姜黄素光动力疗法下调人喉癌细胞中STAT3信号传导通路相关调控蛋白水平

目的利用激光照射含有姜黄素的喉癌细胞,探讨在激光的作用下姜黄素对人喉癌Hep-2细胞系增殖、凋亡及STAT3信号传导通路调控蛋白p-Stat3、cyclin Dl、Bcl-2水平的影响,为揭示姜黄素作为光敏剂的光动力疗法的抗癌机制提供实验依据。方法体外培养人喉鳞状细胞癌Hep-2细胞株,姜黄素光动力作用于喉癌细胞。实验分为以下4组:既不加光敏剂又不照光的空白对照组(A组),不加光敏剂的单纯照光对照组(B组)、只加光敏剂不照光的光敏剂对照组(C组)和光敏剂处理实验组(D组)。流式细胞技术检测不同实验组的细胞凋亡情况,及不同实验组P-STAT3及其靶基因产物cyclin Dl和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果在激光的作用下,姜黄素抑制喉癌细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,下调STAT3信号传导通路蛋白p-STAT3、cyclin Dl和Bcl-2水平。结论受激发后的姜黄素可能通过降低STAT3相关调控蛋白的表达而抑制喉癌细胞增殖,促进其凋亡。     

纳米氧化硅空心球负载光敏剂对肝癌体内外的杀伤作用研究

目的:探讨空心纳米粒子光敏剂与普通光敏剂在不同实验条件下对人HepG2肝癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及其作用机制。方法:应用体内外培养的HepG2肝癌细胞,以纳米化的photosan及photosan为光敏剂,半导体激光器(波长630 nm)为光源进行光照射,在不同的浓度光敏剂经不同剂量的光照后,用MTT法测定光动力治疗后肝癌细胞的残存率,并用流式细胞分析检测光动力治疗对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响,采取Western blot检测光动力治疗肝癌后凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3和caspase-9的表达情况,并建立裸鼠动物模型,比较纳米粒子光敏剂与普通光敏剂在动物体内对肝癌抑制作用。结果:纳米粒子光敏剂介导的光动力治疗对肝癌有明显的抑制作用,在一定范围条件下,随着光敏剂浓度的增加和激光剂量的的增大,肝癌细胞的的残存率明显下降,且纳米粒子光敏剂在同等条件下要优于普通光敏剂,流式细胞分析显示,空心纳米粒子光敏剂光动力治疗肝癌出现了明显的凋亡,且比普通光敏剂更显著。Western blot检测结果显示,两种光敏剂均引起凋亡蛋白caspase-3和caspase-9的表达,在空心纳米粒子光敏剂光动力作用组该两种蛋白的表达水平要明显高于普通光敏剂组。体内实验显示:用纳米粒子光敏剂与普通光敏剂分别对裸鼠肝癌模型干预,在生存期,瘤体的体积大小,纳米粒子光敏剂组显然优越于普通光敏剂组。结论:空心纳米粒子光敏剂对肝癌细胞在体内外具有明确的抑制作用,这种抑制作用可能通过引起凋亡相关蛋白高水平的表达,从而促发凋亡通路的开放,引起癌细胞发生凋亡。     

高压氧预处理对SPS暴露大鼠学习记忆能力以及海马神经元凋亡的影响

目的:研究高压氧(HBO)预处理对SPS暴露大学学习记忆能力及其大脑海马神经元细胞凋亡的影响.方法:48只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(体重220-260 g)随机分为4组(n=12):对照(sham)组,高压氧(HBO)组,SPS组以及高压氧+SPS组.高压氧组每天1小时高压氧预处理(2.5个大气压,100%O2)连续5天;SPS组采用单次延长应激模型;高压氧+SPS组每天l小时高压氧预处理连续5天于最后一次预处理后24小时,制作SPS模型.4组大鼠于SPS暴露后72小时进行TUNEL染色,第15天经行水迷宫测试.结果:水迷宫实验中大鼠逃避潜伏期及游泳路径四组之间有明显统计差异[F0.01(3,28)=4.88＞4.57,P＜0.01;F0.01(3,28)=5.31＞4.57,P＜0.01].SPS组明显长于Sham组(P＜0.01),而高压氧预处理能够逆转这种效应(P＜0.01).游泳速度四组之间无明显统计差异[F0.05(3,28)=2.23＜2.95,P＞0.05]. SPS暴露后海马神经元细胞数量和密度明显减少,给予高压氧预处理后,神经元形态明显好转,但仍不及对照组.结论:高压氧预处理可以减少海马神经元细胞凋亡从而改善SPS暴露后大鼠认知功能障碍.     

荧光探针在光动力疗法亚细胞损伤位点研究中的应用

目的：应用荧光探针在光动力疗法研究中检测亚细胞损伤位点。方法：传代培养鼠肺毛细血管内皮细胞,将血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)与内皮细胞共同孵育24小时后,加入线粒体探针Bhodamine-123、内质网探针DioC6(3)和溶酶体探针Lucifer yellow分别对细胞器染色。首先采用激光共聚焦显微镜对光敏剂进行亚细胞定位。应用荧光显微镜汞灯照射激发光敏剂的光动力效应,加入ROS探针H2DCF-DA检测产生的单线态氧。分别在激发前后采集Pdloclamine-123、Lucifer yellow和DioC6(3)的荧光图像。结果：线粒体探针Phodamine-123的荧光图像在光动力损伤前后差异显著,原有形态特点发生明显改变;Phodamine-123在光动力损伤后再分布于细胞核区。结论：血卟啉单甲醚介导的光动力效应导致亚细胞水平多位点损伤,线粒体和核膜可能是PDT敏感位点;荧光探针标记检测光动力损伤亚细胞位点方法简便可靠。     

纳米金提高光敏剂单态氧产率的研究

光动力疗法是效果很好的癌症微创治疗方法,主要依靠光敏性药物(也称为光敏剂)进行癌细胞杀伤。在光动力治疗中,光敏剂单态氧产率是影响光动力效果的关键因素。利用纳米金的光学特性来提高光敏剂的单态氧产率为研制新型光敏剂来改进光动力治疗方法提供了一种新的途径。利用绿光LED灯、红光LED灯、氙灯和635 nm连续激光四种光源对混合有光敏剂原卟啉Ⅸ和纳米金的溶液进行光照。用单态氧检测试剂测定了光照后的单态氧产率。     

羧甲基壳聚糖促进小鼠皮肤毛囊再生修复的组织形态学研究

目的:观察羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)促进小鼠皮肤毛囊再生修复的组织形态学结构变化,并与新生小鼠皮肤毛囊的组织形态学结构对比。方法:通过切除皮肤组织建立小鼠背部皮肤组织全层缺损模型,随机分为4组:CMC组、清得佳组、生理盐水组与空白对照组,除空白对照组外其余3组每天分别连续给药,第21天处死;为评估造模后小鼠皮肤毛囊组织的再生修复程度,另取新生小鼠36只,每日处死3只;应用Image J技术观察并测量各组小鼠皮肤组织创面修复率;HE染色后光镜下观察新生小鼠皮肤组织厚度、毛囊及"腺泡样"结构数量;对比分析各组小鼠模型第21天和新生小鼠皮肤毛囊的组织形态学结构。结果:第3天和17天各组小鼠模型皮肤创面再生修复率:CMC组为33.07±9.52%和96.75±2.11%,清得佳组为24.18±6.14%和92.22±0.62%,生理盐水组为21.06±11.59%和87.38±2.79%,空白对照组为8.66±2.27%和85.15±1.34%;采用线性模型重复度量方差分析法,对CMC组与清得佳组、生理盐水组和空白对照组小鼠皮肤创面第17天再生修复率比较存在显著性差异(F=11.970,17.666,8.828,P0.05)。新生小鼠皮肤厚度、毛囊及"腺泡样"结构数量随小鼠日龄增长而增加(r=0.983,0.922,P0.05)。与新生小鼠皮肤毛囊的组织形态学结构相比,第21天CMC组、清得佳组、生理盐水组及空白对照组小鼠模型皮肤组织再生修复程度分别相当于新生小鼠皮肤毛囊发育后期、中期、初期及瘢痕组织。结论:CMC具有促进皮肤毛囊组织形态学结构再生修复的重要作用。     

光动力疗法对体外培养人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1作用

目的:探讨血卟啉注射液(Hematoporphyrin Derivative,HPD)光动力疗法(Photodynamic Therapy,PDT)对体外培养的人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1的生物作用。方法:实验分为4组,空白对照组、单纯HPD组、单纯光照组及HPD+PDT组。采用MTT法检测光动力作用后细胞的存活率,并用Annexin V-FITC/P I双染法检测其凋亡率。结果:在光敏剂浓度为5mg/L,光照剂量为10J/cm2时,光动力对PANC-1细胞达到最佳的实验效果,与对照组相比差异有显著性。在此实验参数条件下,流式细胞术(FCM)检测各组人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1凋亡率:HPD+PDT实验组达(36.40±4.21)%,明显高于单纯HPD(6.76±0.44)%,单纯PDT组(8.30±0.32)%及空白组(5.00±0.53)%三个对照组(P<0.05),三个对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PDT光动力作用对体外培养人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1有明确抑制效应,并与HPD浓度及光照强度相关。     

miR-24对心脏成纤维细胞生长和迁移的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨miR-24对心脏成纤维细胞的生长和迁移的影响及机制。方法:采用RT-PCR检测心肌细胞和心脏成纤维细胞中mi R-24的表达水平。在心脏成纤维细胞中转染mi R-24 mimics、mimics control、mi R-24 inhibitors、inhibitors control后,通过Western blot检测细胞中Col-1、α-SMA的表达,MTT检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,Transwell小室检测细胞迁移能力。通过靶基因预测库预测mi R-24的靶基因,荧光素酶鉴定靶基因的正确性,并通过RT-PCR和Western blot检测转染后细胞中Furin的表达。结果:心脏成纤维细胞HEH2中mi R-24的表达水平与心肌细胞H9C2相比差异显著(P0.01),心脏成纤维细胞中mi R-24表达上调。mi R-24 mimics组中Col-1、α-SMA的表达水平明显低于mimics control组(P0.01)。mi R-24 mimics组中细胞OD值较mimics control组显著降低(P0.01),mi R-24 inhibitors组中细胞OD值较inhibitors control组显著升高(P0.01)。mi R-24 mimics组、mimics control组、mi R-24 inhibitors组、inhibitors control组细胞凋亡无显著性差异(P0.05)。mi R-24 mimics组细胞迁移数目明显低于mimics control组,差异显著(P0.01),mi R-24 inhibitors组细胞迁移数目高于inhibitors control组,差异显著(P0.05)。mi R-24 mimics组细胞中Furin蛋白和m RNA水平明显降低,野生型Furin和mi R-24 mimics共转染的细胞中荧光素酶活性最低。结论:mi R-24在心脏成纤维细胞中高表达,通过靶基因Furin抑制心脏成纤维细胞合成Col-1、α-SMA,抑制心脏成纤维细胞增殖和迁移。     

麻醉剂七氟烷与地氟烷对患者中性粒细胞和T细胞的影响研究

目的:探讨腹腔手术过程中七氟烷与地氟烷麻醉对患者中性粒细胞和T细胞的影响。方法:随机选取85例年龄在20-60岁的患者,将患者随机分成二组,分别使用七氟烷与地氟烷进行麻醉。在麻醉前30 min和麻醉后2-24 h分别检测患者白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞的数量、T辅助淋巴细胞(CD4)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CD8)、自然杀伤性淋巴细胞、激活T淋巴细胞的百分比,CD4/CD8的比值,血浆皮质醇含量。结果:二组患者白细胞与中性粒细胞麻醉24 h后显著升高(P0.01)。地氟烷组中性粒细胞数量显著高于七氟烷组(P0.05)。CD4细胞的百分比在七氟烷组中无显著改变,在麻醉后2h,地氟烷组(31.93%[6.65%])同基础值(36.41%[6.92%])相比显著降低(P0.05),24 h后进一步下降(30.52%[8.01%])(P0.01)。七氟烷组CD4/CD8比值一直无变化,但地氟烷组在麻醉2 h降低(1.51[0.52]),24 h明显升高(1.82[0.72])(P0.05)。结论:与地氟烷相比,七氟烷对中性粒细胞群与T细胞群的影响较小。     

大鼠脑创伤后caspase-3的过度表达与细胞凋亡的关系

目的:探讨大鼠脑创伤后海马神经组织中casepase-3表达及其在细胞凋亡中的机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠72只随机分成对照组和创伤组,用Marmarou方法造成大鼠重型弥漫性颅脑创伤,采用免疫组织化学检测海马CA1区神经细胞casepase-3蛋白表达情况,原位细胞DNA断裂检测末端标记(TUNEL)法观察大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡动态变化。同时行TUNEL与caspase-3双标染色。结果:对照组海马区神经细胞casepase-3未见明显表达,创伤组海马CA1区神经细胞casepase-3表达在伤后3小时开始升高,伤后3天达高峰(P0.01),伤后7天下降明显。对照组海马区未见TUNEL阳性细胞,创伤组海马区TUNEL阳性细胞伤后3小时开始增多,伤后3天达高峰(P0.01),伤后7天下降。可见创伤组TUNEL染色与caspase-3免疫染色双标阳性的细胞伤后6小时细胞数量逐渐增多,于伤后3天达高峰(P0.01),伤后7天双标阳性细胞数量下降。Casepase-3表达与TUNEL阳性细胞明显相关(P0.01)。结论:大鼠脑创伤后casepase-3的过度表达是影响大鼠脑创伤后神经细胞凋亡原因之一,抑制casepase-3活性表达对神经组织起保护作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.