家蚕浓核病毒 Bm DNV-3(中国株)VD1基因组结构与转录分析

为了进一步认识家蚕浓核病毒BmDNV-3(中国株)VD1基因组的结构和功能,VD1被分离、纯化、克隆到pUC119载体上,完成了基因组全序列的测定。序列分析显示VD1基因组全长为6543个核苷酸,末端拥有224个核苷酸反向重复序列(ITRs)。VD1基因组正链含有3个大的开放阅读框(ORF1-3),负链含有1个大的开放阅读框(ORF4)。比较BmDNV-3的VD1和BmDNV-2(Yamanashiisolate)的VD1基因组全序列,两者同源性为98.4%,并且有107个碱基的替代和1个碱基插入,氨基酸突变集中在VD1ORF3和VD1ORF4。Northern杂交结果显示VD1的左边正链上有1.1kb和1.5kb两个转录本,右边的负链上有一个3.3kb转录本。3′和5′-RACE结果显示1.1kb转录本开始于nt290,结束于nt1437;1.5kb转录本开始于nt1423,结束于nt2931;3.3kb转录本开始于nt6287,结束于nt2922。正链上1.5kb转录本和负链上3.3kb转录本拥有10个核苷酸的3′端的共同序列。研究结果显示该病毒基因转录与已报道的其它浓核病毒存在较大的差异性。     

家蚕细小病毒样病毒的研究进展

家蚕细小病毒样病毒(Bombyx mori parvo-like virus,BmPLV)是一种二分病毒,该病毒在家蚕中肠柱状细胞核内复制和包装,感染的细胞核呈现过分膨胀、细胞核孚尔根浓染等细胞病理学特征。病毒粒子直径20~24 nm,无囊膜呈球型。基因组为单链线性双分子DNA(VD1、VD2),分别独立包装在各自的衣壳中。病毒编码四个非结构蛋白NS1、NS2、NS3和pol(DNA聚合酶),一个主要结构蛋白VP及次要结构蛋白P133。其基因组末端反向重复序列可形成与BmPLV复制有关的"锅柄形"结构,以及含自身编码的DNA聚合酶的序列,推测该病毒与腺病毒复制方式相类似,依靠共价蛋白为起始物完成复制。     

荧光定量PCR检测家蚕核型多角体病毒在其宿主体内的增殖动态

为了研究家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus,BmNPV)在其宿主幼虫体内不同组织中的增殖动态,对敏感性家蚕品种306幼虫进行经口定量滴注病毒。在接种后9个时间点,对中肠、血淋巴和脂肪体进行取样。以BmNPV DNA 聚合酶基因(dnapol)指示病毒拷贝数,同时以家蚕细胞质肌动蛋白A3(actin A3)基因作为参比基因,用荧光定量PCR的方法分别检测各个时间点的中肠、血淋巴和脂肪体中病毒的拷贝数。结果表明经口感染2 h,病毒进入中肠;12 h,病毒已经到达血淋巴和脂肪体;再经过约12 h的潜伏期,病毒在各组织中开始快速增殖,到84 h各组织中病毒增殖达到平台期。     

家蚕浓核病毒DNV-3（中国株）的VD2基因组序列分析

浓核病毒BmDNV-3(中国株)基因组中含有两种不同的单链线形DNA分子(VD1,VD2)。该病毒的VD2被分离、纯化、克隆到pUC119载体上,并完成了VD2全基因组序列的测定。序列分析显示:VD2全基因组长为6022个核苷酸,末端拥有524个核苷酸反向重复序列(ITRs)。VD2基因组正链含有2个大的开放阅读框,负链含有1个小的开放阅读框。计算机分析推测该基因组正链上开放阅读框(ORF1)及负链上开放阅读框(ORF3)主要编码病毒的非结构蛋白,而正链上开放阅读框(ORF2)主要编码病毒的结构蛋白。比较BmDNV-3 VD2和BmDNV-2(Yamanashiisolate)VD2基因组全序列,两者同源性达97.7%,并且有132个碱基的替代1、1个碱基的删除和2个碱基插入。研究结果显示BmDNV-3 VD2和BmDNV-2 VD2有很近的亲缘关系,但也发生一定的变异,这为更好地理解浓核病毒种类的多样性,也为研究家蚕浓核病毒进化提供了有益的线索。     

家蚕浓核病毒 (中国镇江株)在不同感受性宿主体内的复制

家蚕浓核病毒中国镇江株是一株双生浓核病毒(bidensovirus)。其宿主感染后的病症与典型的家蚕浓核病毒(BmDNV-1伊那株)表现相似,病蚕软化,中肠的圆筒型细胞呈浓核症。该病毒的最大特点是基因组中含有二套DNA分子(VD1,VD2),这两种核酸分子以单链( VD1,-VD1, VD2,-VD2)线型方式被分开包装在各自的衣壳蛋白中,成为四种病毒体,而且它自身编码DNA聚合酶。有部分蚕品种对该病毒表现完全抗性,即不发病。分别对敏感性家蚕品种(华八35)和抗性家蚕品种(秋丰d)的幼虫进行经口接种病毒。在接种后,从2h到96h分9个时间点,对中肠组织进行取样。以家蚕细胞质肌动蛋白A3(actinA3)基因作为参比基因,用来标定取样组织细胞数。针对VD1和VD2分别设计特异引物,用荧光定量PCR的方法分别检测各个时间点的样品中的病毒基因组VD1和VD2拷贝数。结果表明:无论是在感性还是在抗性宿主体内,家蚕浓核病毒中国株的基因组VD1和VD2在各时间点拷贝数相近,表现出VD1和VD2是同步复制的;病毒侵入两种宿主中肠的初始量(接种后2h)基本相等,每个细胞约为6~10拷贝数。在敏感性宿主体内病毒感染过程表现为潜伏期,指数增长期,平台期。从接种后2h到12h为病毒潜伏期;12h到36h为指数增长期,倍增时间为1·71h,大约扩增15次;36h到96h为平台期,进入平台期病毒的拷贝数达到20万个。在抗性宿主体内病毒处于一种极低水平的增殖,从添毒后2h的6~10拷贝数到96h的150~200拷贝数,病毒复制倍增时间分别为3h和12h,大约扩增5次。推测家蚕对浓核病毒中国株的抗病性,只是一种慢性的带毒不发病的表现。     

Expression of non-structural protein NS3 gene of Bombyx mori densovirus （China isolate）

The invertebrate parvovirus Bombyx mori Densonucleosis Virus type 3 (China isolate),named BmDNV-3,is a kind of bidensovirus.It is a new type of virus with unique replication mechanisms.To investigate the effects of the NS3 gene during viral DNA replication,a pair of primers was designed for amplifying NS3 gene of Bombyx mori densovirus (China isolate).Gene NS3 amplified was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a and the donor plasmid pFastBacHTe,respectively.The NS3 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21.The pFastBacHTe-NS3 was transformed to E.coli DH10Bac.The recombinant bacmid baculoviruses (rBacmid-EGFP-NS3)isolated from the white colonies were transfected into BraN-4 cells using a transfection reagent.BmN-4 cells were infected with recom-binant virus to express fusion proteins.The expression of fusion protein around 30 kDa in E.coli BL21 was identified by SDS-PAGE,Western blotting,and mass spectrometry.The expressed NS3 protein by B.mor/nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid system was confirmed byWestern blotting using an anti-NS3 polyclonal antibody.And about 45 kDa protein was found.The expressed fusion protein was smalleithan the expected size of EGFP-NS3,55 kDa.Western blotting analysis indicated that EGFP-NS3 protein was expressed in infected lar-vae with smaller molecular size.     

家蚕核型多角体病毒山东株p35基因的克隆及序列分析

根据家蚕核型多角体病毒T3株p35基因非编码区序列设计一对特异性引物,应用PCR技术从家蚕核型多角体病毒山东株中扩增得到一条1 080 bp的片段。测序结果表明,该片段含有p35基因,开放阅读框长900 bp,编码299个氨基酸,分子量为34.91kDa,pI=6.4。序列分析表明,BmNPV山东株的p35基因与T3株存在差异。 Abstract:According to the 5′ and 3′ untranslated region sequences of p35 gene from Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolate T3,a pair of primers was designed employing computer analysis.With the primers,polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed and a 1 080 bp fragment was obtained from BmNPV strain Shandong.Sequencing result showed that it was p35 gene (GenBank accession number：AY157746),and it included an open reading frame of 900 bp,encoding 299 amino acids with Mr=34.91kDa and pI=6.40.BLAST analysis indicated that there were seven bases and three amino acids difference between p35 from BmNPV strain Shandong and that from BmNPV isolate T3.     

家蚕浓核病毒中国株非结构蛋白1(NS1)的表达

利用PCR技术扩增出BmDNV-3 NS1基因,将目的基因与原核表达载体pET-30a进行连接,转化BL21 star菌并在该菌中表达,经Western blot鉴定表达的产物为BmDNV-3 NS1蛋白,纯化NS1蛋白并制备兔多克隆抗体.同时BmDNV-3 NS1基因亚克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBae-HTb-eGFP中,转化BmDH10BAC感受态细胞,提取的重组Bacmid通过脂质体包埋转染家蚕BmN细胞,再以收获的重组病毒感染家蚕幼虫.家蚕BmN细胞和幼虫感染重组病毒2d后均观察到绿色荧光,经SDS-PAGE分析真核表达的产物与预测的NS1-eGFP融合蛋白大小不一致,说明NS1-eGFP融合蛋白被昆虫内源性的蛋白酶降解.降解的产物用NS1蛋白抗体进行Western blot鉴定为BmDNV-3 NS1蛋白.     

Identification and genetic mapping of RAPD markers linked to the densonucleosis refractoriness gene, nsd-2, in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

In the silkworm, Bombyx mori, nonsusceptibility to B. mori densonucleosis virus type-2 (BmDNV-2) is controlled by a recessive gene, nsd-2 (nonsusceptibility to DNV-2). We investigated the genetic linkage between two random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and the +nsd-2 gene. Initially, we constructed the JSD-2 strain (nsd-2/+), which is congenic to strain J137 (nsd-2/nsd-2) with respect to the chromosome containing the +nsd-2 gene, starting with a female of strain J137 and a male of strain C137 (+nsd-2/+nsd-2). Genomic DNAs were compared between infected individuals of the JSD-2 strain and J137 by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 700 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Two RAPD markers (OPH19R and OPP01R) linked to the +nsd-2 gene were found. For the crossing-over experiment, a female of J137 was crossed with a male (nsd-2/+) of JSD-2. Segregation analysis showed that the most closely linked RAPD marker (OPP01R) was mapped 4.7 cM distant from +nsd-2.     

Characterization of 3''----5'' exonuclease associated with DNA polymerase of silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

3'----5' Exonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA copurified with DNA polymerase of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of silkworm Bombyx mori (BmNPV Pol). BmNPV Pol has no detectable 5'----3' exonuclease activity on single-stranded or duplex DNA. Analysis of the products of 3'----5' exonucleolytic reaction showed that deoxynucleoside monophosphates were released during the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA. The exonuclease activity cosedimented with the polymerase activity during ultracentrifugation of BmNPV Pol in glycerol gradient. The polymerase and the exonuclease activities of BmNPV Pol were inactivated by heat with nearly identical kinetics. The mode of the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA by BmNPV Pol-associated exonuclease was strictly distributive. The enzyme dissociated from single-stranded DNA after the release of a single dNMP and then reassociated with a next polynucleotide being degradated.     

Characterization of the complete genome segments from BmCPV-SZ, a novel Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 isolate

A novel Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 isolated from infected silkworm larvae and tentatively assigned as Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 isolate Suzhou (BmCPV-SZ). The complete nucleotide sequences of genomic segments S1-S10 from BmCPV-SZ were determined. All segments possessed a single open reading frame; however, bioinformatic evidence suggested a short overlapping coding sequence in S1. Each BmCPV-SZ segment possessed the conserved terminal sequences AGUAA and GUUAGCC at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. The conserved A/G at the -3 position in relation to the AUG codon could be found in the BmCPV-SZ genome, and it was postulated that this conserved A/G may be the most important nucleotide for efficient translation initiation in cypoviruses (CPVs). Examination of the putative amino acid sequences encoded by BmCPV-SZ revealed some characteristic motifs. Homology searches showed that viral structural proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 had localized homologies with proteins of Rice ragged stunt virus , a member of the genus Oryzavirus within the family Reoviridae. A phylogenetic tree based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences demonstrated that CPV is more closely related to Rice ragged stunt virus and Aedes pseudoscutellaris reovirus than to other members of Reoviridae, suggesting that they may have originated from common ancestors.     

Structure of Bombyx mori densovirus 1, a silkworm pathogen

Bombyx mori densovirus 1 (BmDNV-1), a major pathogen of silkworms, causes significant losses to the silk industry. The structure of the recombinant BmDNV-1 virus-like particle has been determined at 3.1-? resolution using X-ray crystallography. It is the first near-atomic-resolution structure of a virus-like particle within the genus Iteravirus. The particles consist of 60 copies of the 55-kDa VP3 coat protein. The capsid protein has a β-barrel "jelly roll" fold similar to that found in many diverse icosahedral viruses, including archaeal, bacterial, plant, and animal viruses, as well as other parvoviruses. Most of the surface loops have little structural resemblance to other known parvovirus capsid proteins. In contrast to vertebrate parvoviruses, the N-terminal β-strand of BmDNV-1 VP3 is positioned relative to the neighboring 2-fold related subunit in a "domain-swapped" conformation, similar to findings for other invertebrate parvoviruses, suggesting domain swapping is an evolutionarily conserved structural feature of the Densovirinae.     

Molecular cloning and expression of key gene encoding hypothetical DNA polymerase from B. mori parvo-like virus

BmPLV-Z is the abbreviation for Bombyx mori parvo-like virus (China isolate). This is a novel virus with two single-stranded linear DNA molecules, viz., VD1 (6543 bp) and VD2 (6022 bp), which are encapsidated respectively into separate virions. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of VD1-ORF4 indicated the existence of a putative DNA-polymerase with exonuclease activity, possibly involved in the replication of BmPLV-Z. In the present study, a recombinant baculovirus was constructed to express the full length of the protein encoded by the VD1-ORF4 gene (3318 bp). In addition, a 2163-bp fragment amplified from the very same gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a and expressed in E.coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) pLysS. The expressed fusion protein was employed to immunize New Zealand white rabbits for the production of an antiserum, afterwards used for examining the expression of the protein encoded by VD1-ORF4 gene in Sf-9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus. Western blot analysis of extracts from thus cells infected revealed a specific band of about 120 kDa, thereby indicating that the full length protein encoded by the VD1-ORF4 gene had been successfully and stably expressed in Sf-9 cells.     

家蚕浓核病毒中国(镇江)株结构蛋白的生物信息学比较分析

运用生物信息学方法将家蚕浓核病毒中国(镇江)株的结构蛋白与其它类型家蚕浓核病毒的结构蛋白在理化特性、结构、功能等方面进行了比较分析。结果表明:家蚕浓核病毒结构蛋白是一类稳定的亲水性蛋白,BmDNV-ZJ与BmDNV-2的结构蛋白性质可能比较类似,而BmDNV-ZJ和BmDNV-1结构蛋白序列的理化性参数、序列内部重复片断以及折叠区域差异较大,表明这两种浓核病毒结构蛋白在性状、结构、功能上有较大差异。而BmDNV-ZJ和BmDNV-1结构蛋白序列中有3个不同的LCR功能区域。分子进化聚类分析可得到四大类浓核病毒结构蛋白。     

Polyhedrin gene of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

A portion of the genome of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Bombyx mori has been cloned. This part of the viral genome contains the gene encoding the viral occlusion body protein, polyhedrin. The polyhedrin gene has been sequenced in its entirety together with some of its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The primary structure of polyhedrin predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene was found to be somewhat different from the one reported previously for the authentic protein (E. A. Kozlov, T. L. Levitina, N. M. Gusak, and S. B. Serebryani, Bioorg. Khim., 7:1008-1015, 1981; S. B. Serebryani, T. L. Levitina, M. L. Kautsman, Y. L. Radavski, N. M. Gusak, M. N. Ovander, N. V. Sucharenko, and E. A. Kozlov, J. Invertebr. Pathol., 30:442-443, 1977). Comparison of the primary structures of the polyhedrin of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of B. mori with that of Autographa californica suggests that considerable selective pressure has been exercised at the protein level during evolution. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the two structural genes reveal that the coding sequences have diverged significantly through the accumulation of silent and replacement substitutions. In contrast, a remarkable degree of sequence conservation was found to exist in the domains corresponding to the 5' and 3' noncoding regions of the polyhedrin mRNAs.