孤独症谱系障碍儿童听觉脑干反应特征分析

摘要 目的：探讨孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童听觉脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)各波潜伏期和波间期特征与ASD行为表型间的关联。方法：对2019年7月-2020年12月来我科就诊的26例明确诊断的2~6岁ASD儿童的患儿进行声导抗,听性脑干反应,畸变产物耳声发射及多频稳态听觉诱发电位测试,以38例正常儿童为对照组,进行同样的测试,并对其测试结果进行统计分析。分析ASD儿童左右耳各波潜伏期,波间期特征及与ASD临床表型的关联。结果：ASD儿童左右耳Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ波潜伏期分别为(1.42±0.09)ms,(3.67±0.09)ms,(5.65±0.13)ms;(1.45±0.11)ms,(3.69±0.08)ms,(5.62±0.15)ms。ASD组的右耳I,III波的潜伏期均值大于正常组 (P 值均＜0.05);ASD儿童两组间左耳III-V,右耳III-V,右耳I-V的波间期分别是(1.97±0.07)ms,(1.93±0.10)ms,(4.15±0.14)ms;ASD组的左耳III-V,右耳III-V,右耳I-V波间期均小于正常组(P 值均＜0.05);ASD组中小于等于3岁组与大于3岁组间ABR波间期差异不具有统计学意义。关联性分析发现,ASD儿童语言能力与右耳III波潜伏期,右耳最小阈值V波潜伏期负相关;社会行为能力与右耳I-III波间期负相关;社会生活能力与左耳最小阈值V波潜伏期负相关;而ABC评分与ASD儿童右耳III波潜伏期,左耳I-III波间期,右耳I-III波间期正相关。结论：ASD儿童存在异常的听觉脑干反应特征,且异常程度与 ASD 儿童语言,社会行为能力,社会生活能力的严重程度存在明显关联。     

垂体后叶素联合催产素对腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者循环系统的影响及止血效果

目的:研究垂体后叶素联合催产素对腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者循环系统的影响及止血效果。方法:收集本院2011年10月至2013年10月进行腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术的75例子宫肌瘤患者,采用简单随机分组的方法将研究样本序贯分为A组(垂体后叶素组)、B组(催产素组)、C组(垂体后叶素联合催产素组)三组,各25例。比较各组循环系统和止血效果指标是否有变化及差异。结果:三组之间收缩压、舒张压、心率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同时间的收缩压、舒张压、心率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),收缩压、舒张压、心率分组与时间之间有交互作用(P0.05)。A组较B组低血压、心动过速及出血量更少,B组较A组高血压、心动过缓更少,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);C组较A组高血压、心动过缓更少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C组较B组低血压、心动过速及出血量更少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者联合应用垂体后叶素与催产素后循环波动小,止血效果好,值得在临床上推广应用。     

浅析P波离散度与房扑及房颤的关系

P波离散度(P Wave Dispwersion,Pd)是指同步记录的12导联心电图中,不同导联中的P波最大(长)时限(Pmax)与P波最短时限(Pmin)的差值.是近年提出的一种预测房扑及房颤患者的无创性心电检查方法.它可以预测房扑及房颤的发生.也可以评价抗心律失常药物的应用.     

远东刺猬正常心电图的描记

本文采用标准双极导联(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)和加压单极肢导联(aVR、aVL、aVF)对12只成体远东刺猬Erinaceus amurensis进行心电图测定。结果表明,远东刺猬的平均心率为294±46次/min,均为窦性心律。各导联的波形均较规则而稳定,所有导联都有QRS波群和T波,P波只在导联Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF中较明显,R′波明显存在于导联Ⅲ中。     

儿童直立调节试验对不明原因晕厥的诊断价值

目的:探讨直立倾斜试验对儿童不明原因晕厥的诊断价值,为临床诊断提供科学依据。方法:对208例不明原因晕厥的儿童给予进行直立倾料试验检查,持续进行心电监护监测,记录其血压、心率变化,分析试验结果。结果:145例(69.71%)出现阳性的血管迷走神经反应,73例(50.34%)为血管抑制型反应;19例(13.10%)呈心脏抑制型反应;53例(36.55%)为混合型反应型,并且诱发因子多为持久站立。结论:不明原因晕厥患者在直立倾斜试验中以血管迷走反应为主,持久站立是血管迷走神经性晕厥的主要诱因。     

猪肺磷脂联合高频振荡通气对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效

目的:研究猪肺磷脂注射液联合高频振荡通气对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效和对血气分析指标的影响。方法:选择2007年7月~2016年1月在我院进行诊治的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿80例,随机分为两组,对照组给予高频振荡通气治疗,观察组在高频振荡通气基础上加用猪肺磷脂注射液。比较治疗前和治疗后1、6、12、24 h两组患儿的心率、呼吸频率、舒张压和动脉血二氧化碳分压、动脉血氧分压、pH值,并观察两组的疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组的有效率为92.50%,明显高于对照组的72.50%(P0.05);治疗后1、6、12、24 h两组患儿的心率、呼吸频率、舒张压均较治疗前有明显变化(P0.05),且观察组的心率和呼吸频率明显低于对照组(P0.05),舒张压明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后1、6、12、24 h两组患儿的动脉血二氧化碳分压、动脉血氧分压、pH值均较治疗前有明显变化(P0.05),且观察组的动脉血二氧化碳分压明显低于对照组(P0.05),动脉血氧分压和pH值明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:猪肺磷脂注射液联合高频振荡通气能明显改善新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的血气分析指标,具有较好的疗效和较高的安全性。     

正常家鸽的宽频带心电图时域值和功率谱

实验用南京新博公司生产的NHE-1000型宽频带心电信息检测分析仪,研究了正常家鸽宽频带心电图(WFB-ECG)的时域值和QRS波群的功率谱。主要结果如下:(1)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联,QRS波群均为主波向下,形成rS或 rSr’型,无Q波,与人类相应导联的心电图波形相反;S波的升支均有一较大的切迹(无一例外),Ⅱ导联切迹幅度为 0.413±0.133mV,宽度为9.733±1.291ms;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联T波直立,方向均与主波相反门(1例除外)。aVR导联,QRS波群主波向上,形成Rs型,T波倒置,与主波方向相反(无一例外),也与人类aVR导联的波形相反。(2)P波时程与P-R段之比值为0.8,而人的为1.0-1.6,小鼠的为0.4。(3)Ⅱ导联QRS波群的功率谱特点:以低频信号(低于80 HZ)为主,而高频频段的相对能量比小鼠的低,比人的高,其中高频频段100-1000 Hz的相对能量为(10.181±7.443)％,80-300HZ为(15.418±10.579)％。(4)QRS波群的额面心电轴为-118°±10°(-96°～-136°);(5)心电向量环的位置与人类的相反,位于-90°～-180°相限。这些现象的产生原因可能是由于家鸽心室 Purkinje纤维末梢延伸到心外膜下心肌,导致心外膜下心肌先除极化,心内膜下心肌后除极化而产生的。     

P波离散度对房颤消融术后复发的预测价值

目的:探讨P波离散度对心房颤动(房颤)导管消融术后复发的预测价值。方法:连续收集经导管消融的房颤患者120例,根据是否复发分为复发组与对照组,分别测定和比较两组术后心电图最大P波时限(Pmax)及最小P波时限(Pmin)并计算P波离散度(Pd)。结果:房颤消融术后,53例病人复发,复发组最大P波时限(132±23mm VS 102±25mm)及P波离散度(33±9mm VS 29±10mm)均显著高于非复发组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:P波离散度可用于辅助预测房颤导管消融术后是否复发。     

T波峰-末间期对急性心肌梗死并发室性心律失常的预测价值

目的:探讨T波峰-末间期(Tp-Te间期)和Tp-Te间期离散度(Tp-Ted)对急性心肌梗死并发室性心律失常的预测价值。方法:选择我院2013年5月至2014年5月收治的140例确诊急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者,按照心律失常类型分为室性心动过速组,室性早搏组以及无室性心律失常组。分析并比较各组患者心电图Tp-Te间期及Tp-Ted的变化情况。结果:急性期FPG、Tp-Te、Tp-Ted高于恢复期,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);急性期与恢复期之间TG、CHOL、LDL-C、K+、Na+水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。无室性心律失常组与室性心动过速组及室性早搏组比较,Tp-Te和Tp-Ted更低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);室性早搏组和室性心动过速组比较,Tp-Te和Tp-Ted更低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Tp-Te间期和Tp-Ted可用于区分急性心肌梗死患者室性心律失常类型。     

非ST 段抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者心电图aVR 导联ST段抬高与近期 预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者心电图a VR导联ST段抬高与近期预后的相关性。方法:将195例NSTE-ACS患者按照入院时a VR导联ST段是否抬高分为ST段抬高组和非ST段抬高组;记录两组患者的一般临床资料、实验室相关检查指标、冠脉病变情况以及住院期间是否发生主要不良心脏时间(MACE)等情况。结果:与非ST段抬高组比较,ST段抬高组患者心率较快、收缩压及舒张压较高,Killip分级≥2的比例亦较高(P0.05);ST段抬高组患者血清hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP、c Tn I、CK-MB高于对应组(P0.05),LVEF低于对应组;a VR导联以外ST段压低总例数及幅度亦高于非ST段抬高组(P0.05);ST段抬高组患者中冠脉三支病变以及左主干的比例高于非ST段抬高组(P0.05);与非MECE组比较,MECE组中入院AVR导联ST段抬高的比例及抬高的幅度较高(P0.05);心率、NT-pro BNP、c Tn I、冠脉左主干及三支病变与NSTE-ACS患者入院时a VR导联ST段抬高呈正相关(P0.05),而LVEF与其呈负相关(P0.05);a VR导联ST段抬高是NSTE-ACS患者近期发生MACE的高危因素。结论:心电图a VR导联ST段抬高与严重广泛的冠脉病变及大面积心肌缺血有密切关系,可能是NSTE-ACS患者近期预后的独立危险因素。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.