸秆生产饲料蛋白的优良菌株。     

Sphingobacterium bambusaue及其紫外诱变菌株的石油降解功能

【目的】研究Sphingobacterium bambusaue及其紫外诱变菌株的石油降解功能。【方法】紫外诱变后筛选石油降解高效菌株; 以不同石油浓度、pH值及盐浓度优化培养条件, 用重量法检测高效菌株石油降解率。【结果】发现菌株S. bambusaue在石油降解培养基中培养5 d的石油降解率为25.86%, UV诱变高效菌株IBFC2009-S3培养5 d的石油降解为42.85%, 比始发菌株提高65.7%; UV诱变菌株IBFC2009-S3的优化培养条件为石油浓度0.5 g/L、pH值7.0以及NaCl质量浓度为10 g/L, 其石油降解率可达50.51%。【结论】首次报道S. bambusaue具有石油降解功能; 紫外诱变获得的菌株S3的石油降解能力较强。     

耐温性L-谷氨酸发酵菌种的选育

应用基因组改组技术提高,L-谷氨酸生产菌在高温发酵条件下的谷氨酸产量。以天津短杆菌T6—13变异株SW07-1为原始亲株,分别经紫外线（UV）-硫酸二乙酯（DES）和X射线诱变,获得5株耐温性能略有提高的突变菌株。经2轮基因组改组,获得耐高温（能在44℃生长）的L-谷氨酸菌株F2-50。F2—50在38℃下,摇瓶发酵40h,发酵液中L-谷氨酸浓度比原始出发菌株提高了近41％,在41℃高温下,摇瓶发酵40h,L-谷氨酸浓度比原始出发菌株提高了近2倍。     

宁南霉素产生菌的选育和发酵条件研究

以诺尔斯链霉菌西昌变种(Streptomyces noursei var.richangensis),作为原始菌株,利用紫外线,32P.镅镀中子源复合因子处理．再经自然分离．获得．株纯化株16A-6 146—7-98—6-5简称16A-6—5)。此突变株在高氏一号琼脂等培养基上．其培养特征和形态特征与原始菌株有明显区别。在玉米粉、花生饼粉培养基中．起始pH7．2．28C．摇瓶振荡培养72小时,宁南霉素含量为5 500u／ml.效价比原始菌株提高5倍,因此认为该突变株有工业应用前景。     

产帕曲星菌株的选育、抗菌物质纯化及结构鉴定

链霉菌SIPI—A．2020是本实验室分离保藏的一株可能产生帕曲星的放线菌,本文对此菌株培养与发酵、抗菌活性物质的分离纯化及其结构验证进行了研究。经过菌种选育与发酵条件优化,与出发菌株相比,主要发酵产物X的发酵效价提高89．3％;通过对发酵液的分离纯化,得到了HPLC纯度分别为96．3％和95．6％的两个组分,经进一步UV、MS、NMR等分析,验证其为帕曲星B和帕曲星A。     

高产马杜霉素产生菌的诱变选育

研究马杜拉放线菌的筛选,比较代表5类不同诱变剂UV,EMS,LiCl+UV和NTG的处理效果,经摇瓶验证,用NTG处理后经过初筛、复筛得到摇瓶效价比对照菌株高91.5％的诱变菌株348＃,稳定性考查后,在2.5m~3和50m~3发酵罐上进行试生产,效果显著,菌种代谢速度加快,效价比对照罐高60％,主要组分A组分的含量由91％增长到96.5％,提高了经济效益。     

菜籽饼粕粗蛋白降解菌的筛选、初步鉴定与发酵条件摸索

在接种了诱变菌株A的未灭菌的菜籽饼粕发酵样品中筛选得到3株能以菜籽饼粕为原料生长的菌株,编号为S1、 S2、S3,3株菌种通过鉴定确定为圆孢芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和球形芽孢杆菌。通过设计正交实验摸索出这3株菌种和诱变 菌株A的最佳培养条件。对饼粕固体混合菌发酵进行了初步摸索和探讨。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.