中国直背蝗属一新种（直翅目：蝗科）

本文记述采自吉林省长白山蝗虫一新种,黄股直背蝗,新种Ｅｕｔｈｙｓｔｉｒａｌｕｔｅｉｆｅｍｏｒａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该新种近似短翅直背蝗Ｅｕｔｈｙｓｔｉｒａｂｒａｃｈｙｐｔｅｒａ（Ｏｃｓｋ．）。     

四川省坳蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科

本文记述采自四川省会理县网翅蝗科１新种──四川坳蝗Ａｕｌａｃｏｂｏｔｈｒｕｓｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存于山西大学生命科学系。     

青海省原金蝗属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文记述青海省蝗虫一新种－巴颜喀拉原金蝗Ｅｏｋｉｎｇｄｏｎｅｌｌａ ｂａｙａｎｈａｒｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种与西藏原金蝗Ｅｏｋｉｎｇｄｏｎｅｌｌａ ｔｉｂｅｔａｎａ（Ｍｉｓｔｓｈ．）及昌都原金蝗Ｅｏｋｉｎｇｄｏｎｅｌｌａ ｃｈａｎｇｔｕｎｉｃａ Ｙｉｎ近似。     

湖南省佯越蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

记述采自中国湖南省的佯越蝗属１新种－－黑胫佯越蝗Ｐａｒａｔｏｎｋｉｎａｃｒｉｓ ｎｉｇｒｉｔｉｂｉａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所（正模）及湖南教育学院生物系（副模）。     

横断山区斑腿蝗科二新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

１９９５年７—８月,在云南省西部横断山地区采到斑腿蝗科昆虫二新种,即高黎贡山凸额蝗,新种Ｔｒａｕｌｉａｇａｏｌｉｇｏｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎ．及苍山拟裸蝗,新种Ｃｏｎｏｐｈｙｍａｃｒｉｓｃａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎ．     

山西省六个负蝗种群的遗传多样性

用等位酶电泳分析方法对短额负蝗(A tractom orpha sinensis)和奇异负蝗(A tractom orpha p ereg rina)各3个自然种群10种酶(AAT,CK,G 3PD,HEX,IDH,LDH,M DH,M E,PG I,PGM)进行检测。结果显示:两种负蝗在某些基因座上共享常见的等位基因,如A a t-1-b、A a t-2-b、G 3p d-a、Ck-1-b和Ldh-b;除个别基因座在部分种群符合H ardy-W e inberg平衡外,两种负蝗的大多数基因座的基因型频率显著偏离H ardy-W e inberg平衡。此外,奇异负蝗M e-c(0.318~0.740)、短额负蝗H ex-1-a(0.800~1.000)及Ldh-b(0.487~0.750)等位基因频率呈现出由北向南递增的趋势,表明M e和H ex、Ldh基因座上的等位基因频率与地理分布存在一定的相关关系。短额负蝗平均每个基因座的等位基因数(A)为1.9~2.3、多态基因座百分率(P)为56.3%~68.8%、平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.072~0.096;而奇异负蝗的相应值依次为A=1.7~2.2,P=43.8~56.3%,Ho=0.070~0.107。从A、P和Ho3个参数可知,短额负蝗遗传多样性明显高于奇异负蝗。6个负蝗种群的平均观察杂合度均明显低于H ardy-W e inberg平衡预期值,表明6个负蝗种群均出现了杂合体缺乏现象。短额负蝗3种群I值为0.971~0.996,奇异负蝗3种群I值为0.982~0.995,短额负蝗与奇异负蝗I值为0.379~0.451,表明种内遗传相似度明显高于种间,从种间I值可知奇异负蝗和短额负蝗属于近缘种。根据R oger's遗传距离进行的聚类分析表明,两种负蝗可分为两支,且两种负蝗的遗传距离与地理距离均存在明显的相关趋势。两种负蝗的平均FST值都不显著偏离0值(奇异负蝗FST=0.087,p>0.05,短额负蝗FST=0.045,p>0.05),表明该两种负蝗种群间的分化不明显。     

甘肃省雏蝗属一新种记述（蝗总科：网翅蝗科）

本文记述了雏蝗属一新种：短角雏蝗（Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｐｕｓｂｒｅｖｉｃｏｒｎｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,采自甘肃省肃南县宝瓶河牧场。模式标本存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

湖南武陵山地区小蹦蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述了采自湖南武陵山区的小蹦蝗属ＰｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａＺｈｅｎｇ一新种,小尾小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｆｕｒｃｕｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ该新种近似于秦岭小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｔｓｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ）。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所蝗虫研究室。     

四种癞蝗精子的比较研究（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文通过对丽突鼻蝗ＲｈｉｎｏｔｍｅｔｈｉｓｐｕｌｃｈｒｉｓＸｉｅｔＺｈｅｎｇ、景泰突颜蝗ＥｏｔｍｅｔｈｉｓｊｉｎｔａｉｅｎｓｉｓＸｉｅｔＺｈｅｎｇ、友谊华癞蝗ＳｉｎｏｔｍｅｔｈｉｓａｍｉｃｕｓＢ．－Ｂｉｅｎｋｏｔ和短翅华癞蝗ＳｉｎｏｔｍｅｔｈｉｓｂｒａｃｈｙｐｔｅｒｕｓＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＸｉ精子的比较研究,发现它们的精子的线粒体衍生体超微形态结构及精子发生过程中第７、８两期精细胞线粒体衍生体周围微管排数十分相似,而在精子的外形长度、中心粒侧体超微形态结构及线粒体衍生体的大小等项特征方面存在着一定差异,这些差异只是在种间精子的鉴别方面有一定的意义,而不具有属级水平的鉴别意义。     

斑腿蝗科三个种类精子的比较研究：直翅目：蝗总科

本文通过对日本黄脊蝗Ｐａｔａｎｇａｊａｐｏｉｎｃａ（Ｉ．Ｂｄ）,短角直斑腿蝗ＳｔｅｎｏｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｓｍｉｓｔｓｈｅｎｋｏｉＷｉｌｌ和霍山蹦蝗ＳｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａｈｏｕｓｈａｎａＨｕａｎｇ精子的比较,发现了它们的精子的线粒体衍生体和中心粒侧体的超微形态结构十分相似,在精子发生过程中７、８两期精细胞线粒体衍生体周围微管的排数相一致,这３个种精子间的差异主要反映在外形头和尾的长度,线粒体衍生体的大     

三种蝗虫消化道贲门瓣形态比较

采用扫描仪和扫描电镜观察的方法对太原地区中华稻蝗、短额负蝗和东亚飞蝗的贲门瓣的形态结构进行了观察,并对其结构和功能进行了描述和分析.     

黄脸油葫芦与短额负蝗马氏管组织结构比较

采用组织学方法对直翅目剑尾亚目和锥尾亚目的两个物种--黄脸油葫芦Teleogryllus emma和短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis成虫的马氏管进行了观察,发现两者在着生位置、方式和细胞结构上存在明显不同.着生位置上,黄脸油葫芦的马氏管着生在后肠前端与后肠后端的交界处,短额负蝗的马氏管着生在中肠与后肠的交界处.着生方式上,黄脸油葫芦的马氏管是通过一根无色透明的公共管与肠道相通的,而短额负蝗的马氏管分为12丛,每一丛直接与肠道相连.细胞结构上,黄脸油葫芦的管壁由8个细胞构成,且集中在管的中央,与管壁有空隙;而短额负蝗的管壁由3～4个细胞组成,分散在管壁外围,有马氏管凸.     

短额负蝗的营养成分与利用评价

本文分析了短额负蝗AtractomorphasinensisBolivar的营养成分 ,包括蛋白质、氨基酸、总糖、粗脂肪、脂肪酸及维生素B1,B2 ,C和E。此种昆虫粗蛋白含量为 2 2 4 5 %～ 32 5 9% ,粗脂肪含量为 2 87%～4 91 % ,总糖为 0 0 95 %。在分析其营养价值的基础上 ,进行了开发利用评价。     

九种蝗虫核型似近系数的聚类分析研究

应用核型似近系数聚类分析方法,研究了小稻蝗Oxya hyla intricata、山稻蝗O.Agav-isa、上海稻蝗O.Shanghaiensis无齿稻蝗O.Adentata、中华稻蝗O.Chisensis、日本稻蝗O.Japonica、短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis、奇异负蝗A.Pergrina和日本蚱Tetrix japonica等9种蝗虫的亲缘关系。结果显示,9种蝗虫分为3类：稻蝗,负蝗和蚱。6种稻蝗之间的核型似近系数(λ)在0.961～0.5695之间,2种负蝗的λ＝0.5867,日本蚱与这8种蝗虫的λ在0.5318～.0322。聚类图直观地反映出它们的亲缘关系与形态分类学的分类结果相一致。从9种蝗虫 的核型演化上看,日本蚱是较原始的类型,负蝗分化也较早,而稻蝗则是较进化的类型。     

The synonymy and distribution of the crenulata-and psittacina-groups of Atractomorpha Saussure 1862 (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae)

A full bibliography and the known distributional range, illustrated by maps, are given for Atractomorpha himalayica Bolivar, A. crenulata (Fabricius), A. rhodoptera Karsch, A. angusta Karsch, A. sinensis Bolivar, A. lata (Motschoulsky) (= A. bedeli Bolivar), A. psittacina (Haan) and A. burri Bolivar. A. nipponica Steinmann is newly synonymized with the last. This completes the work for the genus, the aberrans- and crenaticeps-gcoups , and A. acutipennis (Guerin) of the creniWafa-group having been previously considered.     

短额负蝗精子发生过程中SBA受体的动态分布

用常规组织学方法观察短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar精子发生过程中生精细胞的显微结构,并以大豆凝集素(soybean agglutinin,SBA)为探针利用凝集素细胞化学方法研究该过程中N-乙酰半乳糖复合物的分布变化。结果表明,短额负蝗精子发生经历了精原细胞增殖期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精子细胞形成期和精子成熟期5个时期,在这5个时期中各期生精细胞的大小、形态、核染色体等变化明显。在整个精子发生过程中,N-乙酰半乳糖复合物出现于精原细胞期,并于精母细胞期发生明显的修饰和变化,精子形成期和成熟期没有N-乙酰半乳糖复合物的表达。提示,N-乙酰半乳糖复合物的修饰和变化与短额负蝗生精细胞的生长和分化密切相关。     

短额负蝗线粒体基因组及其lrRNA和srRNA二级结构分析

采用长距PCR扩增及保守引物步移法测定并注释了短额负蝗的线粒体基因组全序列。结果表明,短额负蝗的线粒体基因组全长15558bp,A T含量为74.3%,37个基因位置与飞蝗的一致,基因间隔序列共计11处64bp,间隔长度从1～16bp不等;有15对基因间存在51bp重叠,重叠碱基数在1～8bp之间。13个蛋白质编码基因中找到6种可能的起始密码子,有12个基因在基因3'端能找到完全的TAA或TAG终止密码子,只有ND5基因终止密码子为不完整的TA。除tRNASer(AGN)外,其余21个tRNA基因的二级结构均属典型的三叶草结构。tRNASer(AGN)的DHU臂缺失,在相应的位置上只形成一个环。预测的lrRNA二级结构总共有6个结构域(结构域Ⅲ缺失),49个茎环结构。预测的srRNA的二级结构包含3个结构域,33个茎环结构。A T丰富区中存在一个被认为与复制及转录起始有关的Ploy(T)(T-stretch)结构。     

Phytotoxic and antifungal metabolites from Curvularia sp. FH01 isolated from the gut of Atractomorpha sinensis

Two main phytotoxic and antifungal phthalic acid butyl isobutyl ester (1) and radicinin (2) were isolated from the culture of Curvularia sp. FH01, a fungus residing in the Atractomorpha sinensis gut. The structures of isolated metabolites were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Metabolites 1 and 2 exhibited significant phytotoxic activity against the radical growth of Echinochloa crusgalli with their IC(50) values of 61.9 and 5.9 μg/mL, respectively, which were comparable to that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.0 μg/mL) used as a positive control. The antifungal test results showed that compound 2 possessed strong antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea (IC(50)=16.3 μg/mL) and Valsa mali (IC(50)=18.2 μg/mL). The findings of the present study suggest that bioactive properties of the fungus FH01 can be attributed to its major components, phthalic acid butyl isobutyl ester and radicinin, and both agents have a potential to be used as herbicide and fungicide.     

Genetic diversity of six populations of Atractomorpha sinensis and Atractomorpha peregrina in Shanxi Province, China

Ten enzymes (AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper species Atractomorpha sinensis and A.peregrina from Shanxi,China.The collecting sites were geographically distant from each other from south to north:Quwo district,Linfen city;Xiangyuan county,Changzhi;Jinyuan district,Taiyuan city;Yuanping county,Xinzhou city and Fanshi county of Xinzhou.A.sinensis showed 43 alleles at 16 loci but A.peregrine showed 39 alleles at 15 loci (ldh-1 was deficient).The zymograms showed that some common alleles were shared at several loci in these two species (Aat-1-b,Aat-2-b,G3pdh-a,Ck-1-b and Ldh-b).However,Hex-1-a,Hex-2-a,Hex-3-a,Idh-2-b,Mdh-2-b,Mdh-1-f Pgi-b,Pgm-b had common alleles in A.sinensis and Hex-1-b,Hex-2-b,Hex-3-b,Idh-2-a,Mdh-2-a,Mdh-1-d,Pgi-a,Pgm-c were of high frequency in A.peregrine instead.Most of the observed genotype frequencies were found to significantly deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both species.A tendency of clinal distribution of allele frequency was observed at three loci.The frequency of the moderately migrating allele Me-c (0.318-0.740)in A.peregrina,Hex-1-a (0.800-1.000)and Ldh-b (0.487-0.750)in A.sinensis demonstrated increased frequency from north to south.Such tendency suggests that the allele frequency in these three loci may be correlated with the species'geographic distributions.A.sinensis showed higher genetic diversity than A.peregrina as indicated by higher mean number of alleles per locus (A=1.9-2.3 in A.sinensis and 1.7-2.2 in A.peregrina),percentage of polymorphic loci (56.3%-68.8%in A.sinensis and 43.8%-56.3%in A.peregrina),and the observed heterozygosities (Ho=0.072-0.096 in A.sinensis and 0.070-0.107 in A.peregrina).The observed heterozygosities of the six populations were all noticeably lower than the Hardy-Weinberg expectations,mostly due to heterozygote deficiency in the populations of both species.The overall mean Fsr were small (FST=0.045,P＞0.05 in A.sinensis populations and 0.087,P＞0.05 in A.peregrina populations).Nei's genetic identity (I)estimates indicate low intraspecific (＞0.95)but higher interspecific (0.377-0.447)genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on modified Roger's genetic distance (D)showed that the two species were divided into two branches.Both species are of limited dispersal capacity and a moderate geographical barrier might significantly restrict the gene exchange among populations,resulting in accumulation of local genetic differentiations.The A.sinensis populations used in this study were separated from each other by 155.2 to 271.4 km and the A.peregrina populations were separated from each other by 78.8 to 174.9 km with observable physical barriers.The aUozyme data showed only minimal genetic differentiation at population level,most likely as a result of gene exchange.It is reasoned that natural factors and human agricultural activities might have facilitated migration and dispersal for the two species.