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植物着丝粒结构和功能的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
着丝粒是真核生物有丝分裂和减数分裂染色体正确分离和传递所必需的染色体区域。十多年来, 已对包括拟南芥、水稻、玉米在内的一些植物的着丝粒进行了较深入的分子生物学研究。在不同的植物间, 着丝粒DNA的保守性很低, 呈现快速进化, 但着丝粒的DNA序列类型和组织方式基本相似, 一般是由夹杂排列着的卫星DNA串联重复阵列和着丝粒专一的反转录转座子构成。与着丝粒DNA相反, 着丝粒/着丝点的结构性和瞬时蛋白质在包括植物在内的真核生物中保守。与其他真核生物的情况一样, 拥有含着丝粒组蛋白H3(CENH3)的核小体是植物功能着丝粒染色质最基本的特征, CENH3在着丝粒染色质的识别和保持中起着关键作用。 相似文献
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人类染色体着丝粒蛋白研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人类染色体着丝粒蛋白研究进展朱学良(中国科学技术大学生物系合肥230026)1着丝粒、动植和着丝粒一动粒复合体细胞分裂过程中姐妹染色体的均等分离是一切生物赖以生长和繁殖的基础之一。着丝粒(centromere)是染色体位于初缢痕的部分,在光学显微镜下... 相似文献
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着丝粒核小体结构研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
着丝粒是构成真核生物染色体的必需元件。在细胞有丝分裂或减数分裂时,微管通过动粒与染色体着丝粒连接,参与细胞分裂的染色体分离与分配过程,使染色体平均分配到子细胞中。构成着丝粒的基本单位是着丝粒特异的核小体,与常规核小体不同的是着丝粒核小体中的组蛋白H3被其变种——着丝粒组蛋白H3所替换。最近几年,着丝粒核小体的结构成为细胞生物学研究的热点之一。该文综述了最近在多种真核生物研究中,通过体外和体内实验,提出的着丝粒核小体结构的八聚体、六聚体、同型四聚体以及半八聚体模型,并对着丝粒核小体结构的动态模型与功能的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
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本文讨论了着丝粒横裂和并合及其在高等植物染色体进化中的意义。着丝粒横裂和着丝粒并合是两个矛盾又辩证统一的过程,是染色体的基本变异形式之一,它们同时影响着植物类群的染色体基数、核型对称性、连锁关系、交叉频率和位点等细胞遗传学的重要方面.从而在高等植物染色体进化中起着重要作用,着丝粒和端粒的复制模型为着丝粒的横裂与并合提供了可能的机理,但尚待直接的生物化学证据的证实,原始基数的确定是判别着丝粒横裂与并合的关键。 相似文献
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着丝粒(centromere)是真核生物染色体的重要功能结构。在细胞有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中,着丝粒通过招募动粒蛋白行使功能,保障染色体正确分离和传递。真核生物中,含有着丝粒特异组蛋白的CenH3区域被定义为功能着丝粒区,即真正意义上的着丝粒。近年来,借助染色质免疫沉淀技术,人们对功能着丝粒DNA开展了深入研究,揭示其组成、结构及演化特征,并发现功能着丝粒区存在具有转录活性的基因,且部分基因具有重要生物学功能。由于存在大量重复DNA,着丝粒演化之谜一直未能完全揭示。对植物功能着丝粒DNA序列研究进展进行了概述,并重点阐述了着丝粒重复DNA研究的新方法和新进展,以期为深入开展相关研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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不良孕产夫妇着丝粒—动粒复合体的细胞遗传学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为研究不良孕产夫妇着丝粒-动粒复合体(centromere kinetochore complex,CKC)变异与不良孕产的相关性,探索不良孕产中非整倍体表成的细胞遗传学基础,应用改良的着丝粒点-核仁组织区(Cd-NOR)同步银染技术,分别对53对不明原因的不良孕产夫妇和57对已生育正常儿的正常夫妇外周血淋巴细胞染色体CKC变异类型及频率进行研究和分析。结果发现,不良孕产夫妇其小Cd,Cd消失、Cd迟滞和Cd-NOR融合频率均较正常对照组明显增高,两相比有显性差异(P<0.05)。CKC变异频率增高可能是导致不良孕产非整倍体形成的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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Lina Rustanti Hongping Jin Dongsheng Li Mary Lor Haran Sivakumaran David Harrich 《中国病毒学》2018,33(2):142-152
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme
responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare
the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show
that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by
distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of
demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least
one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of
the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable
potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs. 相似文献
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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献