烧伤后回肠组织二胺氧化酶活性变化的动态观察

采用大鼠烫伤模型对烧伤后回肠组织二胺氧化酶 (DAO)活性和肠道内容物IgA水平的变化进行动态观察。探讨烧伤后肠道机械屏障与肠道免疫屏障变化及相互间的关系。结果表明 ,烧伤后回肠DAO活性和肠道内IgA含量均明显降低 ,但二者变化趋势有所不同。提示烧伤后肠道屏障损伤与肠源性脓毒症关系密切 ,而且肠道机械屏障损伤较重 ,持续时间较长。     

池塘养殖条件下草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idelluspond)肠道黏膜细胞紧密连接蛋白基因表达水平的研究

为了研究肠道损伤与肠道黏膜细胞TJ结构的关系,以池塘养殖条件下的草鱼为研究对象,在对肠道损伤进行外观形态、组织切片和血清指标评估的基础上,分别选取肠道健康和肠道损伤的草鱼,采用荧光定量PCR(RT-QPCR)方法,定量检测了构成肠道黏膜细胞紧密连接结构的9个蛋白基因的表达水平。结果显示:与肠道健康草鱼相比,养殖草鱼肠道损伤后,血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性显著增加,同时,肠道黏膜细胞中的跨膜蛋白基因Claudin-3、Claudin-12、Claudinb、Claudinc、Claudin-15a,外周膜蛋白基因ZO-3和闭锁蛋白基因Occludin的表达水平显著下调(p0.05)。结果表明,草鱼肠道损伤会导致肠道黏膜细胞间TJ结构的损伤,从而导致肠道屏障通透性的显著增加。     

儿童迁延性腹泻患者肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障功能的 变化以及双歧杆菌三联活菌散的干预作用

目的探讨儿童迁延性腹泻患者肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障功能的变化以及双歧杆菌三联活菌散的干预作用。方法选取儿科就诊迁延性腹泻患儿40例为观察组,予以双歧杆菌三联活菌散1.0g/次,3次/d,溶解于温水中口服,连用8周,检测观察组患儿治疗前后肠道菌群数量及肠黏膜屏障指标的变化。另选择同期在我院体检的正常儿童30例为对照组。结果观察组患儿治疗前双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量及B/E比值明显少于对照组,而大肠埃希菌数量明显多于对照组(P0.05)。治疗8周后,观察组患儿双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量及B/E比值较治疗前明显上升,大肠埃希菌数量较治疗前明显下降(P0.05);观察组患儿治疗前血清D-乳酸、PCT和DAO水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗8周后,血清D-乳酸、PCT和DAO水平较治疗前明显下降(P0.05)。结论儿童迁延性腹泻患者存在肠道菌群紊乱,引起肠黏膜屏障功能受损,肠黏膜的通透性异常。双歧杆菌三联活菌散治疗儿童迁延性腹泻患者可纠正肠道菌群紊乱,保护肠黏膜屏障功能,降低其通透性,达到治疗腹泻的目的。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对结直肠癌术后肠道菌群及肠黏膜通透性的影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊对结直肠癌术后肠道菌群及肠黏膜通透性的影响。方法选取拟行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者78例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者术前常规禁食、肠道准备,采用开放根治性结/直肠癌切除手术治疗,术后予以围手术期常规治疗,并予以等氮量、等热量的营养支持。观察组术后第3天加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,2次/d,连用7d。观察两组患者术前及治疗7d后肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌)及肠黏膜通透性指标[血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)]的变化,并比较感染并发症的发生率。结果治疗7d后,两组患者双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌数量较前明显下降,大肠埃希菌数量较前明显上升(t=2.17、2.25、2.21、2.32、2.89、3.08、2.97、3.12,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降或上升的幅度明显小于对照组(t=2.14、2.25、2.18、2.23,P0.05);两组血清DAO水平均较前明显上升(t=2.27、3.21,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组上升幅度明显小于对照组(t=2.23,P0.05);同时观察组患者感染并发症的总发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=5.03,P0.05)。结论结直肠癌术后存在一定程度的肠道菌群的紊乱,肠黏膜通透性上升和肠道屏障功能受损。双歧三联活菌胶囊用于结直肠癌术后可纠正与调节肠道菌群的紊乱,降低肠黏膜通透性,保护与修复肠黏膜屏障功能,从而减少或避免肠道细菌和内毒素的移位,降低感染并发症的发生。     

饲料氧化鱼油引起草鱼肠道结构损伤、通透性增加

为了探讨饲料氧化鱼油对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肠道组织结构及其通透性的影响, 本实验以豆油、鱼油及氧化鱼油作为饲料脂肪源, 分别设计鱼油组(6F)、豆油组(6S)、2%氧化鱼油(4S2OF)、4%氧化鱼油(2S4OF)及6%氧化鱼油(6OF) 5组等氮、等能的半纯化饲料。经72d池塘网箱养殖后, 实验结果显示: (1)氧化鱼油显著增加(P0.05)草鱼血清和肠道MDA含量、增加肠道GSH含量(P0.05), 但随氧化产物含量上升GSH含量出现下降。(2)氧化鱼油会显著降低肠道内胆汁酸的含量(P0.05)。(3)氧化鱼油会显著增加肠道绒毛中杯状细胞的数量(P0.05), 且随着氧化产物的增加, 肠道微绒毛高度呈现先上升后下降趋势。(4)氧化鱼油会导致肠道紧密连接间隙增大, 增加肠道通透性, 使血清中D-乳酸及内毒素含量显著增加(P0.05)。结果表明, 饲料中鱼油氧化产物损伤了草鱼肠道组织结构, 尤其是肠道上皮细胞紧密连接结构损伤严重, 从而破坏了肠道黏膜的机械屏障功能, 使肠道通透性显著增加, 肠道细菌内毒素等发生转移。鱼油氧化产物会引起草鱼肠道氧化与抗氧化应激反应, 干扰草鱼肝-肠正常胆汁酸循环, 致使草鱼肠道胆汁酸不足。     

术前补充益生菌对肠道手术患者术后肠道菌群 及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨术前补充益生菌对肠道手术患者术后肠道菌群及肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法选取肠道手术患者86例,随机分为观察组和对照组各43例。两组患者术前予以常规肠道准备,术后给予等营养支持及抗生素等治疗。观察组患者术前7 d开始加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊温水口服,630 mg/次,2次/d。观察两组患者术后肠道功能恢复及感染并发症情况,并比较术前7 d及术后首次自然排便时两组患者肠道菌群数量及肠黏膜屏障指标变化。结果观察组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间均短于对照组(均P0.05),术后感染并发症的发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。术后首次自然排便时两组患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及B/E值显著低于术前7 d时,大肠埃希菌数量高于术前7 d时(均P0.05),且观察组患者术后双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及B/E值均高于对照组,大肠埃希菌数量明显少于对照组(P0.05)。术后首次自然排便时两组患者血清D-乳酸和DAO水平高于术前7 d时(P0.05),且观察组患者术后D-乳酸和DAO水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论肠道手术患者术前补充益生菌可调节肠道菌群,降低肠黏膜通透性,改善其肠道功能,减少术后感染并发症的发生率。     

壳聚糖对急性氨氮胁迫下中华鳖稚鳖非特异性免疫反应的影响

本研究旨在探讨壳聚糖对急性氨氮胁迫下中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖非特异性免疫功能的影响。实验共设5组,实验组中华鳖分别腹腔注射0mg/ml(C0组)、1mg/ml(C1组)、5mg/ml(C2组)、50mg/ml(C3组)壳聚糖溶液0.1ml,并饲养于总氨氮浓度(TAN)为110mg/L的水环境中;对照组注射等量生理盐水溶液并饲养于新鲜晾晒自来水中。注射7d后观测外周血和脾脏中淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率、血清旁路途径溶血活性、血清溶菌活性。与对照组相比,C0组外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率和血清旁路途径溶血活性均有显著提高,脾脏T淋巴细胞和血清溶菌活性没有显著变化。与C0组相比,注射壳聚糖各组外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率和血清溶血活性均有不同程度的显著下降,并且恢复到接近对照组的水平(P>0.05),只有C3组溶血活性显著低于对照组;注射壳聚糖对脾脏中T淋巴细胞ANAE活性没有显著影响。C2组溶菌活性显著高于其他组,其他各组间差异不显著。表明壳聚糖对氨氮胁迫导致的免疫应激反应有一定的拮抗作用,其作用强度因壳聚糖浓度和免疫指标不同而异     

保和丸对食积小鼠的肠道微生物 及酶活性的影响

目的探究保和丸对食积小鼠肠道微生物及酶活性的影响。方法将32只实验小鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为正常组(n=12)、食积组(n=10)和治疗组(n=10)。其中正常组喂食正常饲料,其余组喂食特制饲料。待食积组和治疗组中小鼠出现粪便干结,腹部膨隆胀满后,立即对治疗组按6.67 g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃0.28 g/mL的保和丸汤剂,正常组与食积组灌胃等量的蒸馏水。每天2次,每次0.35 mL,持续4 d。比较分析小鼠肠道微生物及肠道酶活性。结果肠道微生物方面,食积组能显著增加细菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌和大肠埃希菌的数目,与正常组相比差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。经保和丸治疗后,除双歧杆菌外,细菌、乳酸菌和大肠埃希菌数目均有所下降,与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05),但仍高于正常组,并且与正常组相比差异也具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。治疗组的双歧杆菌数目高于食积组,与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。酶活方面,无论是黏膜还是肠道内容物的酶活,食积组中的木聚糖酶、淀粉酶以及蛋白酶均高于正常组,与正常组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。经保和丸治疗后小鼠肠道内容物中各酶的活性有所下降且与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),黏膜中只有木聚糖酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶与食积组相比差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05),而蔗糖酶以及纤维素酶虽低于食积组,但与食积组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论保和丸能降低食积小鼠的细菌、乳酸菌以及大肠埃希菌的数目,同时能降低木聚糖酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶等的活性。     

慢性氨暴露对中华鳖幼鳖生长及非特异性免疫反应的影响

在高密度养殖模式下,中华鳖经常暴露于高氨环境中。本研究评价了慢性氨暴露对中华鳖(Pelodiscussinensis)幼鳖生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响。将鳖(体重90.5±20.5g)饲养于非离子氨浓度分别为1.49mg/L(C1)、2.61mg/L(C2)和4.14mg/L(C3)的环境中84d,以不外加氨氮的自来水饲养组为对照(C0),实验期间各处理组均保持恒定的温度(29.5±0.5℃)和pH(7.8±0.1)值。氨暴露21、42和84d后测体重,氨暴露84d后取各实验组鳖的血样。在本实验设定浓度范围内,氨对中华鳖的生长及非特异性免疫指标如血清溶血活性、血清杀菌活性、血清溶菌活性和脾脏系数没有显著影响。但氨暴露组中华鳖血液和脾脏淋巴细胞α-乙酸萘酯酶(ANAE)阳性率与对照组相比均显著下降。研究结果表明中华鳖对高氨耐受能力比鱼类更强。     

抗生素所致菌群失调腹泻小鼠 肠道蔗糖酶活性的研究

目的探究抗生素所致菌群失调腹泻小鼠肠道蔗糖酶的活性,为抗生素的临床应用提供参考。方法采用混合抗生素制备菌群失调腹泻小鼠模型,用DNS法测定造模期间小鼠肠道内容物及各肠段黏膜蔗糖酶的活性变化。结果造模4d后,模型组小鼠肠道内容物中蔗糖酶活性显著低于正常组。随着造模时间的延长,其蔗糖酶活性继续降低,远低于正常组。造模第2天起,模型组小鼠各肠段黏膜蔗糖酶活性均低于正常组,且随着造模时间延长,小鼠各肠段黏膜蔗糖酶活性降低程度有所不同,但与正常组相比差异均有统计学意义。结论抗生素可显著降低肠道内容物和肠黏膜蔗糖酶活性,抑制小鼠对营养物质的消化吸收功能。     

低温驯化对布氏田鼠小肠黏膜结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的影响

环境温度的变化影响野生啮齿动物的消化道形态与功能。小肠是吸收营养成分的主要部位,其结构和功能具有可塑性。为了解小肠黏膜的结构和功能对环境温度变化的响应机制,以布氏田鼠为研究对象,比较了低温组和常温组动物小肠黏膜的组织结构和小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的数目。结果显示：（1）低温组布氏田鼠的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度及绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值均高于对照组;（2）低温驯化使布氏田鼠小肠上皮内淋巴细胞的数量增加;（3）低温驯化使布氏田鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠的杯状细胞数量均显著增加。结果表明,在低温环境下布氏田鼠的小肠黏膜结构和免疫细胞的数量发生了可塑性变化,这可能与低温环境下的高能量需求和免疫功能的变化有关。     

Effects of Trichinella spiralis infection on intestinal pathology in mice lacking interleukin-4 (IL-4) or intestinal trefoil factor (ITF/TFF3)

The nematode Trichinella spiralis induces pathological changes in the small intestine of the host, which are known to be controlled by immune and inflammatory mediators. The detail of this control has still to be completely understood. Mice deficient in interleukin 4 (IL-4) or in intestinal trefoil factor/trefoil family factor 3 (ITF/TFF3) were infected with T. spiralis and the resultant changes in the intestinal mucosa followed by quantifying numbers of mucosal mast cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells and by monitoring structural changes in villus length and crypt depth. Mice lacking IL-4 were unable to mount a normal protective response to infection, such that worm survival was increased. These mice failed to mount a mucosal mast cell response, but did make goblet cell and Paneth cell responses comparable to normal controls. Mice lacking ITF/TFF3 similarly made normal levels of goblet cell and Paneth cell responses. They also underwent profound changes in mucosal architecture, with marked villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia. These results are discussed in relation to known patterns of T cell and cytokine control of protective immunity to T. spiralis. They suggest that increased numbers of goblet cell and Paneth cell are not, by themselves, required for protective immunity. ITF/TFF3 appears not to influence cellular responses and does not alter parasite-induced pathological changes in the small intestine.     

Changes in the small intestine of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice fed a high-fat diet

The consumption of a high-fat diet modifies both the morphology of the small intestine and experimentally tested effects of schistosomiasis mansoni. However, whether a schistosomiasis infection associated with a high-fat diet causes injury to the small intestine has never been investigated. Mice were fed either a high-fat or a standard-fat diet for 6 months and were then infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Physical characteristics of the intestinal tissue (mucosal thickness, small intestinal villi length and height, and abundance of goblet cells and enterocytes on the villous surface) and the distribution of granulomas along the intestinal segments and their developmental stage were measured at the time of sacrifice (9 or 17 weeks post-infection). The group fed a high-fat diet exhibited different granuloma stages, whereas the control group possessed only exudative granulomas. The chronically infected mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited higher granuloma and egg numbers than the acutely infected group. Exudative, exudative/exudative-productive and exudative-productive granulomas were present irrespective of diet. Computer-aided morphometric analysis confirmed that villus length, villus width, muscular height and submucosal height of the duodenal and jejunal segments were affected by diet and infection. In conclusion, a high-fat diet and infection had a significant impact on the small intestine morphology and morphometry among the animals tested.     

中华鳖STING基因的克隆及功能分析

为了研究干扰素基因刺激因子STING在中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)先天免疫中的作用, 克隆了中华鳖STING基因(PsSTING)的cDNA序列, 其全长为2145 bp, 包含1152 bp的开放阅读框, 编码383个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对发现, PsSTING蛋白N端含有4个跨膜区和2个RXR内质网滞留基序, C端有1个解旋酶结构域。qRT-PCR结果显示, PsSTING在中华鳖心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾脏、小肠、胃、皮肤、肌肉和血细胞等组织中均能表达, 其中在脾脏中的表达量最高, 其次是肝脏、小肠和肺, 而在血细胞中的表达量最低; 用嗜水气单胞菌、LPS和poly(I:C)刺激后, PsSTING基因呈现出先上调后下调的趋势, 在刺激12h 时显著高于对照组(P＜0.05), 24h达到最高值, 在48h后逐渐恢复到初始水平, 其蛋白表达量在脾脏和小肠中明显增加。体内RNA干扰后, 小肠中PsSTING的表达量显著下调(P＜0.05), IFN信号通路中TBK1、IRF3、IRF7、STAT6和IFN-β等基因表达水平显著下调(P＜0.05)。在HEK293T细胞中过表达PsSTING基因, 能够显著激活pIFN-β-luc的启动子。研究结果表明PsSTING基因参与调控了中华鳖的先天免疫反应。     

胰高血糖素样肽-2对小鼠小肠缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:观察胰高血糖素样肽-2(GLP-2)对缺血/再灌注损伤小鼠小肠的保护效应.方法:采用肠缺血/再灌注(I/R)模型,将32只小鼠随机分为4组(n=8)假手术(Sham)组、I/R组、I/R GLP-2保护组和I/R 谷氨酰胺(GLN)阳性对照组.光镜观察小肠黏膜形态学改变.检测小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度;小肠组织二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性;肠系膜淋巴结(MLN)细菌易位率.结果:与假手术组相比,I/R组部分小肠绒毛坏死脱落,绒毛高度下降,隐窝变浅(P＜0 01);小肠组织DAO活性降低(P＜0.01);MLN细菌易位率增加(P＜0.05).与I/R组比,GLP-2组肠绒毛损害明显减轻,DAO活性回升(P＜0.01),细菌易位率回降(P＜0.05).结论:GLP-2对缺血/再灌注损伤小鼠小肠的形态结构及肠屏障功能具有保护作用.     

鼋骨骼系统及与中华鳖比较

采用虫蚀法制备了鼋Pelochelys cantorii和中华鳖Pelodiscus sinensis的骨骼标本, 对骨骼系统进行了观察、描述、绘图及比较分析。结果显示, 鼋的骨骼共169枚, 由背甲和腹甲组成的外骨骼、中轴骨和附肢骨组成的内骨骼组成。通过比较鼋和中华鳖的骨骼结构, 发现二者在头骨的吻突长度及第三颈椎结构方面有较大差别。鼋眼眶前部至吻突最前端的长度与头骨总长度比为0.082, 而中华鳖为0.570, 显示中华鳖吻突显著长于鼋。鼋与中华鳖的颈椎骨数目均为9枚, 但中华鳖的第三至第九颈椎的横突要更明显, 第七颈椎的椎体向上显著翘起, 且第九颈椎腹面椎体前端为尖状。从整条颈椎上看, 鼋脊椎长度与其背甲长度之比为0.66, 中华鳖为1.07, 表明中华鳖的颈椎更长; 研究结果丰富了鳖科动物的骨骼学基础数据, 也为鼋物种鉴定、龟鳖动物系统演化及生态适应性提供骨骼学理论依据。     

Influence of conventionalization on small-intestinal mucosa of germ-free Wistar rats: quantitative light microscopic observations

Germ-free rats were inoculated with microbial flora from feces of conventionally reared rats and the mucosal structure was quantitatively observed at different time intervals after the inoculation and at different regions of the small intestine. In the ileum, desquamation figures were frequently seen on the villus tip, and several parameters of the mucosal elements, i.e., villus and crypt lengths, mitotic figures, goblet cells and thickness of lamina propria were significantly increased after the inoculation. On the other hand, in the duodenum and jejunum, such parameters except for the lamina propria showed no remarkable change during the course of the experiment, though the villus/crypt ratio increased temporarily at half a day after the inoculation. These regional differences of the mucosal response to the inoculation may be due to the different populations of microbial flora which settled in each region of the small intestine.     

Responses of intestinal morphology and function in offspring to heat stress in primiparous sows during late gestation

Late gestation is a key period for intestinal development. Maternal heat exposure may induce intestinal dysfunction of offspring. To investigate the responses of intestinal morphology and function of offspring to the maternal heat stress (HS), twelve first-parity Landrace × Large White sows were assigned to thermoneutral (TN) (18-22 °C; n = 6) or HS (28-32 °C; n = 6) treatment groups at 85 d of gestation until natural farrowing. Twenty-four newborn piglets (two piglets at medium body weight from each litter) were randomly selected and divided into in utero thermoneutral (IUTN, n = 12) and heat-stressed (IUHS, n = 12) groups according to the sow’s treatment. Blood and intestinal samples were harvested to evaluate stress hormone levels, intestinal morphology, integrity and barrier function in the newborn piglets. Our results showed that maternal HS piglets exhibited increased serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration compared with that observed in the IUTN group. IUHS piglets showed lower lactase activities in the jejunum and ileum, whereas no significant differences were found between the two groups in the length of intestine, villus length or crypt depth. Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was increased in IUHS piglets. IUHS piglets also exhibited decreased ZO-1, ZO-2 and MUC2 mRNA expression in the jejunum, while the protein levels were not affected. Additionally, IUHS piglets had a lower apoptotic percentage and FAS mRNA expression in the jejunum than those in the IUTN group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that high ambient temperature during late gestation of primiparous sows causes stress response in neonatal piglets, compromising intestinal permeability and mucosal barrier function, which may be partly mediated by inducing intestinal apoptosis.     

Prenatal intestinal histology and histochemistry in the goat

The mucosa of the small and large intestine of goat fetuses exhibited villi which had disappeared after the 32.5-cm curved crown rump (CVR) stage. At places, the stratified epithelial lining persisted among the normal columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The concentration of goblet cells increased with age, while the thickness of the epithelium decreased. The crypts of Lieberkühn were tortuous at the base. Brunner's glands appeared at the 14.2-cm CVR stage. Peyer's patches appeared at the 24.5-cm CVR stage in the ileum. The muscularis mucosae differentiated in the large intestine in group II (16.2- to 24.5-cm CVR length) and progressed caudocranially. The striated border of the intestinal epithelium presented with alkaline phosphatase activity; this border and the goblet cells also stained for mucin. Glycogen was demonstrable in the epithelium with greater concentrations in the duodenum and jejunum in group I (11.5- to 14.6-cm CVR length), and in the ileum and large intestine in group III (30.8- to 39.5-cm CVR length).     

草鱼、中华鳖IL-2活性影响因素的研究

结果显示:当年草鱼种和中华鳖脾细胞培养上清液中能检测出IL-2活性,而且1龄以上草鱼、中华鳖的IL-2活性高于当年孵化的草鱼和中华鳖.草鱼、中华鳖脾细胞在25℃培养温度条件下,其上清液中IL-2活性最高,35℃次之,15℃最低.因此,草鱼、中华鳖IL-2活性在一定范围内是随着年龄增加而增强和依赖温度的.通过小鼠胸腺细胞增殖和对小鼠L929细胞杀伤率的实验表明37℃比25℃检测温度下所测的IL-2活性高,而中华鳖胸腺细胞增殖实验却显示25℃检测温度下IL-2活性高于37℃.本文讨论了年龄、温度对免疫反应影响的机理.