应用套式PCR对恶性卡他热病毒在不同动物体内变异的研究

应用本实验建立的三组套式ＰＣＲ（ＰＣＲ１、２、３）和一组以前报道的套式ＰＣＲ（ＰＣＲ４）,对５９份外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）ＤＮＡ样品进行了恶性卡他热病毒（Ｍａｌｉｇｎａｎｔｃａｔａｒｒｈａｌｆｅｖｅｒｖｉｒｕｓ,ＭＣＦＶ）核酸序列的检测。这些样品来自５１只羊,以及与羊接触而发病的６头牛和２只鹿。除ＰＣＲ４外,其它三组ＰＣＲ都能扩增现有４个角马型ＭＣＦＶ分离株。有６只羊在４组ＰＣＲ中都呈阴性,其余５３份样品经ＰＣＲ４检测均呈阳性。ＰＣＲ１只能从４５只羊体检出ＭＣＦＶＤＮＡ,未能从牛和鹿体检出病毒ＤＮＡ。ＰＣＲ２检测的所有样品均呈阴性。在ＰＣＲ３扩增中,除２头牛外,其它５１份样品均呈阳性。通过Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和限制性酶切分析,对ＰＣＲ１－４产物的特异性进行了鉴定。此外,敏感性实验表明,四组ＰＣＲ的差异也不明显。因此,本实验结果说明ＭＣＦＶ基因组在不同种动物之间发生了变异,羊体内的变异株可能是导致其它反刍动物发病的病原     

应用套式PCR选择性卡他热病毒在不同动物体内变异的研究

应用本实验建立的三组套式ＰＣＲ（ＰＣＲ１、２、３）和一组以前报道的套式ＰＣＲ（ＰＣＲ４）,对５９份外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）ＤＮＡ样品进行了恶性卡他病毒核酸序列的检测。这些样品来自５１只羊,以及与羊接触而发病的６头牛和２只鹿。除ＰＣＲ４外,其它三组ＰＣＲ都能扩增现有４个角马型ＭＣＦＶ分离株。有６只羊在４组ＰＣＲ中都呈阴性,其余５３份样品经ＰＣＲ４检测均呈阳性。ＰＣＲ１只有从４５只羊体检出ＭＣＦＶＤＮ     

套式PCR检测婴幼儿巨细胞病毒感染

本文采用套式ＰＣＲ（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）技术对６１例婴儿肝炎综合征（Ｎｅｏｎａｔａｌｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ）患者进行了ＨＣＭＶ（Ｈｕｍａｎｃｙｔｏｍｅｇａｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ）检测,结果表明,当只用一对引物进行ＰＣＲ时,检出３３例患者为ＨＣＭＶ阳性,阳性检出率为５４．１％;而采用套式ＰＣＲ后,有１７例为ＨＣＭＶ阳性,阳性检出率提高到７７．０％。可见套式ＰＣＲ方法的阳性检出率明显高于单一ＰＣＲ,并远高于目前使用的其它方法。同时也说明ＨＣＭＶ是导致肝炎综合征的主要病原体之一。此外,灵敏性和特异性试验表明,套式ＰＣＲ技术的敏感度高、特异性强、简单快速,在临床检测和诊断中具有很大的潜力。     

PCR技术在三种男性性病检测中的应用

本文用聚合酶链反应ＰＣＲ技术对３６９例男性泌尿生殖道炎患者进行淋球菌（ＮＧ）,解脲支原体（ＭＰＵ）和沙眼衣原体（ＣＴ）的检测,阳性率分别为３５．５％,３０．５％和１１．６％,同时,我们对高度怀疑为淋病患者７４例及６３例非淋病性尿道炎患者进行细菌培养和ＰＣＲ的同时检测,淋病患者细菌培养阳性检测率为３１．１％,与９２-９４年间所进行的培养检测结果基本一致,均低于ＰＣＲ检测结果（７７．１％）,解脲支原体培养阳性率为１７．５％,亦明显低于ＰＣＲ结果（３０．５％）,此外,对同一患者进行ＮＧ＋ＭＰＵ和ＭＰＵ＋ＣＴＰＣＲ检测,发现约４０％的淋病患者并发ＭＰＵ感染,而ＭＰＵ和ＣＴ复合感染亦在１０％左右。上述结果说明ＰＣＲ方法在性病病原体的诊断中比细菌培养法更为可靠,特别是在多种病原体复合感染情况下更为有效。     

利用MPCR方法快速检测植物转基因背景

利用复合ＰＣＲ（Ｍｕｌｙｉｐｌｅｘ ＰＣＲ－ＭＰＣＲ）技术对植物的转基因背景进行检测。经过对ＤＮＡ方法的选择,对各种ＰＣＲ程序的比较以及对引物的修饰,建立了一种快速检测植物转基因情况的技术;利用该技术对５个大豆样品,６个豆粕样品进实验检测,同时利用普通ＰＣＲ方法对上述样品进行检测,两者的结果完全符合。     

GM_3对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞磷脂代谢转换率的影响

神经节苷脂ＧＭ_３对小鼠腹腔常驻巨噬细胞（Ｒ－Ｍ）和Ｇｅ－１３２体内激活的巨噬细胞（Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ）的磷脂代谢转换有显著的影响,当这两种Ｍ在体外用ＧＭ_３处理时,表现出［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］肌醇参入ＰＩ降低,参入ＰＩＰ、ＰＩＰ_２增加;但在［￣（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ和［￣３Ｈ］胆碱参入ＰＣ上,Ｒ－Ｍ与Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ不同,即ＧＭ_３促进同位素前体参入Ｒ－Ｍ的ＰＣ,抑制它们参入Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ的ＰＣ．以上结果表明ＧＭ３可能提高了ＰＩ或ＰＩＰ的磷酸激酶的活性,致使［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩＰ和［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩＰ_２增多,［￣（３２）Ｐ］ＰＩ减少．激活的Ｍ（Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ）本身ＰＣ代谢转换率较Ｒ－Ｍ高,当Ｇｅ－１３２－Ｍ再受ＧＭ_３刺激,ＰＣ代谢转换率降低,这提示ＧＭ_３对激活的Ｍ的ＰＣ代谢转换有调节作用．     

原位多聚酶链反应在人巨细胞病毒诊断中的应用

逝年来人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染率高,检测方法进展人,有巨细胞包涵体细胞（ＣＣＩＣ）检测、病毒分离、免疫检测、原位杂交（ＩＳＨ）、多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）等法。目前有人把ＩＳＨ与ＰＣＲ结合创立了原位多聚酶链反应法（ＩＳＰＣＲ）,此法更准确、更敏感特异,更有地ＨＣＭＶ感染的早期快速诊断。本文就ＩＳＰＣＲ的原理、程序、特征主临床应用作一综述。     

多聚酶链反应在耐新青霉素Ⅰ金黄色葡萄球菌感染诊断中的应用

多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）是８０年代后期发展起来的先进的体外基因复制技术,用ＰＣＲ技术检测各种病原体具有高度灵敏、特异,且简便、快速的特点。本文就ＰＣＲ在耐新青霉素Ⅰ金黄色葡萄球菌（ＭＲＳＡ）感染诊断中的应用作一综述。     

构建遗传图的新方法:单精子PCR分型技术

构建遗传图的新方法———单精子ＰＣＲ分型技术①赵书红李奎彭中镇（华中农业大学动物分子生物学与育种研究室,武汉４３００７０）盛志廉（东北农业大学动物科学研究所,哈尔滨１５００３０）ＲｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＳｉｎｇｌｅＳｐｅｒｍＴｙｐｉｎｇｂｙＰＣＲＭｅｔｈｏｄ...     

血沉标本中人巨细胞病毒DNA的检出

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）和地高辛标记探针（ｄｉｇ－ｐｒｏｂｅ）检测临床血沉标本中人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ。结果表明,人群血标本中ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ携带率较高;ＰＣＲ技术较ｄｉｇ－ｐｒｏｂｅ更敏感、快速、简便,二者检出ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为８３．３％和６０．３％;ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ检出率、ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ检出率与血沉值高低之间无相关性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.