鲤疱疹病毒II型ORF25B编码蛋白诱饵载体的构建及其互作蛋白的筛选

【目的】鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,CyHV-2)感染养殖鲫引起的鲫造血器官坏死病,给鲫养殖业造成了重大的经济损失。揭示CyHV-2感染宿主细胞的机制,是建立鲫造血器官坏死病有效防治技术的重要基础。【方法】本研究针对CyHV-2富含抗原表位的ORF25B区域设计引物,扩增ORF25B基因截短序列。将扩增产物克隆至酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7,构建诱饵载体pGBKT7-tORF25B,转化至酵母菌株Y2HGold中。在营养缺陷型培养基上,验证诱饵表达载体pGBKT7-tORF25B对酵母菌Y2HGold自激活现象和毒性作用。利用酵母双杂交技术,将诱饵菌株pGBKT7-tORF25B/Y2HGold与鲫脑组织细胞系(GiCB)cDNA文库杂交。【结果】ORF25B基因截短序列扩增大小约为981 bp,成功构建了诱饵菌株pGBKT7-tORF25B/Y2H Gold,自激活和毒性验证结果表明,诱饵表达载体对酵母菌株无自激活现象,也无毒性作用,初步筛选出4种与tORF25B基因编码蛋白互作的宿主蛋白。【结论】本研究结果为深入开展CyHV-2 ORF25B编码蛋白功能及病毒入侵宿主细胞的机制研究奠定了重要基础。     

玉米酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建及ZmCEN互作蛋白的筛选

为阐明玉米中心蛋白(ZmCEN)的生物学功能,采用酵母双杂交技术对其互作蛋白进行研究。提取玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系‘郑58’幼苗的总RNA,利用SMART技术反转录合成ds cDNA,构建以pGBKT7为载体的酵母双杂交cDNA文库;依据ZmCEN基因的CDS序列设计引物,构建重组诱饵载体(pGBKT7-ZmCEN)转化酵母菌株Y2HGold,检测诱饵载体的毒性与自激活能力后,筛选与玉米中心蛋白(ZmCEN)互作的猎物蛋白。将筛选的互作蛋白NAC67和TONNEAU1b(TON1b)再次验证相互作用,并选取互作蛋白TON1b,采用BiFC实验分别构建ZmCEN-pSPYNE和TON1b-pSPYCE BiFC半分子重组载体,转化拟南芥原生质体,进一步验证它们在细胞内的互作;并利用Uniprot和KEGG在线网站对互作蛋白进行gene ontology(GO)注释分析。结果表明:玉米全株幼苗的cDNA文库库容量达到2.56×107 CFU,文库滴度5.36×108 CFU/mL,符合建库要求。经检测诱饵载体无毒性也无自激活功能,所筛选的cDNA文库经测序和Blast比对分析以及共转验证,最终得到28个与诱饵蛋白ZmCEN互作的蛋白质。GO注释显示互作蛋白参与的生物过程有21种。BiFC结果显示,蛋白TON1b与ZmCEN在拟南芥原生质体细胞内互作而形成互补,从而产生黄色荧光,进一步证实了两者存在互作关系。酵母双杂交系统cDNA文库的成功构建与筛选,为进一步研究玉米ZmCEN及其与互作蛋白的作用机制奠定了基础。     

利用酵母双杂交系统从人胚胎肝脏cDNA文库中筛选与JNKK2相互作用的蛋白

目的:利用酵母双杂交系统,以149位赖氨酸突变成甲硫氨酸的c-Jun N端激酶激酶2(JNKK2)失活突变体(JNKK2KM)为诱饵,从人胎肝文库中筛选能与JNKK2作用的蛋白。方法:构建诱饵质粒p GBKT7-JNKK2KM,将其转化到AH109感受态酵母菌中进行扩增,而后检测融合蛋白表达、自激活活性以及对宿主的毒性;将诱饵酵母菌与含有人胎肝c DNA文库质粒的Y187交配进行酵母双杂交筛选,经缺陷型培养基筛选排除假阳性克隆;取阳性菌落抽提质粒进行酶切鉴定,对鉴定后的阳性克隆进行测序及生物信息学分析,明确筛选出的蛋白信息,通过免疫共沉淀实验验证筛选出的蛋白与JNKK2的相互作用。结果:构建了诱饵质粒,检测到融合蛋白的表达,且无自激活作用,未发现对宿主存在毒性;初步筛选到120个阳性克隆,经多轮重复验证得到阳性克隆11个,经生物信息学分析最后确定3个可以与JNKK2相互作用的新蛋白质分子为鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白β多肽2样蛋白1(GNB2L1)、开放读框60(ORF60)与泛素样修饰物激活酶3(UBA3),免疫共沉淀实验表明它们均能与JNKK2发生相互作用。结论:筛选到3个新的JNKK2相互作用蛋白,为深入探究JNKK2在肝脏中的作用奠定了基础。     

鸭圆环病毒Cap基因酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定

为构建鸭圆环病毒Cap基因酵母双杂交诱饵载体,以本实验室分离鉴定的DuCV GH01株Cap基因为模板,对其进行酵母密码子优化后,连接到pGBKT7载体上构建诱饵质粒,经菌落PCR、酶切鉴定以及测序后,转化酵母菌株Y2HGold感受态,检测诱饵蛋白表达以及诱饵蛋白对酵母细胞毒性和自激活现象。结果表明,优化后的Cap基因全长774bp,成功连接到诱饵载体pGBKT7中,重组质粒pGBKT7-Cap转入酵母细胞后,Western blot检测到50kD左右的蛋白条带,诱饵蛋白对酵母细胞既无毒性,又没有自激活现象。为进一步利用酵母双杂交技术筛选与Cap蛋白互作的蛋白奠定了基础。     

利用酵母双杂交技术筛选与生殖支原体黏附蛋白(MgPa)相互作用的宿主蛋白

从利用基于分离的泛素介导膜蛋白酵母双杂交系统构建的人尿道上皮细胞cDNA文库中筛选生殖支原体(Mg)黏附蛋白(MgPa)的互作蛋白。以pET30a-MgPa为模板,经PCR扩增MgPa基因,将其分别连接到pBT3STE和pBT3SUC载体以构建诱饵质粒pBT3STE-MgPa和pBT3SUC-MgPa;将诱饵质粒分别转化到酵母菌株NMY32内,检测其毒性和自激活活性;将人尿道上皮细胞cDNA文库质粒pPR3-N-207-Zeng转入到含pBT3SUC-MgPa诱饵质粒的酵母菌株中,筛选阳性克隆。检测阳性克隆LacZ报告基因的活性。提取阳性克隆质粒进行DNA测序与BLAST分析。结果显示,成功构建的诱饵质粒pBT3STE-MgPa和pBT3SUC-MgPa两者都没有自激活功能,且pBT3SUC-MgPa的活性强于pBT3STE-MgPa。用pBT3SUC-MgPa转化NMY32酵母作为受体酵母细胞。经DNA测序与BLAST分析结果表明筛选到的28个阳性克隆归属于23个不同的蛋白。从利用分离的泛素介导膜蛋白酵母双杂交系统构建的人尿道上皮细胞cDNA文库中筛选到23个与MgPa相互作用的蛋白,为阐明MgPa的功能及Mg可能的致病机制提供参考。     

酵母双杂交筛选与GsCBRLK相互作用的蛋白质

GsCBRLK(calcium/calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase from Glycine soja)在ABA及盐胁迫诱导的钙离子信号通路中起到关键的调节作用。为深入研究GsCBRLK蛋白的作用机制, 文章采用膜酵母双杂交系统, 以GsCBRLK为诱饵蛋白, 筛选与其相互作用的蛋白质。通过构建野生大豆盐胁迫条件下的cDNA文库、膜酵母双杂交系统筛选、复筛、回转验证、生物信息学分析以及酵母体内互作验证等手段, 最终获得2个(SNARE 和 14-3-3 蛋白)与GsCBRLK诱饵蛋白相互作用的蛋白质。     

利用酵母双杂交系统研究桑脉带相关病毒核外壳蛋白自身相互作用

桑脉带相关病毒(mulberry vein banding-associated virus,Mu VBa V)属布尼安病毒科番茄斑萎病毒属,是广西桑树病毒病的主要病原。为研究其核外壳蛋白(nucleocapsid protein,N)的自身相互作用,本研究利用分离泛素酵母双杂交膜系统构建了N蛋白的诱饵表达质粒和猎物表达质粒并转化酵母菌株NMY51。诱饵表达质粒p BT3-SUC-Mu VBa V-N或p DHB1-Mu VBa V-N和阳性对照质粒p Ost1-Nub I共转化的酵母菌在筛选性营养缺陷型培养基上SD-trp-leu-his-ade(SD-AHLW)均能正常生长,而与阴性对照质粒p PR3-N共转化的酵母在营养缺陷型SD-AHLW平板上不能正常生长,表明N蛋白诱饵质粒的表达产物没有自我激活活性,对酵母细胞也没有毒性。N蛋白诱饵表达质粒及其猎物表达质粒共转化的酵母也可以在SD-AHLW培养基上正常生长,说明N蛋白在酵母细胞中可发生自我相互作用。本研究结果为今后研究Mu VBa V N蛋白的功能以及通过筛选桑c DNA文库获得互作寄主因子奠定了良好的基础。     

VSV糖蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及其自激活作用的检测

构建水泡性口炎病毒糖蛋白(VSV-G)酵母双杂交诱饵载体,检测其在酵母细胞中的表达和自激活作用,为进一步研究酵母双杂交系统筛选与VSV-G相互作用蛋白奠定基础。通过RT-PCR方法从水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)克隆糖蛋白(G)基因,BamH I和Sal I双酶切后连接诱饵载体pSos,获得诱饵质粒pSos-VSV-G,经测序鉴定后pSos-VSV-G转化到酵母菌株cdcH25(α),在营养缺陷培养基中观察pSos-VSV-G的自激活作用和毒性作用,同时利用蛋白印迹法分析诱饵蛋白的表达。成功扩增VSV-G基因,并准确克隆入pSos中,诱饵载体pSos-VSV-G成功转化到酵母菌株cdcH25(α)中,经表型筛选检测无自激活作用和毒性作用,蛋白印迹法检测证实pSos-VSV-G在酵母细胞中表达诱饵蛋白。可以利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与VSV-G相互作的蛋白质。     

Anaplasma phagocytophilum AptA modulates Erk1/2 signalling

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, one of the most common tick‐borne diseases in North America. This unusual obligate intracellular pathogen selectively persists within polymorphonuclear leucocytes. In this study, using the yeast surrogate model we identified an A. phagocytophilum virulence protein, AptA (A. phagocytophilum toxin A), that activates mammalian Erk1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. This activation is important for A. phagocytophilum survival within human neutrophils. AptA interacts with the intermediate filament protein vimentin, which is essential for A. phagocytophilum‐induced Erk1/2 activation and infection. A. phagocytophilum infection reorganizes vimentin around the bacterial inclusion, thereby contributing to intracellular survival. These observations reveal a major role for the bacterial protein, AptA, and the host protein, vimentin, in the activation of Erk1/2 during A. phagocytophilum infection.     

致病疫霉效应蛋白Pi16275的功能研究

[目的]分析致病疫霉效应蛋白Pi16275的超量表达对病原菌致病性的影响,明确Pi16275的亚细胞定位,筛选Pi16275在植物中的互作靶标蛋白及靶标蛋白在抵御病原菌侵染过程中的作用,初步揭示Pi16275在病原菌侵染植物过程中的作用机制.[方法]利用农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达系统在烟草叶片表皮细胞中瞬时表达Pi162...     

An O-Methyltransferase Is Required for Infection of Tick Cells by Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA), is an obligately intracellular α-proteobacterium that is transmitted by Ixodes spp ticks. However, the pathogen is not transovarially transmitted between tick generations and therefore needs to survive in both a mammalian host and the arthropod vector to complete its life cycle. To adapt to different environments, pathogens rely on differential gene expression as well as the modification of proteins and other molecules. Random transposon mutagenesis of A. phagocytophilum resulted in an insertion within the coding region of an o-methyltransferase (omt) family 3 gene. In wild-type bacteria, expression of omt was up-regulated during binding to tick cells (ISE6) at 2 hr post-inoculation, but nearly absent by 4 hr p.i. Gene disruption reduced bacterial binding to ISE6 cells, and the mutant bacteria that were able to enter the cells were arrested in their replication and development. Analyses of the proteomes of wild-type versus mutant bacteria during binding to ISE6 cells identified Major Surface Protein 4 (Msp4), but also hypothetical protein APH_0406, as the most differentially methylated. Importantly, two glutamic acid residues (the targets of the OMT) were methyl-modified in wild-type Msp4, whereas a single asparagine (not a target of the OMT) was methylated in APH_0406. In vitro methylation assays demonstrated that recombinant OMT specifically methylated Msp4. Towards a greater understanding of the overall structure and catalytic activity of the OMT, we solved the apo (PDB_ID:4OA8), the S-adenosine homocystein-bound (PDB_ID:4OA5), the SAH-Mn²⁺ bound (PDB_ID:4PCA), and SAM- Mn²⁺ bound (PDB_ID:4PCL) X-ray crystal structures of the enzyme. Here, we characterized a mutation in A. phagocytophilum that affected the ability of the bacteria to productively infect cells from its natural vector. Nevertheless, due to the lack of complementation, we cannot rule out secondary mutations.     

Ats-1

Obligatory intracellular life style and a small number of genes for biosynthesis and metabolism necessitate the Gram-negative bacterium, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, to depend on the host cell for nutrients. A. phagocytophilum resides in a membrane-bound inclusion, and secretes a protein, Ats-1 (Anaplasma translocated substrate-1), into the host cell cytoplasm. Ats-1 binds BECN1, a protein critical for autophagy nucleation, and induces autophagosome formation. The autophagosomes traffic to, and fuse with, A. phagocytophilum inclusions, delivering autophagic cargo into the inclusions, which can serve as nutrients for bacterial growth. This finding demonstrates that A. phagocytophilum subverts host cell autophagic machinery to facilitate infection by secreting a BECN1-binding molecule.     

Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the black‐legged tick,Ixodes scapularis,within southwestern Pennsylvania

Prevalence studies of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum have been rare for ticks from southwestern Pennsylvania. We collected 325 Ixodes scapularis ticks between 2011 and 2012 from four counties in southwestern Pennsylvania. We tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum using PCR. Of the ticks collected from Pennsylvania, B. burgdorferi (causative agent of Lyme disease) was present in 114/325 (35%) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (causative agent of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis) was present in 48/325 (15%) as determined by PCR analysis.     

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes ( CMP1 and CMP2 ) encoding calmodulin-binding proteins homologous to the catalytic subunit of mammalian protein phosphatase 2B

Summary Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic clones that encode calmodulin-binding proteins were isolated by screening a λgt11 expression library using¹²⁵I-labeled calmodulin as probe. Among the cloned yeast genes, we found two closely related genes (CMP1 andCMP2) that encode proteins homologous to the catalytic subunit of phosphoprotein phosphatase. The presumed CMP1 protein (62999 Da) and CMP2 protein (68496 Da) contain a 23 amino acid sequence very similar to those identified as calmodulin-binding sites in many calmodulin-regulated proteins. The yeast genes encode proteins especially homologous to the catalytic subunit of mammalian phosphoprotein phosphatase type 213 (calcineurin). The products of theCMP1 andCMP2 genes were identified by immunoblot analysis of cell extracts as proteins of 62000 and 64000 Da, respectively. Gene disruption experiments demonstrated that elimination of either or both of these genes had no effect on cell viability, indicating that these genes are not essential for normal cell growth.     

Evidence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anaplasma phagocytophilum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rickettsia helvetica</Emphasis> infection in free-ranging ungulates in central Slovakia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of wild animals for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, other ehrlichiae/anaplasmae, Rickettsia helvetica and other rickettsiae and whether different genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum in central Slovakia exist. A total of 109 spleen samples from 49 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 30 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 28 wild boar (Sus scrofa) and two mouflon (Ovis musimon) were collected from June 2005 to December 2006. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the16S rRNA gene was used for detection of ehrlichiae/anaplasmae. A nested PCR targeting part (392 bp) of groESL gene was applied for the specific detection of A. phagocytophilum. Fragments of the gltA and ompA genes (381 bp and 632 bp, respectively) were amplified to detect rickettsiae, followed by sequencing. A. phagocytophilum and R. helvetica were detected in wild animals. The prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was 50.0 ± 18.2% in roe deer and 53.1 ± 14.1% in red deer. None of the 28 wild boar was PCR positive for ehrlichiae/anaplasmae. A. phagocytophilum was detected in one mouflon. R. helvetica was found in one roe deer. Our study suggests a role of cervids as a natural reservoir of A. phagocytophilum in Slovakia. However, the role of cervids and wild boars in the circulation of R. helvetica remains unknown. The analysis of sequence variation in the msp4 coding region of A. phagocytophilum showed the presence of different variants previously described in ruminants.