疣蝗和黑条小车蝗的寄生虫一新种——疣蝗微粒子虫(微孢子门:微粒子科)

本文报道寄生于疣蝗和黑条小车蝗的一种微粒子虫的光镜和电镜形态特征及寄生习性,定为新种。     

榆绿毛萤叶甲寄生微粒子虫新种记述：微孢子门：微粒子科

本文记述寄生于榆绿毛萤叶甲的一种微粒子虫新种的光匀和电镜形态特征及寄生习性。并讨论了新种鉴别特性。     

疣蝗和黑条小车蝗的寄生虫一新种—疣蝗微粒子虫：微孢子门：微粒…

本文报道寄生于疣蝗和黑条小车蝗的一种微粒子虫的光镜和电镜形态特征及寄生习性，定为新种。     

龙眼裳卷蛾微粒子虫的发现和对家蚕的影响

龙眼裳卷蛾ＣｅｒａｃｅｓｔｉｐａｔａｎａＷａｌｋｅｒ患微粒子病和该病原对家蚕有感染性、致病性在国内外尚未见到研究报道。国内除《中国森林昆虫》［１］中有龙眼裳卷蛾记述外,国际检索仅查到尼泊尔记录卷蛾总科中有一新亚种Ｃｅｒａｃｅｓｔｉｐａｔａｎａｎｅｐａ...     

家蚕微粒子虫分泌蛋白己糖激酶NbHK对家蚕基因表达及相关通路的调控作用

【目的】微孢子虫是一种营专性细胞内寄生的微生物,它可以感染几乎所有动物种类,包括人类和重要的经济动物。本研究对家蚕微粒子虫分泌蛋白己糖激酶(Nosema bombycis hexokinase, NbHK)在家蚕胚胎细胞中表达特征、亚细胞定位、调控作用和宿主互作蛋白质进行了系统分析,为阐明该蛋白在侵染中的作用与机理提供参考。【方法】利用原核表达蛋白免疫小鼠,制备NbHK的多克隆抗体,并利用Western blotting和间接免疫荧光法分析家蚕微粒子虫在感染的家蚕胚胎细胞(Bombyx mori embryo, BmE)中的表达和定位;通过过表达和RNA干扰实验,分析NbHK对病原增殖的作用;利用RNA-seq分析NbHK调控的家蚕基因表达和通路;利用生物素-链霉亲和素系统和质谱技术,从NbHK::APEX2转基因细胞中分离鉴定NbHK的互作蛋白。【结果】在感染家蚕微粒子虫的BmE中,NbHK持续上调表达,主要被定位于宿主细胞核内。过表达NbHK显著促进了病原增殖,而敲低NbHK则明显抑制了病原增殖,说明在NbHK感染过程中发挥关键作用。利用RNA-seq分析鉴定了94个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs),其中58个基因上调,36个基因下调。DEGs的富集分析显示,细胞寿命和内质网蛋白加工通路受到显著激活,而线粒体自噬途径受到明显抑制。互作蛋白鉴定分析发现,NbHK可能与宿主细胞核内的核蛋白易位启动子区(nucleoprotein translocated promoter region, NTPR)等蛋白间存在相互作用。【结论】NbHK主要被定位至家蚕细胞核中,调控家蚕细胞寿命等多个重要通路的基因表达,以利于病原增殖。本研究为深入解析NbHK在感染过程中的功能及其调控机理提供了新的参考。     

不同消毒方法对家蚕微粒子的存活和侵染力影响

家蚕微粒子病是家蚕Bombyx mori的重要病害,探索其消毒杀灭方法对蚕业生产具有重要意义。本研究采用微粒子染色法和添食家蚕侵染法测试了温度、紫外线和消毒剂处理108个/mL家蚕微粒子后对家蚕微粒子的消杀作用,结果表明：温度对家蚕微粒子虫灭活温度为60℃处理30 min以上;使用20 wx功率紫外灯距离50 cm照射12 min及以上时,微粒子死亡率为47.70%,对家蚕侵染率为0;三氯异氰脲酸800 mg/L及以上浓度处理6 min以上家蚕微粒子死亡率为100%,对家蚕的侵染率为0;戊二醛癸甲溴铵200 mg/L及以上浓度处理6 min以上家蚕微粒子死亡率为100%,对家蚕的侵染率为0。3种消毒方法中温度法主要用于小型蚕具消杀微粒子;紫外线用于蚕业辅助设施的表面微粒子的消杀;三氯异氰脲酸和戊二醛癸甲溴铵均表现出较好的消杀效果,其中戊二醛癸甲溴铵较含氯的消毒剂三氯异氰脲酸稳定性强,刺激性小,对养蚕的金属腐蚀性小,可作为含氯消毒剂的部分替代使用。本研究结果可为蚕业生产中消杀微粒子提供参考。     

微粒子虫属二新种(微孢子门:微粒子科)

1982年我们从广西、贵州等地稻纵卷叶螟体内曾检出微孢子虫孢子,近年对这种微孢子虫进行了研究,发现是一种新的微粒子虫。我国玉米螟微粒子虫曾被认为是Nosemapyraustae(Paillot,1928)Wieser(问锦曾,1965),但近年作者等观察我国几个省区孢子样本的超微构造,并和美国N. pyrausta(Paillot)直接作了形态学与病理学比较,发现它也是微粒子虫属一新种。本文将这两新种作一记述。新种模式玻片标本保存在北京,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所。     

蚕种微粒子病检测中存在的问题及对策探究

蚕业的生产安全问题至关重要,本文首先从蚕种生产的角度介绍了我国蚕种微粒子病的产生原因,并揭示了在当前微粒子病检测中存在的问题,提出了相应的解决对策,以期提高微粒子病抽检结果的准确性和真实性。     

韩国开发出磁性微粒子药物载体

据韩国《联合新闻》网站报道,韩国研究人员研制出一种装配型磁性微粒子药物载体,可使药物经血液循环在癌细胞周围集中释放,韩国科学技术研究院（KIST）科学研究中心权益赞博士与研究人员在制作的空脏微粒子乙二醇壳聚糖（HGC）里放入抗癌剂,并注射到有癌细胞的白鼠身上,实验确定抗癌剂只在癌细胞周围持续释放。     

诊断桑蚕微粒子病的新仪器:显微直读仪

简介了显微直读仪的原理和结构,并介绍了应用显微直读仪代替普通显微镜检查桑蚕微粒子孢子的方法.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.