盐地碱蓬内生菌Neocamarosporium sp. ZLM-26次级代谢产物

本研究对盐地碱蓬内生菌Neocamarosporium sp. ZLM-26的活性次级代谢产物进行了挖掘。采用薄层色谱、硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等分离方法,从该菌株大米培养基发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到6个单体化合物,经波谱学解析和文献数据对比,鉴定6个化合物分别为：5-butyl-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one(1)、(7S)-xylariolide E(2)、(6S)-xylariolide D(3)、diaporpyrone A(4)、4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(5)和2-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenol(6)。分别采用CCK-8法和96孔板法评估了6个化合物的抗肿瘤和抗菌活性。结果显示,6个化合物(50 μmol/L)对胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、PANC-1的增殖无明显抑制作用;而化合物4对大肠杆菌有较好的增殖抑制活性,化合物5、6对铜绿假单胞菌有较好的增殖抑制活性。化合物1为1个新的天然产物,本研究首次报道了其核磁数据和抗菌活性。此外,化合物1–4均为首次从新凸轮孢菌属真菌中分离得到。     

广藿香内生真菌Daldinia eschscholtzii A630次级代谢产物及其细胞毒活性研究

采用色谱法从广藿香内生真菌Daldinia eschscholtzii发酵液中分离得到9个化合物,通过波谱数据分析分别鉴定为dihydrosphaerolone(1)、2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one(2)、6-hydroxymellein(3)、4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone(4)、8-methoxy-1-naphthol(5)、helicascolide A(6)、1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one(7)、1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one(8)、diisobutyl phthalate(9),其中化合物5、9为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。细胞毒活性测试显示化合物6、7对肿瘤细胞SF-268、MCF-7、NCI-H460、Hep G-2具有较好的抑制活性,IC50值在16.52~28.42μmol/L之间。     

川芎内生菌Pseudeurotium ovale代谢产物研究

通过大孔树脂柱层析、凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱等方法对川芎中分离得到的内生菌Pseudeurotium ovale的代谢物进行分离纯化,从中分离得到5个化合物,并通过核磁共振和质谱等波谱学技术手段确认所有化合物的结构,其中包含一个新的化合物4-methoxy-3-methyl-6-(1 E,3 E)-1,3-pentadien-1-yl-2 H-pyran-2-one(1)和四个首次从中分离得到的已知化合物:(2 E,4 E)-1-(2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-hexadien-1-one(2)、2-deoxy-sohirnone C(3)、trichodimerol(4)、3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-dimethyl-dibenzofuran(5)。体外抗炎活性测试表明化合物1可抑制经脂多糖(LPS)处理的RAW 264.7细胞中NO、IL-6和TNF-α等炎症因子的分泌。     

药用植物内生放线菌的生物活性及菌株D62的代谢产物分析

利用琼脂移块法及WST-8法分别对分离自西双版纳药用植物的165株内生放线菌进行了抗菌、抗肿瘤活性测定。结果显示,超过42%的菌株对病原菌表现出拮抗活性,且对病原真菌的总体拮抗活性明显强于土壤放线菌;78%的菌株表现出抗肿瘤活性,且大部分菌株(54.5%)具有强抗肿瘤活性。选取其中对真菌及肿瘤细胞均有高抑制活性的菌株D62,并对其次生代谢产物进行了进一步的研究,共分离得6个化合物,分别是Antimycin A4a(1),Antimycin A7a(2)、Antimycin A2a(3)、Antimycin A1a(4)、10-hydroxy-10-methyl-dodec-2-en-1,4-olide(5)及6-(2-(4-aminophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one(6),其中化合物6为新化合物。以上结果表明药用植物内生放线菌作为一类新的微生物资源具有很好的开发潜力。     

千根草化学成分研究Ⅱ

本实验的目的是为了研究千根草全草的化学成分及其细胞毒活性。采用多种柱色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,从千根草中分离得到7个化合物,经NMR和HR-ESI-MS鉴定它们的结构为开环异落叶松树脂酚(1)、二氢去氢二愈创木基醇(2)、3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propyl acetate(3)、3,3'-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)(4)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、butylbrevifolin carboxylate(6)和芹菜素(7)。化合物1~6为首次从该植物中分离得到。采用MTT法检测不同浓度的药物(化合物1~4和6)对Huh7.5和A549细胞活力的影响。当药物浓度为40μMol/L时,化合物6能明显地抑制这两株细胞的增殖。     

1株地衣内生真菌Preussia africana的化学成分

对分离自树花属地衣Ramalina sp.的1株内生真菌Preussia africana乙酸乙酯提取物抑制5种人参病原真菌的活性进行了初步鉴定,均具有抑真菌活性,并对其次生代谢产物的化学成分进行了分析。采用色谱分离和NMR等波谱技术对分离得到的单体化合物进行结构解析,从中得到了14个化合物,分别鉴定为zygosporin E(1)、cytochalasin C(2)、cytochalasin Q(3)、cytochalasin D(4)、1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one(5)、7-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-isochromen-1-one(6)、2-(2′-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone(7)、preussochromoneC(8)、5-methoxy-3, 5′-dimethyl-2, 3′-oxybiphenyl-1, 1′, 2′-triol(9)、3-hydroxy-5-methylphenylether(10)、(R)-7...     

海洋来源真菌Hansfordia sinuosae中的一个新异香豆素类化合物

对海洋来源真菌Hansfordia sinuosae的化学成分进行研究,采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20柱和半制备HPLC色谱分离纯化,运用1D NMR(1H NMR、13C NMR)、2D NMR(HMQC、1H-1H COSY、HMBC)及MS等现代波谱学方法并结合相关的文献,从中分离鉴定3个异香豆素类化合物,分别为:(E)-6,8-dihydroxy-3-(prop-1-en-1-yl)-1H-isochromen-1-one(1),(R)-6-hydroxymellein(2),3-methyl-6,8-dihydroxyisocoumarin(3)。其中,化合物1为新化合物,化合物3为首次在该种菌株中分离得到。     

牛皮消化学成分研究

通过硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和反相RP-18等多种分离材料从牛皮消的甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到12个化合物,经过核磁、质谱等方法分别鉴定为(5R,3E)-5-methoxy-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-hepten-2-one(1)、咖啡酸甲酯(2)、邻苯二甲酸甲酯(3)、邻苯二甲酸正丁异丁酯(4)、丹皮酚(5)、香草醛(6)、对羟基苯甲醛(7)、1-(4’-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1,2-dione(8),(R)-2-hydroxy-1(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheny)propan-1-one(9)、3-hy-droxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(10)、二-(2-乙基己基)—邻苯二甲酸酯(11)、东莨菪内酯(12),其中化合物1为新化合物,其余化合物从该种中首次分离。     

霍山石斛Stagonosporopsis oculihominis内生真菌次生代谢产物分离鉴定

利用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相、中压、高效液相制备等多种色谱法从霍山石斛Stagonosporopsis oculihominis内生真菌中分离得到17个化合物,分别为acetyl-L-isoleucine(1),N-(4-戊氧基)乙酰胺(2),Nb-乙酰基色胺(3),尿嘧啶(4),1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid(5),2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid(6),腺嘌呤核苷(7),环(L)-脯氨酸-(D)-亮氨酸(8),环(L)-脯氨酸-(L)-亮氨酸(9),环(L)-苯丙氨酸-(L)-亮氨酸(10),油酸(11),α-亚油酸脂油酸(12),8(E)-十六烯酸(13),亚麻酸(14),α-亚油酸脂(15),22E-7αmethoxy-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8(14),22-dien-3β-ol(16),demethylincisterol(17)。所有化合物均首次从Stagonosporopsis oculihominis内生真菌中分离得到,其中化合物1为新天然产物。化合物2、16和17表现出一定的抗肿瘤活性,其中化合物17具有中等抗肿瘤活性,IC50值为39.2~53.2μM。     

异叶三宝木叶的化学成分研究(英文)

从异叶三宝木(Trigonostemon flavidus)叶中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱数据分析鉴定为robustic acid(1),1-[6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-2″,2″-dimethylpyrano-(5″,6″:3,4)]-2-(4’-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanedione(2),3β-ursolic acid(3),(6S,7E)-6-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3,9-dione(4),3(-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(5),(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(6),loliolide(7),methyl P-coumarate(8),和methyl si-napate(9)。化合物1～7和9为首次从三宝木属(Trigonostemon)植物中分离得到。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

Hydroxylation of steroids by Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala jeanselmei and Ceratocystis paradoxa

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense UAMH 9013 to perform steroid biotransformations was reinvestigated using single phase and pulse feed conditions. The following natural steroids served as substrates: dehydroepiandrosterone (1), pregnenolone (2), testosterone (3), progesterone (4), cortisone (5), prednisone (6), estrone (7) and sarsasapogenin (8). The results showed the possible presence of C-7 and C-15 hydroxylase enzymes. This hypothesis was explored using three synthetic androstanes: androstane-3,17-dione (9), androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (10) and 3α,5α-cycloandrost-6-en-17-one (11). These fermentations of non-natural steroids showed that C-7 hydroxylation was as a result of that position being allylic. The evidence also pointed towards the presence of a C-15 hydroxylase enzyme.The eleven steroids were also fed to Exophialajeanselmei var. lecanii-corni UAMH 8783. The results showed that the fungus appears to have very active 5α and 14α-hydroxylase enzymes, and is also capable of carrying out allylic oxidations.Ceratocystis paradoxa UAMH 8784 was grown in the presence of the above-mentioned steroids. The results showed that monooxygenases which effect allylic hydroxylation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement were active. However, redox reactions predominated.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。