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Masako Kubo Takato Kobayashi Masahiko Kitahara Atsuko Hayashi 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2009,18(1):229-246
We investigated seasonal fluctuation patterns in species and individuals of adult butterflies and flowering plants providing
nectar in a semi-natural grassland in central Japan. We considered their interrelationships and implications for conservation.
The semi-natural grassland included different vegetation structures and management regimes, including: (1) firebreaks where
the grass was mowed and removed, (2) plantation areas that were mowed, (3) unpaved roads with mowed banks, (4) abandoned grassland,
(5) scattered scrub forest, and (6) the surrounding forest. The sites with management (e.g., firebreaks), plantations and
banks of the unpaved road sustained a larger number of butterflies and flowers than sites without management, such as the
abandoned grassland, scrub forest and surrounding forest. The number of butterflies increased in the firebreak in June and
at all sites in August and September. The firebreak sustained flowers in the spring, and the plantation area and banks of
the unpaved road sustained flowers primarily in August and September, which was correlated with the distribution of butterflies.
The different treatments such as mowing or mowing with removal of grass induced different numbers of flowers of each species
affecting the habitat of adult butterflies through a season. On the other hand, the shrub tree species composing the scrub
forest were host plants for the larvae of certain butterfly species. Our results suggest that heterogeneous environments with
different human management or different vegetation structure or both could support habitat for various butterfly species,
depending on the season and the seral stage. 相似文献
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