基于医疗数据信息集成系统的3D打印技术在肺癌手术中的应用

目的:探讨基于医疗数据信息集成系统的3D打印技术在治疗肺癌中的应用。方法:2014年10月~2015年10月收治的符合肺癌临床路径,进入医疗数据信息集成系统,并接受320排螺旋CT扫描三维重建,3D打印出实体1:1大小的患侧肺血管及肺病灶模型,术前制定手术方案且模拟手术过程的42例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者,经电视胸腔镜应用内镜缝合切割器切除病灶,术中快速冰冻切片明确诊断,行肺段切除术,肺叶切除术。观察术中肺血管与3D打印符合程度。记录手术时间、术中出血量、切除淋巴结数量、有无术中死亡、病理结果、并发症、引流时间和引流量及术后生存情况。结果:术中证实95%以上的肺血管可被3D打印出来。手术时间(51.4±18.1)min,术中出血量(40.2±20.3)mL。切除淋巴结(7.1±2.8)枚。无术中死亡。术后病理回报示肺鳞癌13例,肺腺癌29例。病理分期:T1aN0M0 12例,T1aN1M0 10例,T1bN0M0 3例,T1bN1M0 3例,T2aN0M0 2例,T2aN1M0 12例。术后患者无严重并发症,其中肺感染6例、肺膨胀不全6例、房颤5例,所有患者经积极后痊愈;术后引流时间(3.0±1.2)d,引流量(200.7±66.1)mL/d。42例随访2~12个月,中位随访时间8.0月,40例无瘤生存,术后6个月发生转移脑转移2例,分别于术后7和10个月死亡。结论:基于医疗数据信息集成系统的3D打印技术可以应用于肺癌手术。     

3D打印肺段模型在胸外科解剖教学中的应用

目的:探讨3D打印肺段模型在胸外科解剖教学中的应用效果。方法:60名医学新生随机分为3D打印组和三维重建图像组,每组30人。经相关知识介绍后,参加问卷调查并记录得分,包括理论知识、肺段鉴别、病灶鉴别,共14分。结果:3D打印肺段模型能清晰准确地显示出肺脏结构。3D打印组问卷调查得分显著高于三维重建图像组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.031)。结论:3D打印肺段模型在医学生肺段解剖教学中的效果优于三维重建图像。     

3D打印技术辅助前侧微创入路手术治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨3D打印技术辅助前侧微创入路手术治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2014年8月到2017年2月在我院诊治的骨盆骨折患者78例作为研究对象,按照随机信封抽签原则分为观察组与对照组,每组各39例。对照组采用常规X线与CT进行手术设计,观察组采用3D打印技术进行手术设计,两组都给予前侧微创入路手术治疗,比较两组的手术时间、切口长度、骨折愈合时间、术中出血量、术中和术后并发症的发生情况及术后3个月的骨盆功能优良率。结果:所有患者都完成手术,无术中严重并发症发生,两组手术时间及切口长度对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组的骨折愈合时间、术中出血量显著高于观察组(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症的发生率(5.1%)显著低于对照组(25.6%)(P0.05),术后3个月的骨盆功能优良率(97.4%)显著高于对照组(74.4%)(P0.05)。结论:与常规X线与CT前侧微创入路手术治疗比较,3D打印技术辅助前侧微创入路手术治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折可为患者提供安全、有效、个性化的治疗,减少术后并发症的发生,改善患者的骨盆功能。     

3D打印技术在脊柱侧凸矫形术中的应用研究

目的:通过3D打印技术建立患者脊柱的立体实物模型,并探讨其在脊柱侧凸矫形手术中的临床应用价值。方法:2013年9月～2017年8月的15例脊柱侧凸畸形患者,采集患者的薄层CT扫描数据,利用3D打印技术建立实物模型,术前模拟置钉、模拟截骨,完善术前规划,并按照术前计划进行手术。结果:所有患者均按照根据术前3D打印模型制定的手术方案完成手术,术中置钉顺利,置钉准确率为93.6%。所有患者术中、术后无神经、血管、内脏损伤等并发症。结论:3D打印技术为术者提供了更加直观、立体、即时的影像资料,能够完善术前规划,提高置钉准确率,降低手术风险,在脊柱矫形手术中应用前景广泛。     

128层螺旋CT在透析患者上肢CT血管成像中的临床应用价值

目的：研究128层螺旋CT在透析患者上肢CT血管成像中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析30例患者的64层CT图像（64层组）与39例患者128层CT图像（128层组）,对扫描数据进行三维重建后比较两组患者的动脉分支级别、血管边缘、静脉干扰评分及瘘口显示情况的差异。结果：128层组前臂与手部动脉分支级别显示评分高于64层组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;128层组肩部、上臂及前臂的血管边缘光滑度显示评分高于64层组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：128层螺旋CT在透析患者上肢血管成像中血管、内瘘口以及流入流出道等细节方面显示效果更理想。     

128 层螺旋CT在透析患者上肢CT血管成像中的临床应用价值

目的：研究128 层螺旋CT 在透析患者上肢CT 血管成像中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析30 例患者的64 层CT 图像 （64 层组）与39 例患者128 层CT 图像（128 层组）,对扫描数据进行三维重建后比较两组患者的动脉分支级别、血管边缘、静脉干 扰评分及瘘口显示情况的差异。结果：128 层组前臂与手部动脉分支级别显示评分高于64 层组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;128 层组肩部、上臂及前臂的血管边缘光滑度显示评分高于64 层组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：128 层螺旋CT 在透析患者上 肢血管成像中血管、内瘘口以及流入流出道等细节方面显示效果更理想。     

实验猕猴肺部CT影像断层初步观察

目的应用CT技术对成年实验猕猴胸部肺窗进行断层扫描观察,探讨CT技术对猕猴肺部疾病的临床诊断意义,建立正常猴肺部CT断层扫描图谱,为CT技术在猕猴解剖学的研究、疾病的临床诊断及科学实验方面的应用,提供影像学的基础资料。方法经过触诊、叩诊、听诊、体温、呼吸率、心率、呼吸运动、血液常规等检查,选择健康猴10只,雌雄各半,年龄分别为5～10岁,进行肺部CT断层扫描检测。试验猴全身麻醉后,置于CT诊断床上,取头前尾后仰卧位进行肺部扫描,获取肺窗扫描图像。对具有解剖意义的扫描图像的每个层面的主要结构（肺叶、气管、动脉血管、静脉血管等）进行标注。结果 （1）获得具有解剖意义的肺窗扫描图像13张。（2）在断层扫描的图像中,肺、气管、较大血管等组织器官界面清晰。肺为左右两侧,左肺分为上叶、中叶、下叶,右肺分为上叶、中叶、下叶、奇叶四部分。不同的断层面分别可见肺部左主支气管、右主支气管、支气管、血管等组织。（3）肺部较小或细小的血管、神经组织界面不清晰。结论 （1）应用CT获得的正常猕猴胸部肺窗断层扫描图像表明,正常健康猴双肺纹理清晰,走行自然,肺野透光度良好,双肺无异常实质病变影像。（2）获得了健康猕猴肺部的CT影像学资料,为猕猴肺部疾病的诊断,提供了一种安全、方便又准确的新依据,建立了成年健康猕猴肺部CT断层解剖研究的背景资料。     

不同剂量头孢噻肟钠预防肺癌患者术后感染的疗效分析

目的:探讨不同剂量头孢噻肟钠对预防肺癌患者术后感染的临床疗效,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月-2015年8月在本院行肺癌根治术的90例非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,按照头孢噻肟钠使用剂量的不同分为小剂量组(n=44)和大剂量组(n=46)。两组患者术前30 min均给予头孢噻肟钠静滴,其中小剂量组给予2g注射用头孢噻肟钠+0.9% NaCl 100 mL,当手术时间超过3 h,术中再次给予同等剂量头孢噻肟钠静滴,术后12 h给予2 g头孢噻肟钠静滴,大剂量组用药方法同小剂量组,各阶段头孢噻肟钠用量改为3 g。观察并比较两组患者术前、术后3 d血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白蛋白(ALB)、白细胞计数(WBC)的变化情况,记录患者住院时间、切口愈合时间、术后感染及不良反应发生情况,统计两组病原菌清除率。结果:术后3 d两组患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、WBC水平均较术前上升,血清ALB水平较术前下降,有统计学差异(P0.05),但两组间上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。小剂量组患者住院时间为(18.80±2.50)d、手术切口愈合时间为(13.50±1.05)d,大剂量组分别为(18.10±2.35)d、(12.95±2.05)d,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。小剂量组与大剂量组术后感染率为9.09%、10.87%,病原菌清除率为83.33%、85.71%,两组患者感染率、病原菌清除率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),且用药期间均未发生严重不良反应。结论:对围手术期肺癌患者给予小剂量头孢噻肟钠能达到与大剂量用药相同的预防术后感染效果,且安全有效,值得推广使用。     

3D数字打印技术在重度脊柱侧弯中的临床分析研究

目的:评估和比较3D数字打印技术在重度脊柱侧弯患者手术中的临床疗效及安全性。方法:按照已经设定的纳入及排除标准,对2017年1月至2019年1月诊断为重度脊柱侧弯并在我科行手术治疗的22名患者进行前瞻性分析。根据是否采用3D打印技术辅助,将其通过随机数字表分为3D辅助组(实验组)与对照组。实验组(共11例)通过Minics软件进行3D模拟设计及打印,术中进行技术辅助。对照组(11例)则通过常规的徒手置钉办法进行手术。通过CT比较两组患者的置钉准确性,并比较两组患者的其他影像学检查和相关手术指标,包括:手术时间,输血量,透视次数等。结果:本研究纳入的患者(22例)均得到至少6个月的完整随访。两组患者在术前的影像学测评,Cobb角,年龄、性别构成等指标的比较中未见显著统计学差异(P>0.05)。实验组CT评价置钉准确率为83.6%(0级及1级),对照组的置钉准确率为72.3%。两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。实验组在手术时间,术中输血量及透视次数等手术指标的比较中均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组的入院后待手术时间显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组在术后3天的VAS指标显著优于对照组(P<0.05),但在术后6月的比较中无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组患者的ODI指数较术前均有显著改善(P<0.05),且两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组患者均未出现严重并发症(P>0.05)。结论:与常规的徒手置钉相比,针对重度脊柱侧弯患者,3D数字打印辅助技术能够显著的提高置钉的准确性,减少手术时间和术中输血量,大幅度减少透视危害,且降低操作难度,值得临床进一步推广使用。     

直径大于3厘米的周围型肺癌血流动力学的多排螺旋CT动态增强扫描研究

目的:研究直径3厘米以上周围型肺癌血流动力学的螺旋CT(电子计算机断层扫描,Computed Tomography)动态增强扫描的特点。方法:选取我院收治的肿瘤直径3 cm的周围型肺癌患者55例,肺部腺瘤(良性)患者10例,肺部炎性结节患者26例。分别进行螺旋CT动态增强扫描,记录其CT值、强化峰值(Peak enhancement,PH),绘制动态增强时间-密度曲线,计算并比较曲线最大增强线性斜率(steepes slope,SS)以及血流灌注量(blood perfusion,BP)。结果:肺部炎性结节患者的密度曲线在120 s达到最大值;肺癌患者的密度曲线至65 s达到高峰;胸腺瘤患者的密度曲线变化不明显。肺癌组PH平均值大于胸腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胸腺瘤组PH平均值小于肺部炎性结节组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肺癌组SS和BP大于胸腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胸腺瘤组SS和BP小于肺部炎性结节组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:螺旋CT动态增强扫描能够反映直径3厘米以上周围型肺癌的血流动力学特点从而有助于在肺癌的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

The lobular division,bronchial tree and blood vessels of the squirrel monkey lung

The lobular division, bronchial tree, and blood vessels in lungs of seven squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were examined from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy. The right lung of the squirrel monkey consists of the upper, middle, lower, and accessory lobes, whereas the left lung consists of the upper, middle, and lower lobes. These lobes are completely separated by interlobular fissures. In three of seven examples examined the left middle lobe was lacking. The squirrel monkey lung has four bronchiole systems, i.e. dorsal, lateral, ventral, and medial, on both sides. The upper lobes are formed by the first branches of the dorsal bronchiole systems. The middle lobes are formed by the first branches of the lateral bronchiole systems. The remaining bronchioles constitute the lower lobes. In addition to the above lobes, in the right lung, the accessory lobe is present, being formed by the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole, and then across the dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter, it runs between the dorsal bronchiole and lateral bronchiole systems along the dorso-lateral side of the right bronchus. During its course, the right pulmonary artery gives off the arterial branches which run along each bronchiole. These branches run mainly along the dorsal or lateral side of the bronchioles. In the left lung, the pulmonary artery and its branches run the same course as in the right lung. The pulmonary veins run mainly the ventral or medial side of the bronchioles, and between the bronchioles.     

The bronchial tree and blood vessels of the Japanese monkey lung

The author injected various colored celluloid solutions into the bronchial tree and blood vessels of the lungs of five adult Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) in order to prepare cast specimens. These specimens were investigated from the comparative anatomical viewpoint to determine whether the bronchial ramification theory of the mammalian lung (Nakakuki, 1975, 1980) can be applied to the Japanese monkey lung or not. The bronchioles are arranged stereotaxically like those of other mammalian lungs. The four bronchiole systems, dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral, arise from both bronchi, respectively, although some bronchioles are lacking. In the right lung, the bronchioles form the upper, middle, accessory, and lower lobes, while in the left lung, the upper and accessory lobes are lacking and bi-lobed middle and lower lobes are formed. In the right lung, the upper lobe is formed by the first branch of the dorsal bronchiole system. The middle lobe is the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The accessory lobe is the first branch of the ventral bronchiole system. The lower lobe is formed by the remaining bronchioles of the four bronchiole systems. In the left lung, the middle lobe is formed by the first branch of the lateral bronchiole system. The lower lobe is formed by the remaining bronchioles. Thus, the bronchial ramification theory of the mammalian lung applied well to the Japanese monkey lung. The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole. It then runs along the dorso-lateral side of the right bronchus between the dorsal bronchiole system and the lateral bronchiole system. On its way, it gives off branches of the pulmonary artery which run along the dorsal or lateral side of each bronchiole except in the ventral bronchiole system. In the ventral bronchiole system, the branches run along the ventral side of the bronchioles. The distributions of the pulmonary artery in the left lung are the same as those in the right lung. The pulmonary veins do not always run along the bronchioles. Most of them run on the medial or ventral side of the bronchioles. Some of them run between the pulmonary segments. In the right lung, these pulmonary veins finally form the right upper lobe vein, right middle lobe vein and the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk before entering the left atrium. However, the right accessory lobe vein runs on the dorsal side of the bronchiole and pours into the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. In four cases out of the five examples, part of the right lower lobe veins pour into the right middle lobe vein, while the others enter the right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. In the left lung, the branches of the pulmonary veins finally form the left middle lobe vein and the left lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk.     

X线片和多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别周围型肺癌的对比研究

目的:对比X线平片和多层螺旋CT诊断及鉴别周围型肺癌的效果。方法:选取了100例周围型肺癌患者,所有患者入院后先行X线片检查,后进行多层螺旋CT检查。通过观察并记录X线片与多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的影像学特征、临床TNM分期的诊断效果,评价X线平片和多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的诊断效果。结果:多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的肿块、分叶征、支气管气象征、空洞、胸膜凹陷、血管集束征,胸腔积液的检出率均高于X线片(P0.05)。根据外科病理TNM分期结果,多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率为92.0%,X线对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率为61.0%,多层螺旋CT对周围型肺癌的临床TNM分期诊断符合率明显高于X线(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对于周围型肺癌各类型影像学征象具有较好的检出率,对周围型肺癌临床TNM分期诊断准确性接近病理诊断结果。     

CT联合DR对早期周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的:分析数字X线摄片(DR)、CT及其联合应用对周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法:选择该院2012年2月~2016年3月收治早期周围型肺癌患者90例为研究对象,分别进行数字化X线摄影和CT检查,以手术切除或病理结果为最终诊断的金标准,计算两种检查方法及其联合对早期诊断周围型肺癌的敏感度、特异度和准确率阳性预测值以及阴性预测值。结果:胸部DR检出空泡征者7例(7.8%),分叶征47例(52.2%),边缘有细小毛刺征36例(40%),胸膜凹陷征9例(10%);CT见病变边缘分叶征71例(78.8%),长短毛刺征57例(63.3%),空洞征27例(30%),胸膜凹陷征32例(35.6%)。DR诊断周围型肺癌的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为85%、81%、85.6%,而CT则为90%,87.6%,90.5%,均高于DR。DR与CT两者联合诊断周围型肺癌的敏感性为98.4%,显著高于DR(85%)和CT(90%)。结论:在早期周围型肺癌的影像学诊断中,CT的临床价值显著优于DR,而两者联合诊断的临床价值明显优于单独检测。     

The bronchial tree,lobular division,and blood vessels of the lung of the Diana monkey (Cercopithecus diana)

The authors examined the lung of one Diana monkey (Cercopithecus diana). The right lung consists of upper, middle, lower, and accessory lobes, the upper and middle lobes being united dorsally. The accessory and lower lobes are separated from the other lobes by fissures. The left lung consists of a bi-lobed middle lobe and a lower lobe. These lobes are separated by an interlobular fissure. The Diana monkey has dorsal, lateral, ventral, and medial bronchiole systems on either side. The upper lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the dorsal bronchiole system. The middle lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the lateral bronchiole system and the accessory lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the ventral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles of the four bronchiole systems constitute the lower lobe. The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole, and then across the dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter, it runs between the dorsal and lateral bronchiole systems, along the dorso-lateral side of the right bronchus. During its course, the right pulmonary artery gives off arterial branches running along the dorsal or lateral side of each bronchiole. The left pulmonary artery runs across the dorsal side of the left middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter, it follows the same course as in the right lung, giving off arterial branches. The pulmonary veins run along the ventral or medial side of the bronchiole, and between the bronchioles.     

体素内不相干运动成像对于周围型肺癌血供情况及细胞密集程度的价值研究

摘要 目的：探究周围型肺癌3.0 T磁共振成像（MRI）的体素内不相干运动成像（IVIM-DWI）各参数值对其血供情况以及细胞密集程度的价值。方法：选取2019年1月-2021年10月于本院行手术切除后并经病理检查证实为周围型肺癌的患者50例,术前均行常规MRI平扫、增强以及IVIM-DWI成像,分别测量所有病灶以及对侧相对称正常肺组织的标准表观扩散系数（sADC）、真实扩散系数（D）、灌注相关扩散系数（Ｄ*）以及灌注分数（?）。比较两者IVIM-DWI参数;比较不同强化程度下周围型肺癌病灶IVIM-DWI参数;Spearman 秩相关分析周围型肺癌病灶IVIM-DWI参数与强化程度的相关性;通过绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,分析与强化程度存在相关性的IVIM-DWI参数对周围型肺癌血供情况及细胞密集程度的评估价值。结果：周围型肺癌病灶的sADC、D均低于正常肺组织,D*、?均高于正常肺组织,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高度强化下周围型肺癌病灶D*高于中度强化、轻度强化,?低于中度强化、轻度强化,而D仅高于轻度强化,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,不同强化程度间sADC均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析显示周围型肺癌病灶的D*与强化程度呈正相关（P<0.05）,?与强化程度呈负相关（P<0.05）。通过绘制ROC曲线分析显示D*、?对周围型肺癌血供情况以及细胞密集程度评估的AUC大于0.700,提示其具有较高的评估价值。结论：IVIM-DWI模型既可以反映周围型肺癌的血供情况,也可以反映病变细胞密集程度,有助于提高对周围性肺癌血管情况及细胞密集程度的评估价值。     

Variables altering the impact of respiratory gated CT simulation on planning target volume in radiotherapy for lung cancer

BackgroundRespiratory gated CT simulation (4D-simulation) has been evolved to estimate the internal body motion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tumor volume and location on the planning target volume (PTV) for primary lung tumor when 4D simulation is used.MethodsPatients who underwent CT simulation for primary lung cancer radiotherapy between 2012 and 2016 using a 3D- (free breathing) and 4D- (respiratory gated) technique were reviewed. For each patient, gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured in a free breathing scan (3D-GTV), and 4D-simulation scans (4D-GTV). Margins were added to account for the clinical target volume (CTV) and internal target motion (ITV) in 3D and 4D simulation scans. Additional margins were added to account for planned target volume (PTV). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the impact of the volume of the GTV and location of the tumor (relative to the bronchial tree and lung lobes) on PTV changes by more than 10% between the 3D and 4D scans.ResultsA total of 10 patients were identified. 3D-PTV was significantly larger than the 4D-PTV; median volumes were 182.79 vs. 158.21 cc, p = 0.0068). On multivariate analysis, neither the volume of the GTV (p = 0.5027) nor the location of the tumor (peripheral, p = 0.5027 or lower location, p = 0.5802) had an impact on PTV differences between 3D-simulation and 4D-simluation.ConclusionThe use of 4D-simulation reduces the PTV for the primary tumor in lung cancer cases. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm the benefit of 4D-simulation in decreasing PTV in lung cancer.