细胞因子信号传导JAK／STAT途径的调控

JAK／STAT途径是多数细胞因子的信号传导途径,是阐明细胞因子生物学功能的分子基础。最近这条途径的调控机制逐渐被认识并引起人们的广泛关注。SOCS家族、PIAS家族、SHP－1、STATs天然突变体、去c－末端JAKs、AG－490、CAMP、钙离子载体霉素等多种因素参与了该途径的调控。     

JAK/STAT信号通路及其对昆虫免疫的调控

JAK/STAT信号通路参与细胞的生长、分化、凋亡和免疫调节等重要的生物学过程,是细胞因子介导的最重要的信号转导途径之一。在昆虫中,JAK/STAT是一条相对保守的信号途径,与Toll途径和Imd途径共同作为主要免疫途径以抵御病原物入侵,在昆虫免疫、激素调控和其他生理调节过程中发挥着十分重要的作用。本文介绍了细胞因子受体超家族、JAKs家族、STATs家族和JAK/STAT信号通路及其负反馈调节的作用机制,分析了寄生物、病毒和真菌感染昆虫时,JAK/STAT信号通路的重要功能及最新研究进展,并提出了JAK/STAT信号通路研究中尚待解决的问题,以期为该领域后续深入研究提供方向和参考。     

SOCS-3在哮喘Th1／Th2免疫失衡中的作用研究进展

支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）是一种以Th1／Th2免疫失衡、Th2优势应答为特征的慢性气道炎症性疾病。细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3（SOCS-3）是一类与细胞因子JAK／STAT信号转导途径有关的负反馈调节因子,参与细胞固有免疫、获得性免疫和炎症反应。近年来研究发现,在哮喘的发生发展中SOCS-3均表现出分子水平或功能的异常,提示SOCS．3可作为哮喘诊断和治疗的新靶点。就SOCS-3与哮喘的关系研究进展进行综述,讨论其在哮喘Th1／Th2免疫失衡中的作用。     

细胞因子信号转导的负性调节因子SOCS—1的研究进展

SOCS是新近发现的一类与细胞因子JAK-STAT信号转导途径有关的负性调节因子。目前SOCS家族的成员已达16个之多,该因子能抑制IL-6、IFNγ、IL-2、GH等细胞因子的多种信号转导途径,不仅对JAK-STAT信号途径有负性调控作用,而且还参与其它信号途径的调节,其功能涉及正常组织的分化和器官的发育,因此已为学术界所关注。SOCS-1为该家族中含SH2结构域的SOCS成员之一,本文着重对其分子的结构、负性调节机制及其生物学功能作一综述。     

细胞因子发信号阻抑蛋白SOCS3作用机制及其在相关疾病中的研究

SOCS家族是JAK／STAT通路的反馈抑制因子,又被称为细胞的“分子刹车”。SOCS3是该家族中目前研究最热,也是最为清楚的成员之一。该系统介绍了近几年对SOCS3结构、功能以及临床上的最新研究进展．并分析了今后可能的研究方向。     

瘦素的信号转导机制

瘦素是由肥胖基因编码的一种多肽激素,具有调节能量代谢和抑制食欲的作用,其调节作用由瘦素受体所介导。瘦素受体属于I类细胞因子受体家族。JAK－STAT途径是瘦素信号转导的主要途径。瘦素与胰岛素的信号转导通路之间存在“cross talk”。     

SOCS3在乳腺癌中的研究进展

细胞因子信号抑制因子(suppressor of cytokine signaling,SOCS)是一类对细胞因子、生长因子等信号作出应答的蛋白。这类蛋白能够通过负反馈调节JAK/STAT信号通路来减弱细胞因子信号的转导。SOCS3即为一个十分有代表性的SOCS家族蛋白。大量研究表明,风湿性关节炎、糖尿病及肿瘤等疾病的发生往往同SOCS3的异常表达有着密切联系。在乳腺癌中,SOCS3能够调控肿瘤细胞的干性、转移、侵袭、耐药性等。因此,SOCS3表达的正常与否同乳腺癌病人的愈后状况在很大程度上也具有相关性。基于SOCS3同乳腺癌发生发展间的联系,本综述将对SOCS3的基本结构、分子功能及近年来该蛋白在乳腺癌中的相关研究进行简要总结。     

细胞因子信号阻抑蛋白SOCS家族

大量实验研究和临床观察资料证明,SOCS蛋白与细胞信号转导和多种重要疾病的发生发展有着密切的关系。同时随着对JAK／STAT通路和单个SOCS蛋白功能研究的深入,SOCS蛋白在辐射导致细胞周期阻滞信号传导以及与细胞DNA损伤和修复机制相关作用机理将成为未来的研究方向之一。近年来随着重离子治癌临床应用的展开,重离子对细胞辐射损伤和修复信号转导可能与SOCS蛋白相关的研究对于重离子的安全应用提供了理论和实验依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.