银杏叶提取物对内毒素诱导巨噬细胞核因子-κB活化及炎性细胞因子表达的调节

探讨银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对内毒素（LPS）诱导RAW264．7细胞核因子-κB（NF-κB）活化及炎性细胞因子基因表达的调节,为银杏叶提取物的临床运用提供理论依据．分别用LPS或EGb761＋LPS处理体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7细胞,采用蛋白质印迹分析检测细胞中NF-κB活性,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA和蛋白的表达．研究结果表明LPS组NF-κB活性和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量在刺激后2～12h明显高于正常对照组,而EGb761＋LPS组NF-κB活性和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均显著低于LPS组．结果提示LPS可诱导RAW264．7细胞NF-κB活化,导致TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达增强,而EGb761能抑制NF-κB活化而调节TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因的表达．     

溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道通透性改变与TNF-α及NF-κB P65的关系

目的：采用2.5%葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）定量灌胃诱导小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）,观察小鼠结肠通透性改变与肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）及NF-κB p65的关系。方法：48只ICR小鼠随机分为2组（n=24）：对照组和模型组。模型组小鼠给予2.5% DSS定量灌胃诱发小鼠急性UC,对照组小鼠予同体积的蒸馏水灌胃代替。记录两组小鼠疾病活动指数（DAI）,9 d后测定两组小鼠结肠组织病理学评分、结肠通透性、TNF-α及NF-κB p65。统计分析DAI、结肠通透性、TNF-α与NF-κB p65之间的相关性。结果：与对照组比较,模型组小鼠DAI、结肠病理学评分、结肠通透性、TNF-α、NF-κB p65均显著增高（P均<0.01）。小鼠DAI增高与结肠通透性密切相关（P均<0.01）,结肠通透性增高与TNF-α、NF-κB p65密切相关（P均<0.01）。结论：与对照组小鼠相比,DSS造模小鼠的结肠通透性显著增高,并与TNF-α、NF-κB p65增高呈正相关。TNF-α、NF-κB p65增高导致结肠通透性增高,进而导致炎症免疫反应过度增强,可能是UC发病的重要环节。     

黄芩苷对脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞NF-κB活化和炎症因子表达的影响

目的:研究黄芩苷对脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠巨噬细胞核因子κB(NF-κB)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)表达的影响.方法:分别用LPS(终浓度1μgomL-1)和LPs+黄芩苷(终浓度10,50,100μmol moloL-1)处理生长良好的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7,用RT-PCR法和Elisa法检测细胞及其上清液中TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA和蛋白的表达变化,用Western Blot法检测细胞核内NF-κB p65蛋白含量变化.结果:LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞可导致NF-κB激活,上调TNF-α、IL-6表达;黄芩苷预处理能降低LPS诱导的NF-κB出活化和TNF-α、IL-6表达.结论:黄芩苷可通过抑制NF-κB活化,下调LPS诱导的巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-6的生成,发挥抗炎作用.这可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制之一.     

双氢杨梅素对缺氧诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应和凋亡的影响及机制

目的:探讨双氢杨梅素对缺氧诱导的心肌细胞炎症和凋亡的影响及其可能调控机制。方法:将心肌细胞(H9C2细胞系)缺氧处理建立细胞模型,随机分为4组:对照组、对照+双氢杨梅素组、缺氧组、缺氧+双氢杨梅素组。对照+双氢杨梅素组和缺氧+双氢杨梅素组分别加入5μmol/L的双氢杨梅素孵育24 h,对照组和缺氧组分别加入同等体积的DMSO孵育24 h。实时PCR检测心肌细胞CD40、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、mi RNA-145-5p的m RNA水平;ELISA检测IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的浓度;MTT实验检测心肌细胞生存率;Tunel法检测心肌细胞凋亡;Western blot检测心肌细胞Cleaved Caspase3的表达。结果:与对照组和对照+双氢杨梅素组相比,缺氧组CD40、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的m RNA水平升高(P0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度显著升高(P0.05),mi RNA-145-5p的m RNA水平显著降低(P0.05),心肌细胞生存率显著降低(P0.05),心肌细胞凋亡显著增加(P0.05),Cleaved Caspase3的蛋白表达显著增加;与缺氧组相比,缺氧+双氢杨梅素组CD40、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的m RNA水平显著降低(P0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度显著降低(P0.05),mi RNA-145-5p的m RNA水平显著增加(P0.05),心肌细胞生存率显著增加(P0.05),心肌细胞凋亡显著降低(P0.05),Cleaved Caspase3的蛋白表达显著降低。结论:双氢杨梅素可抑制缺氧诱导的心肌细胞炎症和凋亡,其机制可能与双氢杨梅素上调mi RNA-145-5p进一步抑制CD40介导的炎症反应和凋亡有关。     

PRMT6过表达在NF-κB/p65介导小鼠肺气肿炎症反应中的作用

[目的]观察蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶6(PRMT6)过表达在NF-κB/p65介导小鼠肺气肿模型炎症反应中的作用及机制。[方法]80只Balb/c小鼠暴露于香烟烟雾建立肺气肿模型,随机分为阴性对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(空白慢病毒载体气管内滴注)和PRMT6过表达组(PRMT6慢病毒载体气管内滴注)各20只。HE法观察肺组织形态学,Western Blot测定肺组织PRMT6表达。ELISA测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平。[结果]与阴性对照组比较,模型组和阳性对照组小鼠气道阻力、BALF和肺组织匀浆TNF-α及IL-8水平、肺组织NF-κB/p65表达均升高,动态肺顺应性、肺组织PRMT6相对表达量降低(P<0.05);与模型组和阳性对照组比较,PRMT6过表达组小鼠气道阻力、BALF和肺组织匀浆TNF-α及IL-8水平、肺组织NF-κB/p65表达降低,动态肺顺应性、肺组织PRMT6相对表达水平升高(P<0.05)。[结论]PRMT6过表达可能通过抑制肺气肿小鼠肺组织NF-κB/p65核转位,发挥抗炎作用,改善肺功能。     

脓毒症致大鼠急性肾损伤中炎症介质的变化及机制探讨

目的观察脓毒症致大鼠急性肾损伤(AKI)中血清和肾脏组织中炎症介质的变化及肾脏组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达,探讨脓毒症致大鼠急性肾损伤的可能机制。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)和盲肠结扎穿孔组(CLP组)。CLP组大鼠采用盲肠结扎穿孔法建立脓毒症动物模型,Sham组除不结扎穿孔盲肠外,其余处理同脓毒症组。分别于造模后6h、12h和24h观察各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平,肾脏组织中Toll样受体4(TLR4)和高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)mRNA表达;免疫组化法检测肾小管中NF-κB p65的表达,分析NF-κB p65核阳性率。结果与相同时间点Sham组比较,CLP组6h~12h大鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6水平明显升高(P0.01),CLP组6h~24h大鼠肾脏组织中TLR4mRNA表达明显升高(P0.01),CLP组12h~24h大鼠肾脏组织中HMGB1mRNA表达明显升高(P0.01),CLP组6h~24h大鼠肾小管中NF-κB p65核阳性率升高(P0.05~P0.01)。结论随脓毒症致AKI病程的延长,大鼠肾脏组织中TLR4和HMGB1mRNA表达和NF-κB p65核阳性率明显升高,其机制可能与TLR4介导的炎症通路密切相关。     

姜黄素通过NF-κB/miR33a通路对ox-LDL刺激THP-1巨噬细胞分泌的影响及机制

为研究姜黄素对ox-LDL刺激的THP-1巨噬细胞炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的分泌及相关机制。本实验分别予姜黄素、miR33a inhibitor、吡咯烷二硫代甲酸铵(ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate,PDTC)处理氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein,ox-LDL)刺激的人单核细胞白血病细胞(human acute monocytic leukemia cell line,THP-1)型巨噬细胞,RT-qPCR测定微型RNA33a(MicroRNA33a,miR33a)的表达,Western blot检测胞核内NF-κB p65的表达、IκBα和p-IκBα的表达,ELISA测定IL-6、TNF-α的浓度。结果显示与空白对照组相比,ox-LDL组miR33a、NF-κB p65、p-IκBα的表达及p-IκBα/IκBα的比值及IL-6、TNF-α的浓度增加(P 0. 05),IκBα的表达减少(P 0. 05);而与ox-LDL组相比,ox-LDL+姜黄素组miR33a、NF-κB p65、p-IκBα的表达及p-IκBα/IκBα的比值及IL-6、TNF-α的浓度减少(P 0. 05),IκBα的表达增加(P 0. 05)。姜黄素可能抑制ox-LDL刺激的THP-1巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α的分泌,其机制可能是通过下调NF-κB/miR33a信号通路。     

miR-124-3p靶向TLR4抑制流感病毒性肺炎小鼠的炎症反应

目的:探讨miR-124-3p靶向Toll样受体4(TLR4)对流感病毒性肺炎小鼠炎症反应的影响。方法:建立流感病毒亚洲甲型鼠肺适应株(FM1)感染所致病毒性肺炎小鼠模型,采用RT-qPCR测定肺组织miRNA-124-3p表达水平。病毒性肺炎小鼠尾部注射miR-124-3p agomir或agomir NC后,第4 d摘眼球取血并取出肺组织,ELISA检测血浆中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,Western印迹测定TLR4和核转录因子κB(NF-κB)p65蛋白水平。结果:与正常肺组织比较,病毒性肺炎小鼠肺组织miR-124-3p表达量降低(P0.001);miR-124-3p agomir注射组小鼠血浆中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α明显低于注射agomir NC组和模型组(P0.001),而高于正常组;HE染色结果表明miR-124-3p agomir注射组小鼠的肺组织炎细胞渗出和浸润较agomir NC组和模型组减轻;与agomir NC组比较,miR-124-3p agomir注射组的TLR4、NF-κB p65表达减少(P0.01)。结论:miR-124-3p抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路减轻流感病毒性肺炎小鼠的炎症反应。     

齐墩果酸抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞炎症因子表达及其机制研究

探讨齐墩果酸(Oleanolic acid,OA)对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞的炎症因子表达的影响及其机制。首先复苏培养人成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(FLS),通过RT-PCR检测细胞IL-6及IL-1βmRNA表达,采用Western blot方法检测p38MAPK及NF-κB蛋白表达变化,通过ELISA法检测细胞上清液中IL-6及IL-1β浓度。与对照组比较,TNF-α明显诱导FLS细胞IL-6及IL-1βmRNA的表达及上清液中IL-6及IL-1β的分泌(P0.05),同时磷酸化p38蛋白和核NF-κB明显增加(P0.05),且p38MAPK阻断剂SB203580能抑制TNF-α诱导的核NF-κB增加。OA呈浓度依赖性抑制TNF-α诱导的FLS细胞p38蛋白磷酸化和核NF-κB增加(P0.05)。且OA、p38MAPK通路抑制剂SB203580或NF-κB阻断剂BAY 11-7082均能抑制TNF-α诱导的IL-6及IL-1β分泌增加(P0.05)。综上所述,OA能抑制TNF-α诱导的FLS细胞炎症因子IL-6及IL-1β的产生,其机制可能与抑制p38MAPK/NF-κB信号通路有关。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism