中国西北地区胃粘膜肠上皮化生危险因素调查

目的:明确中国西北地区人群胃粘膜肠上皮化生的危险因素。方法:通过病例对照研究,采用问卷调查表的形式,纳入了从2014年8月到2015年4月西京医院门诊就诊的具有胃镜检查报告单和/或胃粘膜病理检查报告单的患者。幽门螺杆菌的检测采用13C-/14C-尿素呼气试验或者快速尿素酶试验。结果:本研究共纳入了1800例患者,其中胃粘膜肠上皮化生患者261例。胃粘膜肠上皮化生的危险因素为年龄艹60岁(OR,2.317;95%CI 1.668-3.220;P0.001)、幽门螺杆菌感染(OR,2.911;95%CI2.339-3.623;P0.001)、吸烟(OR,2.322;95%CI 1.553-3.470;P0.001)、胃癌家族史(OR,2.229;95%CI 1.444-3.439;P0.001)、高盐饮食(OR,1.557;95%CI 1.118-2.168;P=0.009)、辛辣刺激饮食(OR,1.551;95%CI 1.121-2.147;P=0.008)、胆汁反流(OR,1.851;95%CI 1.135-3.021;P=0.014)。结论:我国西北地区胃粘膜肠上皮化生的危险因素为年龄艹60岁、幽门螺杆菌感染、吸烟、胃癌家族史、高盐饮食、辛辣饮食和胆汁反流。     

徐州市学龄期儿童肥胖现况调查及影响因素分析

目的:对徐州学龄期儿童的肥胖现状进行调查,分析其肥胖原因,以期找到有效的预防方法。方法:随机选取2014年1月-2016年1月徐州市学龄期儿童1021例,采用自理调查量表收集儿童及其父母的基本情况,统计儿童肥胖发生率,采用Logistic多因素回归分析儿童肥胖的影响因素。结果:男童肥胖率为11.15%(58/520),女童肥胖率为5.79%(29/501),男童肥胖率明显高于女童(P0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析显示,儿童肥胖危险因素有家族肥胖史(OR=3.647)、食欲(OR=2.065)、垃圾食品(OR=3.032)、甜食(OR=2.937),保护因素为周末运动时间(OR=-0.865)、体育特长(OR=-0.641)。结论:徐州学龄期儿童肥胖情况较为严重,应当控制肥胖儿童卡路里的摄入,积极进行体育锻炼,从各方面进行防治。     

社区居民对基因检测服务需求意愿及其影响因素调查分析

目的:了解社区居民对基因检测服务的知晓、需求状况及需求意愿的影响因素。方法:采用典型抽样方法,对杭州市下城区1647户居民进行问卷调查。结果:调查人群对基因检测知晓率为21.8%,需求率为12.7%,有需求意愿的占到61.9%。有无家庭成员患病(OR=1.619,95%CI=1.279-2.049)、对基因检测服务知晓情况(OR=2.368,95%CI=1.782-3.146)、有无家族遗传史(OR=2.784,95%CI=1.685-4.600)年龄(x2=27.210,P<0.001)、对婚前基因检测的认可度(x2=23.185,P<0.001)等五个因素对社区居民基因检测服务需求意愿有显著影响。结论:社区居民对基因检测服务需求意愿较强,但是知晓率、需求率均偏低。有待加强相关方面的宣传、教育、培训等工作。     

新诊断标准下妊娠期糖尿病高危因素研究

目的:调查新诊断标准下国内妊娠期糖尿病(Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM)的发病情况,分析影响GDM发生的高危因素,为新标准下国内GDM孕妇临床早期管理、诊断和干预提供理论依据。方法:对2011年1月至2011年9月我院接受产前建卡检查的所有孕妇1152例进行临床资料的收集及回顾性研究,排除孕前糖尿病患者16例,采用GDM诊断新标准进行"一步法"诊断,收集包括年龄、孕产次、体质指数(body mass index BMI)、糖尿病家族史、多囊卵巢综合征等13种影响GDM发生的危险因素,并综合分析。结果:新标准下GDM检出率为10.39%(118/1136)2)单因素分析结果发现年龄≥35岁(X2=10.2814,P=0.0013)、肥胖(孕前BMI≥28kg/m2()X2=36.2384,P<0.0001)、多囊卵巢综合征(X2=20.6725,P<0.0001)、糖尿病家族史(X2=7.8783,P=0.0050)在GDM组与非GDM组有统计学差异,多因素逐步Logistic回归分析肥胖(OR=7.546 95%CI=2.356~20.129 P=0.0002)、多囊卵巢综合征(OR=6.342 95%CI=1.783~16.329,P=0.0019)、年龄(OR=3.021 95%CI=0.983~6.459 P=0.0108)、糖尿病家族史(OR=2.43895%CI=0.612~5.231 P=0.0256)为GDM的高危因素。结论:新标准下报告GDM检出率为10.39%。肥胖、多囊卵巢综合征、年龄、糖尿病家族史为影响GDM发生的高危因素。加强GDM筛查并对具有高危因素的妊娠期妇女早期诊断,早期干预、早期管理可改善妊娠结局,提高人口素质。     

单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素分析

目的:探讨单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)的危险因素。方法:选择2017年5月至2019年5月在我院产科分娩的2810例产妇为研究对象,其中97例(3.45%)符合未足月胎膜早破(Preterm premature rupture of membranes,pPROM)标准,包括53例RDS。收集以下信息:PROM潜伏期、出生时胎龄、脐动脉搏动指数(Umbilical artery pulsatility index,UAPI)、大脑中动脉搏动指数(Middle cerebral artery pulsation index,MCAPI)、胎儿窘迫、产前使用类固醇、新生儿实验室参数、性别、体重、Apgar评分、分娩类型、妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖耐量异常或糖尿病等信息,通过Logistic回归分析研究变量对RDS的影响。结果:Logistic回归分析结果显示,以下变量与RDS密切相关:新生儿性别女性(OR=0.517;95%CI:0.312-0.107;P=0.042),产前使用类固醇(OR=0.467;95%CI:0.355-0.698;P0.001),异常UAPI(OR=2.830;95%CI:1.783-6.234;P=0.002),异常MCA PI(OR=2.136;95%CI:1.120-4.017;P=0.032),胎儿窘迫(OR=2.420;95%CI:1.287-4.824;P=0.017),母体HGB(OR=0.689;95%CI:0.511-1.013;P=0.221),新生儿HGB(OR=0.752;95%CI:0.645-0.891;P0.001),新生儿RBC(OR=0.311;95%CI:0.201-0.565;P0.001)。结论:单胎妊娠早产胎膜早破发生RDS危险因素主要是性别、胎儿胎盘循环异常和胎儿窘迫。     

影响儿童重症病房新生儿发生急性肾损伤及预后相关因素分析

目的:评估在儿童重症病房(PICU)中治疗的新生儿发生急性肾损伤(AKI)及影响预后的相关因素。方法:对在我院PICU治疗的215例新生儿进行回顾性研究,采用KDIGO标准对患儿进行诊断与分级,根据新生儿是否发生AKI将新生儿分为AKI组(n=75)与非AKI组(n=140),收集并比较二组患者的临床资料,采用多元逻辑回归分析PCIU新生儿发生AKI的危险因素与AKI预后相关因素。结果:单因素逻辑回归分析表明,菌血症(OR=5.34,95%CI:1.37-20.33,P=0.013)、较低基线e GFR(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.89-0.97,P=0.002)与最大钠浓度(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.03-1.25,P=0.022)为新生儿发生AKI的独立相关因素。死亡率、长期LMV只与AKI(Ⅱ+Ⅲ)阶段相关(P0.05),而LOS无论调整前后均只与AKI(Ⅱ+Ⅲ)阶段相关(P0.05)。结论:PCIU治疗的AKI新生儿死亡率增加,菌血症、较低基线估计肾小球滤过率和最大钠浓度与急性肾损伤独立相关。     

江苏北部某村农民高血压的危险因素及控制情况分析

目的:研究江苏北部某村农民高血压的危险因素及控制情况,为农村高血压疾病的防控提供更多的参考依据。方法:选择2018年1月~2018年12月江苏北部某村124名农民高血压患者作为观察组,124名非高血压人群作为对照组,通过应用单因素和多因素分析方法分析其高血压发病的主要危险因素,并统计其血压控制情况。结果:单因素分析结果显示超重或肥胖(OR=6.038,P<0.001)、高盐饮食(OR=6.167,P<0.001)、高油饮食(OR=9.626,P=0.002)、家族史(OR=8.008,P<0.001)、缺乏体育锻炼(OR=4.202,P<0.001)、吸烟(OR=3.067,P<0.001)等因素与该村农民高血压发生显著相关。多因素分析结果显示超重或肥胖(Exp(B)=3.931,P<0.001)、家族史(Exp(B)=6.212,P<0.001)、高盐饮食(Exp(B)=2.257,P<0.001)、缺乏体育锻炼(Exp(B)=3.393,P=0.007)、吸烟(Exp(B)=2.513,P=0.018)是该村农民高血压发生的危险因素。124例高血压患者的血压控制率为47.58%(59/124),不同性别和年龄段农民高血压患者的血压控制率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:高血压发病是遗传因素和生活习惯共同作用的结果,超重或肥胖、高盐饮食、缺乏体育锻炼、吸烟是农村地区高血压发病的危险因素。农村高血压的控制情况一般,需引起重视。     

饮食提示卡在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者中的应用

目的:探讨饮食提示卡在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者护理中的临床效应。方法:选取62例冠心病行PCI治疗术后患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各31例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用饮食提示卡进行护理干预,比较两组患者血压、血脂、血糖的控制情况,饮食知识的知晓率,治疗的依从性以及护理的满意度。结果:实施干预后,试验组血压、血脂、血糖的控制率优于对照组(P0.05),饮食知识知晓率高于对照组(P0.01),治疗的依从性与护理的满意度优于对照组(P0.01)。结论:饮食提示卡能使PCI术后患者对危险因素进行有效地控制,提高对知识的掌握,增加治疗的依从性,提高护理质量。     

脑卒中患者血管危险因素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的研究脑卒中患者血管危险因素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法受试者151人主要为脑梗死及椎-基底动脉供血不足病例。将所有受试对象行颈动脉超声检查,采用二分类变量的Logistic回归分析方法对其危险因素进行筛选,找出与颈动脉粥样硬化改变相关的因素。结果年龄及吸烟与颈动脉内中膜增厚之间存在相关性,P=0.006（OR=1.08,95%CI 1.02-1.14）和0.01（OR=5.09,95%CI 1.47-17.61）;年龄、吸烟同样与颈动脉斑块之间存在相关性,P=0.006（ORn=n1.06,95%CI 1.06-1.11）和0.04（ORn=2.97,95%CI 1.04-8.50）,收缩压与颈动脉斑块呈正相关,P=0.04（OR=1.03,95%CI 1.00-1.05）,舒张压与颈动脉斑块呈负相关P=0.04（OR=0.96,95%CI 0.92-1.00）。结论随年龄的增大动脉内中膜增厚及颈动脉斑块的患病率增加,吸烟者内中膜增厚及颈动脉斑块比率高于不吸烟者;收缩压增加颈动脉斑块患病率增加,舒张压增加斑块患病率下降。     

支气管哮喘患者疾病认知状况调查及控制水平的影响因素分析

目的:调查支气管哮喘患者疾病认知状况,并分析控制水平的影响因素。方法:选取2018年7月~2020年7月期间贵州医科大学附属医院诊治的支气管哮喘患者100例,采用面对面问卷调查的方式调查所有患者疾病认知状况。采用哮喘控制测试(ACT)对患者哮喘控制水平进行评估。根据ACT结果将患者分为哮喘未控制组(n=57)和哮喘控制组(n=43)。分析哮喘控制水平的影响因素。结果:支气管哮喘患者对疾病认知相关问题的回答正确率均在60%以上,但仅有12%的患者使用过峰流速仪。本研究中100例患者均完成ACT,其中完全控制17例,控制良好26例,未控制57例,分别占比17.00%、26.00%、57.00%,哮喘控制率为43.00%。由单因素分析显示,支气管哮喘患者的哮喘控制水平与性别、家庭月收入、文化程度、家族史、吸烟史、居住处是否空气污染、病程、哮喘用药依从性、使用吸入性糖皮质激素治疗、抑郁情况、焦虑情况有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:焦虑情况、抑郁情况、居住处空气污染、吸烟史是支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制水平的危险因素,而哮喘用药依从性、使用吸入性糖皮质激素治疗是支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制水平的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:支气管哮喘患者对疾病有一定的正确认知,但仍未达到理想状态。哮喘控制水平受多种因素影响,可根据相关影响因素做出针对性的干预措施,以改善支气管哮喘控制水平。     

支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素及其家长知信行问卷调查分析

摘要 目的：调查支气管哮喘患儿家长知信行情况,并分析支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素。方法：于2016年7月~2020年7月期间,选取我院收治的500例支气管哮喘患儿及其家长作为研究对象。患儿家长知信行情况采用《哮喘患儿家长知信行问卷》调查。患儿近4周的病情控制水平参照《诸福棠实用儿科学(第8版)》中的相关标准进行确定,病情控制水平包括良好控制、部分控制和未控制。将良好控制、部分控制的患儿纳为哮喘控制组,将未控制的患儿纳为哮喘未控制组。采用本院自制的调查量表调查患儿及其家长的信息,分析支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素。结果：支气管哮喘儿童家长知信行情况不容乐观。支气管哮喘患儿病情控制率为38.06%（187/491）。单因素分析结果表明,支气管哮喘患儿病情控制与家庭人均月收入、患儿个人过敏史、家长受教育程度、哮喘家族史、是否坚持长期用药、是否定期复诊有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,家长受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、患儿个人过敏史、哮喘家族史、是否坚持长期用药、是否定期复诊均是支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：本研究中支气管哮喘患儿病情控制水平一般,且支气管哮喘儿童家长知信行情况不容乐观,其中家长受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、患儿个人过敏史等均是支气管哮喘患儿病情控制的影响因素,临床中应结合相关因素进行针对性的干预或治疗,以期实现对支气管哮喘患儿病情的良好控制。     

5岁以下哮喘患儿血清过敏原病例对照研究及相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨5岁以下哮喘儿童与血清特异性过敏原（specific IgE,sIgE）的分布情况。方法：本研究采用免疫印迹法对 2019 年1月至 2019 年12月在西安交通大学第二附属医院住院的5岁以下62例哮喘患儿和49例喘息患儿的行血清特异性过敏原检测,对比分析5岁以下哮喘和喘息儿童过敏原分布情况及与哮喘的发病关系。结果：户尘螨、猫毛皮屑、狗毛皮屑、蒿草、葎草、桤杨柳山毛榉橡胡桃、烟曲霉、念珠菌点青霉分枝孢霉交链孢霉黑曲霉吸入过敏原和花生黄豆、腰果开心果榛子杏仁核桃、虾蟹、桃苹果芒果荔枝草莓食物过敏原这12类过敏原在哮喘组与喘息组有显著差异（P<0.05）,与哮喘发病有关。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示户尘螨、猫毛皮屑、坚果类、霉菌、水果类是哮喘发病的危险因素（P<0.05）。户尘螨、猫毛皮屑和虾蟹是男性哮喘患儿发病的危险因素,念珠菌点青霉分枝孢霉交链孢霉黑曲霉是女性哮喘患儿发病的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：血清特异性（sIgE）过敏原在哮喘与喘息患儿中分布不同,同时发现过敏原在哮喘患儿中存在性别差异,故对哮喘患儿进行过敏性检测可以作为回避过敏原的依据。     

Survey of parents' attitudes to the recommended Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine program.

A survey was conducted in a general pediatric practice to determine parents'' attitudes to and compliance with the recommended Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine program. Of 133 families surveyed 127 (95%) responded to the questionnaire. About one third of the parents did not have their children vaccinated. The decision against vaccination was made despite parent education, follow-up telephone contact and the pediatrician''s expressed support of the vaccine program. Most of the respondents (86%) had no previous knowledge of the vaccine. The factor of greatest concern was the possibility of an adverse reaction. This concern was significantly more common among the parents who decided not to have their children vaccinated than among those who had their children vaccinated (chi 2 = 6.52, p less than 0.025). One third of the parents who indicated that they intended to have their children vaccinated required a telephone reminder. The findings suggest a need for public education about the vaccine, with particular emphasis directed at allaying fears about side effects.     

Sex-Based Differences in Asthma among Preschool and School-Aged Children in Korea

The purpose of this study was to explore risk factors related to asthma prevalence among preschool and school-aged children using a representative national dataset from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted from 2009–2011. We evaluated the demographic information, health status, household environment, socioeconomic status, and parents’ health status of 3,542 children aged 4–12 years. A sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals after accounting for primary sample units, stratification, and sample weights. The sex-specific asthma prevalence in the 4- to 12-year-old children was 7.39% in boys and 6.27% in girls. Boys and girls with comorbid atopic dermatitis were more likely to have asthma than those without atopic dermatitis (boys: OR = 2.20, p = 0.0071; girls: OR = 2.33, p = 0.0031). Boys and girls with ≥1 asthmatic parent were more likely to have asthma than those without asthmatic parents (boys: OR = 3.90, p = 0.0006; girls: OR = 3.65, p = 0.0138). As girls got older, the prevalence of asthma decreased (OR = 0.90, p = 0.0408). Girls residing in rural areas were 60% less likely to have asthma than those residing in urban areas (p = 0.0309). Boys with ≥5 family members were more likely to have asthma than those with ≤3 family members (OR = 2.45, p = 0.0323). The factors related to asthma prevalence may differ depending on sex in preschool and school-aged children. By understanding the characteristics of sex-based differences in asthma, individualized asthma management plans may be established clinically.     

Parents' difficulties and information needs in coping with acute illness in preschool children: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and explore difficulties parents experience with acute illness in young children and the information they seek to help them. DESIGN: Qualitative study using semi-structured one t one and group interviews with parents of preschool children. SETTING: Disadvantaged inner city community. SUBJECTS: 95 parents of preschool children. RESULTS: Parents felt disempowered when dealing with acute illness in their children because of difficulties making sense of the illness. Central to parents'' difficulties were their experiences of inadequate information sharing by their general practitioners and variations in their doctors'' decisions and behaviour. Disparity between parents'' beliefs and expectations about illness and treatment and professionals'' behaviour further frustrated parents'' attempts to understand illness. Parents expressed a need for a range of accessible and specific information to support them through their negotiation of children''s illness. CONCLUSIONS: Communication with parents requires greater recognition of parents'' difficulties. Professionals have considerable potential to empower parents by sharing more information and skills. Such information should be consistent and address parents'' concerns, beliefs, and expressed needs if this potential is to be realised.     

Prevalence,Awareness, Treatment and Control of Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and glycemic control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a Chinese population. The findings from this study are expected to offer scientific evidence to better prevent and control the growing number of reported and untreated cases.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jiangsu, China. We recruited permanent residents over 18 years of age from eight towns in Jintan (JT) and six towns in Yangzhong (YZ) using a three-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The rates of DM prevalence, awareness, treatment and control as well as their related factors were analyzed.ResultsA total number of 15404 people were entered into the analysis. The DM prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates were 7.31%, 58.35%, 51.87% and 14.12%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being female was positively related to prevalence (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.37), awareness (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.19–1.93), treatment (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17–1.88) and control (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.30–2.67) of DM. Having a family history of diabetes was significantly correlated with DM risk (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.37–2.54) and increased awareness (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 2.19–4.47), treatment (OR = 3.47, 95% CI: 2.45–4.90) and control (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.22–2.68) of DM. Former smoking status (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.23–2.71), overweight (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.72–2.60) and obesity (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 2.67–4.50) were related to the risk of DM. Additionally, we found current drinking status to be positively correlated with DM risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01–1.66) and negatively correlated with DM awareness (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29–0.59) and treatment (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29–0.59). Our study highlights the high prevalence and inadequate awareness, treatment and control of DM in the Chinese population.ConclusionsManagement and prevention of DM-related complications should be considered an essential strategy by governments and society. This study assessed the reasons why DM has been increasing and established the first step in determining where to start regarding preventative methods.     

小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的疗效及改善机体炎症反应和免疫力的效果研究

摘要 目的：探讨小儿喘息性支气管炎经布地奈德雾化吸入、小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合治疗后的疗效及改善机体炎症反应和免疫力的效果。方法：选取2018年1月~2022年6月期间我院收治的60例小儿喘息性支气管炎作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=30,接受布地奈德单药治疗）和观察组（n=30,接受布地奈德联合小儿肺热咳喘口服液治疗）。对比两组临床疗效、临床症状改善情况、T淋巴细胞亚群、炎症因子和不良反应。结果：与对照组73.33%（22/30）比较,观察组临床总有效率93.33%（28/30）明显升高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组热退时间和哮鸣音/咳嗽/喘息消失时间更短（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组治疗5 d后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺更高,CD8⁺更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组治疗5 d后C反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）更低（P<0.05）。两组均未出现明显的药物不良反应。结论：小儿喘息性支气管炎采用小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,可使症状缓解时间缩短,降低患儿炎症因子水平,提高其免疫力。     

Is childhood asthma being underdiagnosed and undertreated?

Thirty-four cases of asthma in children referred to outpatient clinics in Newcastle upon Tyne (16 cases) and London (18 cases) were reviewed. In both cities there was evidence of inappropriate diagnosis and treatment by general practitioners. One of the main factors seemed to be doctors'' reluctance to use the word "asthma," even when a history of episodic wheezing strongly suggested the diagnosis. Freer use of the word "asthma" might help parents to co-operate in managing asthmatic children and allow them to be better prepared to cope with severe asthmatic attacks if they occur.     

呼出气一氧化氮浓度与儿童哮喘病情控制及不同哮喘亚型的相关性研究

目的:探讨呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)浓度与儿童哮喘病情控制及不同哮喘亚型的相关性。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月期间于我院确诊为支气管哮喘及毛细支气管炎的患儿各60例,分别设为哮喘组与毛细支气管炎组,另选取同期于我院进行体检的健康儿童40例作为对照组。哮喘组与毛细支气管炎组分别在治疗前、治疗后1 h及治疗后4周测定FeNO,对照组在体检时测定FeNO。对比对照组体检时以及哮喘组、毛细支气管炎组患儿不同治疗时期的FeNO浓度变化;哮喘组患儿根据不同病情控制情况分为哮喘控制组、哮喘部分控制组与哮喘未控制组,根据不同哮喘亚型分为咳嗽变异性组与非咳嗽变异性组,分析FeNO与哮喘患儿疾病控制情况、哮喘亚型的相关性。结果:哮喘组治疗前的FeNO浓度高于毛细支气管炎组治疗前和对照组体检时的FeNO浓度(P0.05);与治疗前与治疗后1 h比较,治疗4周后哮喘组与毛细支气管炎组患儿FeNO浓度降低(P0.05),治疗后1 h及治疗4周后哮喘组FeNO浓度高于毛细支气管炎组(P0.05)。哮喘控制组FeNO浓度低于部分控制组与哮喘未控制组,哮喘部分控制组FeNO浓度低于哮喘未控制组,咳嗽变异性组FeNO浓度高于非咳嗽变异性组(P0.05)。FeNO浓度与病情控制呈负相关,FeNO浓度越低,病情控制程度越好(r=-0.512,P=0.034)。结论:哮喘患儿的FeNO浓度高于毛细支气管炎患儿、健康儿童,且与患儿哮喘的病情控制存在相关性,可作为哮喘患儿的辅助诊断指标。     

Airway Microbiota in Severe Asthma and Relationship to Asthma Severity and Phenotypes

BackgroundThe lower airways harbor a community of bacterial species which is altered in asthma.ObjectivesWe examined whether the lower airway microbiota were related to measures of asthma severity.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 26 severe asthma, 18 non-severe asthma and 12 healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from induced sputum and PCR amplification of the V3-V5 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed.ResultsWe obtained 138,218 high quality sequences which were rarefied at 133 sequences/sample. Twenty OTUs had sequences ≥1% of total. There were marked differences in the distribution of Phyla between groups (P = 2.8x10^-118). Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were reduced in non-severe and severe asthmatic groups. Proteobacteria were more common in non-severe asthmatics compared to controls (OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.94–2.64) and Firmicutes were increased in severe asthmatics compared to controls (OR = 2.15; 95%CI = 1.89–2.45). Streptococcal OTUs amongst the Firmicutes were associated with recent onset asthma, rhinosinusitis and sputum eosinophilia.ConclusionsSputum microbiota in severe asthma differs from healthy controls and non-severe asthmatics, and is characterized by the presence of Streptococcus spp with eosinophilia. Whether these organisms are causative for the pathophysiology of asthma remains to be determined.