共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Heidi J. Renninger Justin J. Pitts Randall J. Rousseau 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2023,15(1):99-112
Genetic improvement and hybridization in the Populus genus have led to the development of genotypes exhibiting fast growth, high rooting ability and disease resistance. However, while large biomass production is important for bioenergy crops, efficient use of resources including water is also important in sites lacking irrigation and for maintaining ecosystem water availability. In addition, comparison of water use strategies across a range of growth rates and genetic variability can elucidate whether certain strategies are shared among the fastest growing and/or most water use efficient genotypes. We estimated tree water use throughout the second growing season via sapflow sensors of 48 genotypes from five Populus taxa; P. deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall × P. deltoides (D × D), P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii A. Henry (D × M), P. deltoides × P. nigra L. (D × N), P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa Torr. & Gray (D × T) and P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides (T × D) and calculated average canopy stomatal conductance (GS). We regressed GS and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) wherein the slope of the relationship represents stomatal sensitivity to VPD. At the end of the second growing season, trees were harvested, and their dry woody biomass was used to calculate whole tree water use efficiency (WUET). We found that D × D and D × M genotypes exhibited differing water use strategies with D × D genotypes exhibiting high stomatal sensitivity while retaining leaves while D × M genotypes lost leaf area throughout the growing season but exhibited low stomatal sensitivity. Across measured taxa, biomass growth was positively correlated with WUET, and genotypes representing each measured taxa except D × N and T × D had high 2-year dry biomass of above 6 kg/tree. Overall, these data can be used to select Populus genotypes that combine high biomass growth with stomatal sensitivity and WUET to limit the negative impacts of bioenergy plantations on ecosystem water resources. 相似文献
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Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) belong to the section Populus. Eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides) is a member of the section Aigeiros within the genus Populus. These poplar sections are generally considered to be incompatible. Here, we describe successful hybridisation between these
parents, producing an offspring family with 27 individuals. The hybrid character of individuals was proven by genotypes at
16 nuclear microsatellite loci. One individual was suspected to have more than the diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38 due
to the observation of more than two alleles at several loci. This individual is a triploid, ascertained by flow cytometry.
Two distinct growth classes of tall and dwarf plants were observed in the progeny, reflecting different degrees of postzygotic
incompatibility. Two loci linked to the tested microsatellites have an effect on height growth. Some fast-growing individuals
were micropropagated to test them for biomass performance together with other clones in field trials. 相似文献
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This study evaluates the effect of water availability on tolerance and resistance to the aphid Chaitophorus leucomelas by clones of the double hybrid [(Populus trichocarpa × P. maximowiczii Henry) × (P. trichocarpa × P. maximowiczii)] (TM × TM), a hybrid that was previously described as resistant to this aphid. In a 2 × 2 experimental design implemented
in a nursery, we were able to assess growth (branch length, number of leaves and branch base diameter) in saplings reared
in the natural presence of aphids (natural aphid damage) and aphid-controlled conditions (undamaged) under both well-watered
and drought stress conditions. We found that resistance was reduced under drought stress conditions, while tolerance in branch
length was increased. Cost of resistance was detected as clones displaying higher tolerance grew less in the absence of aphids,
whereas no evidence of costs associated with tolerance was found in any of the growth traits measured, A genetic trade-off
between tolerance and resistance was detected, but this trade-off was not affected by water availability. Considering the
average response of both defence strategies, well-watered trees seem to allocate more resources to resistance than to tolerance,
whereas drought-stressed trees allocate more to tolerance than to resistance. This suggests that tolerance would imply a lower
cost than resistance, and the shift to either strategy could be modulated by resource availability. 相似文献
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We describe a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of hybrid cottonwoods (Populus sections Tacamahaca Spach. and Aigeiros Duby). The protocol has allowed routine transformation of several economically important
cottonwood hybrids (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray×P. deltoides Bartr. ex. Marsh. and P. deltoides×P. nigra L.) that were previously difficult to transform. The procedure was applied to 11 different hybrid cottonwood genotypes and
one P. deltoides genotype using kanamycin as the selection agent. Additional experiments showed a very strong interaction between auxin preculture
and the effectiveness of various cytokinins for induction of shoot organogenesis. The data also demonstrated the superiority
of Agrobacterium strain EHA105 over C58 and LBA4404 for T-DNA transfer based on transient assays with a reporter gene.
Received: 16 June 1998 / Revision received: 5 February 1999 / Accepted: 14 April 1999 相似文献
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Many economically important species of Populus, especially those in sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca, remain recalcitrant to genetic transformation. In this study, a simple and reliable protocol was developed for the efficient
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a difficult-to-transform, but commercially viable, hybrid poplar Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry (NM6). A plant transformation vector designed to express the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was used to detect transformation
events at early stages of plant regeneration and to optimize parameters affecting poplar transformation. The use of zeatin
riboside in shoot-induction medium, regeneration of shoots via indirect organogenesis, and early selection pressure were the
major modifications that drastically improved the efficiency of poplar transformation and minimized the number of untransformed
regenerants. Transgenic shoots were routinely obtained 4–10 weeks after co-culture with A. tumefaciens, with a greater than 90% rate of plant recovery. Stable transgene integration, ranging from a single insertion to ten copies
per genome, was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The mean transformation frequency was 36.3% and about two-thirds of the
lines had 1–2 transgene copies. Among the explants, petioles and leaves had a higher transformation frequency than did stem
segments. Growth characteristics and the morphology of transgenic poplar plants were identical to untransformed controls.
These findings will accelerate the development of P. nigra × P. maximowiczii plants with novel traits, and may also be useful to improve transformation procedures for other Populus species. 相似文献
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Large effect quantitative trait loci for salicinoid phenolic glycosides in Populus: Implications for gene discovery 下载免费PDF全文
Scott A. Woolbright Brian J. Rehill Richard L. Lindroth Stephen P. DiFazio Gregory D. Martinsen Matthew S. Zinkgraf Gerard J. Allan Paul Keim Thomas G. Whitham 《Ecology and evolution》2018,8(7):3726-3737
Genomic studies have been used to identify genes underlying many important plant secondary metabolic pathways. However, genes for salicinoid phenolic glycosides (SPGs)—ecologically important compounds with significant commercial, cultural, and medicinal applications—remain largely undescribed. We used a linkage map derived from a full‐sib population of hybrid cottonwoods (Populus spp.) to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the SPGs salicortin and HCH‐salicortin. SSR markers and primer sequences were used to anchor the map to the V3.0 P. trichocarpa genome. We discovered 21 QTL for the two traits, including a major QTL for HCH‐salicortin (R2 = .52) that colocated with a QTL for salicortin on chr12. Using the V3.0 Populus genome sequence, we identified 2,983 annotated genes and 1,480 genes of unknown function within our QTL intervals. We note ten candidate genes of interest, including a BAHD‐type acyltransferase that has been potentially linked to PopulusSPGs. Our results complement other recent studies in Populus with implications for gene discovery and the evolution of defensive chemistry in a model genus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a full‐sib mapping population to identify QTL intervals and gene lists associated with SPGs. 相似文献
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M. Gaudet V. Jorge I. Paolucci I. Beritognolo G. Scarascia Mugnozza M. Sabatti 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(1):25-36
Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is a tree of ecological and economic interest. A better knowledge of P. nigra genome is needed for an effective protection and use of its genetic resources. The main objective of this study is the construction
of a highly informative genetic map of P. nigra species including genes of adaptive and economic interest. Two genotypes originated from contrasted natural Italian populations
were crossed to generate a F1 mapping pedigree of 165 individuals. Amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to genotype 92 F1 individuals, and the pseudo-test-cross strategy was applied for linkage analysis. The female parent map included 368 markers
(274 AFLPs, 91 SSRs, and 3 SNPs) and spanned 2,104 cM with 20 linkage groups, and the male parent map, including 317 markers
(205 AFLPs, 106 SSRs, 5 SNPs, and sex trait), spanned 2,453 cM with 23 main linkage groups. The sex, as morphological trait,
was mapped on the linkage group XIX of the male parent map. The generated maps are among the most informative in SSRs when
compared to the Populus maps published so far and allow a complete alignment with the 19 haploid chromosomes of Populus sequence genome. These genetic maps provide informative tools for a better understanding of P. nigra genome structure and genetic improvement of this ecologically and economically important European tree species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Xiao-Hong Guo Jing Jiang Shi-Jie Lin Bai-Chen Wang Yu-Cheng Wang Gui-Feng Liu Chuan-Ping Yang 《Biotechnology letters》2009,31(7):1079-1087
The ThCAP gene, which encodes a cold acclimation protein, was isolated from a Tamarix hispida NaCl-stress root cDNA library; its expression patterns were then assayed by qRT-PCR in different T. hispida tissues treated with low temperature (4°C), salt (400 mM NaCl), drought (20% PEG6000) and exogenous abscisic acid (100 μM).
Induction of ThCAP gene was not only responsive to different stress conditions but was also organ specific. When transgenic Populus (P. davidiana × P. bolleana) plants were generated, expressing ThCAP under regulation of the cauliflower mosaic virus CaMV 35S promoter, they had a greater resistance to low temperature than
non-transgenic seedlings, suggesting that ThCAP might play an important role in cold tolerance. 相似文献
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Zhaoshan Wang Shuhui Du Selvadurai Dayanandan Dongsheng Wang Yanfei Zeng Jianguo Zhang 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Populus (Salicaceae) is one of the most economically and ecologically important genera of forest trees. The complex reticulate evolution and lack of highly variable orthologous single-copy DNA markers have posed difficulties in resolving the phylogeny of this genus. Based on a large data set of nuclear and plastid DNA sequences, we reconstructed robust phylogeny of Populus using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The resulting phylogenetic trees showed better resolution at both inter- and intra-sectional level than previous studies. The results revealed that (1) the plastid-based phylogenetic tree resulted in two main clades, suggesting an early divergence of the maternal progenitors of Populus; (2) three advanced sections (Populus, Aigeiros and Tacamahaca) are of hybrid origin; (3) species of the section Tacamahaca could be divided into two major groups based on plastid and nuclear DNA data, suggesting a polyphyletic nature of the section; and (4) many species proved to be of hybrid origin based on the incongruence between plastid and nuclear DNA trees. Reticulate evolution may have played a significant role in the evolution history of Populus by facilitating rapid adaptive radiations into different environments. 相似文献
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Hybrids of willow (Salix spp.) are today grown as biomass crops for energy in several cool-temperate regions including Sweden. These trees have great
growth potential also under warmer climates, but may suffer from drought and heat. Research on tree growth under drought has
often focused on the responses to permanent water stress. Less attention has been paid to the effects of temporary water stress
on tree growth, although periods of strong water shortage are recurrent in many regions of the world. We performed a greenhouse
experiment to assess the impact of five treatments including permanent (PWS; 30 days of water shortage) and temporary (TWS;
4–12 days of water shortage followed by normal watering) water stress on growth and leaf traits of 15 Salix genotypes. Plant biomass and height increment decreased across treatments in the order control (well-watered) > TWS > PWS,
but there was also a significant genotype × treatment interaction. The pattern in growth traits was not directly reflected
by the leaf traits, for which there was no significant genotype × treatment interaction (except for leaf angle). The significant
genotype × treatment interactions for growth traits indicate a potential for breeding. Permanent water shortage does not necessarily
represent an appropriate environment for the selection of genotypes for environments characterised by temporary water stress. 相似文献
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Birte Pakull Katrin Groppe Matthias Meyer Torsten Markussen Matthias Fladung 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(3):505-515
A large number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-containing genetic maps are available for several Populus species. For aspen however, no SSR-containing map has been published so far. In this study, genetic linkage mapping was carried
out with an interspecific mapping pedigree of 61 full-sib hybrids of European × quaking aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.), using the two-way pseudo-testcross strategy. Amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) and SSR markers were
used for mapping, resulting in the first SSR-containing genetic linkage maps for aspen. The maps allow comparisons with a
Populus consensus map and other published genetic maps of the genus Populus. The maps showed good collinearity to each other and to the Populus consensus map and provide a direct link to the Populus trichocarpa genomic sequence. Sex as a morphological trait was assessed in the mapping population and mapped on a non-terminal position
of linkage group XIX on the male P. tremuloides map. 相似文献
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Josefa Gómez‐Maldonado Isabelle Lesur Noe Fernández‐Pozo Marina Rueda‐López Dario Guerrero‐Fernández Vanessa Castro‐Rodríguez Hicham Benzekri Rafael A. Cañas María‐Angeles Guevara Andreia Rodrigues Pedro Seoane Caroline Teyssier Alexandre Morel François Ehrenmann Grégoire Le Provost Céline Lalanne Céline Noirot Christophe Klopp Isabelle Reymond Angel García‐Gutiérrez Jean‐François Trontin Marie‐Anne Lelu‐Walter Celia Miguel María Teresa Cervera Francisco R. Cantón Christophe Plomion Luc Harvengt Concepción Avila M. Gonzalo Claros Francisco M. Cánovas 《Plant biotechnology journal》2014,12(3):286-299
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Oaks (Quercus spp.) represent the most important broadleaf genus with respect to forest-shaping tree species in the Mediterranean. Considering future climate scenarios (increased drought conditions), the identification of drought tolerant oak species is of great importance for future forest management in this region. The objective of the study was the comparison of physiological status of three economically and ecologically valuable oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus frainetto and Quercus pubescens) co-existing in natural coppice stands in NE Greece, in response to seasonal drought stress. Measurements were conducted between June and September 2016, every 15–20 days until leaf falling. The parameters studied were predawn leaf water potential and fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves (OJIP test), chlorophyll content, and relative water content. Meteorological data from the area were also collected. Photosynthetic parameters such as performance indices (PIabs and PItot) reacted to summer drought conditions, with Q. frainetto showing the lowest values. The discrepancy between species increased with duration of drought period. Q. frainetto revealed the lowest predawn water potential values. The results indicate that Q. frainetto is less suitable for future forestry applications in the studied climate/elevation zone than Q. pubescens and Q. ilex. 相似文献