ERRATA

p. 50. l. 19, for figures 6, 7 read figures 31, 32, plate 6,fig, 45 for x 11 read x 12.     

ERRATA

P. 65, line 8, for 86-215 lx read 8,50-21,50 lx P. 66, Table I, for 96 lx read 9,600 lx Table 2, All valuesof light intensity to be multiplied by 100 line 16, for 107lx read 10,700 lx line 17, for 107 lx read 10,700 lx P. 67, Table 3, All values of light intensity to be multipliedby 100 P. 68, Table 4, All values of light intensity to be multipliedby 100 Table 5, All values of light intensity to be multipliedby 100     

ERRATA

June Number: p. 276, last line, for 9–16 read 9–12. p. 279, l. 16, for Pterocera amantia read Pterocera aurantia.      

ERRATA

Page 678, line 3, for [4-¹⁴C] read [I-¹⁴C] Page 678, line 4, for [I-¹⁴C] read [4-¹⁴C] Page 679, line 17, for C-I of malate read C-4 of malate Page 679, line 18, for C-4 of malate read C-I of malate     

CORRIGENDUM

Vol. L, No. cxcviii. (April 1936). E. R. Saunders: On CertainFeatures of Floral Construction and Arrangement in the Malvaceae.p. 276, line 22: for pistil-stamen read petal-stamen     

ERRATUM

In Table 2 (page 626), in the paragraph beginning with the words‘10 min before zero time ....’, lines 2 and 4: for containing 50 µc ³H-acetate read containing 200 µc ³H-acetate     

ERRATA

page 13, legend to figure 14 : insert c, before two page 137, paragraph on Ampulla : for pulieum read pulicum page 145, line 6 from bottom : for versicolor (Gmelin) readversicolor Gmelin      

CORRIGENDUM

Page 156, line 18, for "Antwerp" (Anvers) read "Auvers, 17 milesnorth-west of Paris."     

九种蝗虫核型似近系数的聚类分析研究

应用核型似近系数聚类分析方法,研究了小稻蝗Oxya hyla intricata、山稻蝗O.Agav-isa、上海稻蝗O.Shanghaiensis无齿稻蝗O.Adentata、中华稻蝗O.Chisensis、日本稻蝗O.Japonica、短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis、奇异负蝗A.Pergrina和日本蚱Tetrix japonica等9种蝗虫的亲缘关系。结果显示,9种蝗虫分为3类：稻蝗,负蝗和蚱。6种稻蝗之间的核型似近系数(λ)在0.961～0.5695之间,2种负蝗的λ＝0.5867,日本蚱与这8种蝗虫的λ在0.5318～.0322。聚类图直观地反映出它们的亲缘关系与形态分类学的分类结果相一致。从9种蝗虫 的核型演化上看,日本蚱是较原始的类型,负蝗分化也较早,而稻蝗则是较进化的类型。     

Pheromone-regulated Genes Required for Yeast Mating Differentiation

Yeast cells mate by an inducible pathway that involves agglutination, mating projection formation, cell fusion, and nuclear fusion. To obtain insight into the mating differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we carried out a large-scale transposon tagging screen to identify genes whose expression is regulated by mating pheromone. 91,200 transformants containing random lacZ insertions were screened for β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression in the presence and absence of α factor, and 189 strains containing pheromone-regulated lacZ insertions were identified. Transposon insertion alleles corresponding to 20 genes that are novel or had not previously been known to be pheromone regulated were examined for effects on the mating process. Mutations in four novel genes, FIG1, FIG2, KAR5/ FIG3, and FIG4 were found to cause mating defects. Three of the proteins encoded by these genes, Fig1p, Fig2p, and Fig4p, are dispensible for cell polarization in uniform concentrations of mating pheromone, but are required for normal cell polarization in mating mixtures, conditions that involve cell–cell communication. Fig1p and Fig2p are also important for cell fusion and conjugation bridge shape, respectively. The fourth protein, Kar5p/Fig3p, is required for nuclear fusion. Fig1p and Fig2p are likely to act at the cell surface as Fig1:: β-gal and Fig2::β-gal fusion proteins localize to the periphery of mating cells. Fig4p is a member of a family of eukaryotic proteins that contain a domain homologous to the yeast Sac1p. Our results indicate that a variety of novel genes are expressed specifically during mating differentiation to mediate proper cell morphogenesis, cell fusion, and other steps of the mating process.     

Protein-O-glycosylation in yeast: protein-specific mannosyltransferases

S.cerevisiae contains at least six genes (PMT1–6) fordolicholphosphate-D-mannose: protein-O-D-mannosyltransferases.The in vivo mannosylation of seven O-mannosylated yeast proteinshas been analyzed in a number of pmt mutants. The results clearlyindicate that the various protein O-mannosyltransferases havedifferent specificities for protein substrates. Five of theproteins tested (chitinase, a-agglutinin, Kre9p, Bar1p, Pir2p/hsp150)are mainly underglycosylated in pmt1 and pmt2 mutants, wherebyqualitative differences exist among the various proteins. Twoof the O-mannosylated proteins (Ggp1p and Kex2p) are not atall affected in pmt1 and pmt2 mutants but are clearly underglycosylatedwhen PMT4 is mutated. Although the PMT4 gene product is shownto be responsible for O-mannosylating a Ser-rich region of Ggp1pin vivo, a penta-seryl-peptide is not an in vitro substratefor this transferase. A PMT3 mutation does affect O-manno-sylationof chitinase only in the genetic background of a pmt1pmt2 doublemutation, indicating that PMT1 and PMT2 can compensate for adeleted PMT3 gene. dolichol-phosphate PMT gene family protein glycosylation S. cerevisiae     

转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫及其内寄生蜂的双重效应

以含1%转基因（Cry1A+CpTI）抗虫棉“中抗310”棉叶粉的人工饲料为基础,建立一套抗虫棉 棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 棉铃虫幼虫内寄生蜂中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator和棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae的三级营养关系的研究系统,研究了转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫及内寄生蜂的双重效应,分析比较了6种状态的棉铃虫生长发育动态,以及寄生蜂的生长状况。结果表明,无论是否被寄生,抗虫棉对棉铃虫生长发育的抑制作用都非常显著;寄生取食抗虫棉饲料的棉铃虫的寄生蜂,其出茧率和茧重都显著下降,对于中红侧沟茧蜂,出茧率和茧重分别下降了26.1%和1.0 mg;对于棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂,分别下降了17.9%和5.1 mg。解剖寄主发现,两种寄生蜂在取食抗虫棉饲料的寄主体内发育缓慢并出现部分畸形幼蜂。棉铃虫幼虫血淋巴总蛋白含量和血淋巴蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明,取食抗虫棉饲料后,棉铃虫血淋巴总蛋白含量低于相应的对照,推测寄主血淋巴蛋白含量降低是导致寄生蜂生长缓慢、发育不正常的一个重要原因。     

Maintenance of mating cell integrity requires the adhesin Fig2p

Fungal adhesins represent a large family of serine/threonine-rich secreted glycoproteins. Adhesins have been shown to play roles in heterotypic and homotypic cell-cell adhesion processes, morphogenetic pathways and invasive/pseudohyphal growth, frequently in response to differentiation cues. Here we address the role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating-specific adhesin Fig2p. Cells lacking FIG2 possess a variety of mating defects that relate to processes involving the cell wall, including morphogenetic defects, cell fusion defects, and alterations in agglutination activities. We found that mating-specific morphogenetic defects caused by the absence of FIG2 are suppressible by increased external osmolarity and that, during mating, fig2Δ cells display reduced viability relative to wild-type cells. These defects result from alterations in signaling activated by the mating and cell integrity pathways. Finally, we show that fig2Δ zygotes also have defects in zygotic spindle positioning that are osmoremedial, whereas the requirements for FIG2 in normal cell-cell agglutination and cell fusion during mating are insensitive to changes in the extracellular osmotic environment. We conclude that FIG2 performs distinct functions in the mating cell wall that are separable with respect to their ability to be suppressed by changes in external osmolarity and that a fundamental role of FIG2 in mating cells is the maintenance of cell integrity.     

ERRATA

p. 1, 1. 23, for Specimens read Specimens. p. 58, last line, for 15th March, read 13th March. p. 60, 1. 2, for Toredo read Teredo. p. 141, 1. 35, for Plates I and II read Plates 13 and 14. p. 142, 1. 3, for Plate 4 read Plato 16. p. 142, 1. 4, for Plate 4, 5, read Plate 16, 5.      

A Novel Gene, ITM, Located between p57KIP2 and IPL, Is Imprinted in Mice

We searched for new imprinted genes using a positional cloningmethod in a region of human chromosome 11p15.5, which containsseveral imprinted genes including p57^KIP2 and IPL, and founda novel ITM gene located between p57^KIP2 and IPL. We also obtainedthe mouse homologue Itm in itss yntenic region of mouse chromosome7. In humans, its location is 17 kb centromeric to p57^KIP2 and3 kb telomeric to IPL, and in mice, 15 kb and 2.5 kb, respectively.They are expressed in most tissue, but especially in the kidneyand liver, and moderately in the heart, lung and testis. Miceexhibit a functional imprinting resulting in higher expressionof maternal alleles in fetal, newborn and most adult tissues,but it is biallelically expressed in the adult kidney and liverwhere expression is the highest. In addition to the discrepancybetween the level of expression and the strength of the imprint,Itm has several unusual features for an imprinted gene, includinglarge introns, moderate GC content and the absence of directrepeats. Our results will be helpful in understanding the intricateregulatory mechanism of imprinted genes.     

Scanning electron microscopy of Heterocapsa pygmaea sp. nov., and evidence for polyploidy as a speciation mechanism in dinoflagellates

The thecal morphology of three isolates of the marine dinoflagellateHeterocapsa pygmaea sp. nov. are here examined by manning electronand light microscopy. The thecal tabulation of these isolatesis p.p., c.p., 5', 3a, 7', 6c, a.s., r.s., l.a.s., l.p.s.,[?a.a.s. and p.a.s.], 5' ' and 2' ' and is identical to thatof H. niei and H. illdefina. The assignment of thecal platesto various series is based on interpretation of plate homologiesamong peridinioid genera. The above formula represents the basicpattern for Heterocapsa. The cell dimensions of four Heterocapsaspecies are determined; Heterocapsa pygmaea is the smallestspecies. Heterocapsa pygmaea differs from the next largest species,H. niei, in having approximately half the number of chromosomesand as such can be interpreted as a case of polyploidy. If so,this is the first evidence of polyploidy as a speciation mechanismin the Pyrrhophyta. ¹Present address: Department of Botany, Duke University, DurhamNorth Carolina 27706 ²Present address: The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University,Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138     

ERRATA

p. 210. alternatus ... This entry is out of alphabetical orderand should follow after alsiosus. p. 225. caracteristicus. For x read xi. p. 236. cutis-auguina. Read cutis-anguina. p. 247. fabula. After Chem. add ) p. 271. maculosus Sow. Delete 3*. p. 279. muriculatus Sow. Delete 1. p. 302. reissi. For Sauto read Santo. p. 311. stercutius. Delete full stop after as.     

DNA damage-induced [Zn(2+)](i) transients: correlation with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lymphoma cells

Reactive changes in free intracellularzinc cation concentration ([Zn²⁺]_i) weremonitored, using the fluorescent probe Zinquin, in human lymphoma cells exposed to the DNA-damaging agent VP-16. Two-photon excitation microscopy showed that Zinquin-Zn²⁺ formscomplexes in cytoplasmic vesicles. [Zn²⁺]_iincreased in both p53^wt (wild type) and p53^mut(mutant) cells after exposure to low drug doses. In p53^mutcells noncompetent for DNA damage-induced apoptosis, elevated [Zn²⁺]_i was maintained at higher drug doses,unlike competent p53^wt cells that showed a collapse of thetransient before apoptosis. In p53^wt cells, the[Zn²⁺]_i rise paralleled an increase in p53and bax-to-bcl-2 ratio but preceded an increase in p21^WAF1,active cell cycle arrest in G₂, or nuclear fragmentation.Reducing [Zn²⁺]_i, usingN,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, caused rapid apoptosis in both p53^wt andp53^mut cells, although cotreatment with VP-16 exacerbatedapoptosis only in p53^wt cells. This may reflectchanged thresholds for proapoptotic caspase-3 activation incompetent cells. We conclude that the DNA damage-induced transient isp53-independent up to a damage threshold, beyond which competent cellsreduce [Zn²⁺]_i before apoptosis.Early stress responses in p53^wt cells take place in anenvironment of enhanced Zn²⁺ availability.

     

Vegetable Plant Part Relationships. III. Modification of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Root and Shoot Weights by Gibberellic Acid and Daminozide

Aqueous foliar sprays of N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (daminozide)at 2000 p.p.m. and gibberellic acid (GA) at 100 p.p.m. wereapplied 45, 59, 82 and 100 days after sowing to Chantenay carrotswith population densities of 244, 495 and 883 plants m^–2.The plants were harvested on ten approximately weekly occasions;fresh weights were determined and d. wt estimates were obtainedfor the separated shoots (s) and roots (r). Allometric linearregressions of the logarithm of s on that of r at each harvestseparately, clearly showed that GA always increased shoot: rootratio and reduced root yield (by approximately 35 per cent)but could sometimes also increase whole-plant weight. Daminozideincreased root yield (by approximately 7 per cent from 80 tonnesha^–1) and tended to have effects opposite to those ofGA. Daucus carota L., carrot, root weight, shoot weight, N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (daminozide), gibberellic acid