蒙花苷消除衰老骨髓间充质干细胞的衰老表型发挥抗衰老作用

目的:探讨蒙花苷(Linarin,LR)是否可以消除衰老骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)的衰老表型发挥抗衰老作用。方法:取4周龄80 g-100 g的雄性SD大鼠大腿骨髓腔内的骨髓间充质干细胞,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基培养至三代,使用D-gal诱导骨髓间充质干细胞衰老,使用SA-β-gal染色、活性氧检测、蛋白免疫印迹验证骨髓间充质干细胞细胞衰老状态,通过蛋白免疫印迹检测衰老BMSC与正常BMSC中细胞保护性蛋白sirt1、sirt6及衰老相关蛋白p16、p21、p53的表达水平。之后,我们通过不同浓度LR处理衰老骨髓间充质干细胞。最后,通过蛋白印迹分析检测未处理组与LR处理组衰老相关蛋白表达情况。观察蒙花苷能否可以消除衰老的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞衰老表型。结果:衰老的骨髓间充质干细胞细胞保护性蛋白sirt1、sirt6降低及衰老相关蛋白p16、p21、p53明显增高,衰老细胞中与DNA损伤相关的细胞核内蛋白γ-H2AX表达明显增加。而蒙花苷处理后,衰老细胞组衰老相关蛋白p16、p21、p53明显降低,γ-H2AX蛋白阳性细胞明显减少。结论:蒙花苷可以剂量依赖性的消除衰老的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的衰老表型发挥抗衰老作用。     

扁蒴藤素对人鼻咽癌HNE2 细胞增殖的抑制作用研究

目的：探讨扁蒴藤素对人鼻咽癌HNE2 细胞增殖的抑制作用,明确HSP70 在肿瘤发展过程中的抑制作用。方法：噻唑蓝法 （MTT）检测扁蒴藤素对HNE2 细胞生长抑制作用,流式细胞术检测扁蒴藤素诱导HNE2 细胞凋亡,免疫印迹法检测Caspase、 PARP、酪氨酸激酶、AKT 及Bcl-2 家族蛋白表达。结果：扁蒴藤素抑制HNE2 细胞的生长,促使Caspase 9,Caspase 3和PARP 蛋 白被切割,上调Bim 等促凋亡蛋白的表达,减少Bcl-xL等抗凋亡蛋白的表达,下调EGFR 等受体酪氨酸激酶, 抑制AKT 磷酸化, 上调热休克蛋白70（HSP70）的表达。用热休克反应抑制剂KNK437 抑制HSP70 的表达可以增强扁蒴藤素促进细胞凋亡的能力。 结论：扁蒴藤素通过下调受体酪氨酸激酶,激活caspase 介导的凋亡通路抑制鼻咽癌HNE2 细胞的增殖,抑制HSP70 的表达可增 强其抗肿瘤作用。     

XIAP在胰腺癌化疗耐药及治疗中的研究进展

X连锁的凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP)是凋亡抑制蛋白家族中的一员,具有抗凋亡作用.研究发现XIAP在胰腺癌中呈高表达,并且能诱导胰腺癌细胞及组织对化疗耐药.通过在基因水平及蛋白水平降低XIAP的表达对胰腺癌的治疗具有重要意义.AEG 35156是针对XIAP的反义寡核苷酸分子,能够抑制胰腺癌细胞及组织生长.RNAi能够稳定下调胰腺癌细胞中XIAP水平,从而加强TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡,并能提高胰腺癌细胞对化疗的敏感性.针对XIAP的小分化合物能够抑制XIAP的功能,释放被XIAP抑制的凋亡起始和效应分子以及XIAP抑制的其他促凋亡蛋白,提高多种肿瘤细胞的凋亡指数及对放化疗的敏感性.XAFl能抑制XIAP的抗凋亡作用.本文就XIAP在胰腺癌化疗耐药及治疗中的研究进展做一综述.     

IAP家族分子与肿瘤靶向治疗

凋亡抑制因子(inhibitor of apoptosis proteins,IAPs)是一类高度保守的内源性抗细胞凋亡因子家族,主要通过抑制Caspase活性和参与调节核因子NF-κB的作用而抑制细胞凋亡。细胞抗凋亡机制在肿瘤发生、发展以及肿瘤耐药性形成中发挥重要作用。肿瘤细胞高表达IAPs是导致肿瘤细胞抵抗凋亡的关键。细胞凋亡调控异常与肿瘤细胞耐药密切相关,增强肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性成为近年来肿瘤治疗的重要策略之一。该文综述了IAP家族蛋白的结构、生物学特性及其作为肿瘤治疗靶点的研究进展。     

氟苯达唑对人急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞的增殖抑制作用研究

目的:研究氟苯达唑对人急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用,明确氟苯达唑对HL-60细胞周期,凋亡发生的作用机制。方法:噻唑蓝法(MTT)检测氟苯达唑对人急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞的生长抑制作用,流式细胞术检测氟苯达唑对HL-60细胞周期,DNA片段化的影响,免疫印迹法检测Caspase, Raf, Bcl-2家族蛋白表达。结果:氟苯达唑抑制人急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞生长,HL-60细胞G2/M期增加,与阴性对照组相比,在一定的剂量和时间内,差别具有显著统计学意义;DNA片段化上升,0.25,0.5,1μM组与对照组相比差别具有显著统计学意义,促使Cleaved PARP,Cleaved-caspase 3,Cleaved-caspase 9蛋白表达量趋势增加;Bag-1和Bcl-2蛋白表达量降低;b-raf,c-raf磷酸化蛋白表达水平逐渐降低。结论:氟苯达唑通过诱导HL-60细胞阻滞于G2/M期,增加DNA片段化水平,激活Caspase, Raf, Bcl-2家族介导的凋亡相关通路抑制人急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞增殖,诱导人急性髓系白血病HL-60细胞发生凋亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

Caspase 的活化机制

Caspase是一类与凋亡密切相关的蛋白水解酶家族,以Caspase前体酶原的形式存在大多后生动物的细胞中。Caspase在凋亡信号的作用下首先激活启动型Caspase引发Caspase级联反应,然后通过活化的执行型Caspase裂解特异性底物导致细胞凋亡。Caspase的活化是导致细胞凋亡的中心环节,位于Caspase级联反应上游的启动型Caspase的和下游的执行型Caspase有着明显不同的活化机制。     

双氢杨梅素对缺氧诱导的心肌细胞炎症反应和凋亡的影响及机制

目的:探讨双氢杨梅素对缺氧诱导的心肌细胞炎症和凋亡的影响及其可能调控机制。方法:将心肌细胞(H9C2细胞系)缺氧处理建立细胞模型,随机分为4组:对照组、对照+双氢杨梅素组、缺氧组、缺氧+双氢杨梅素组。对照+双氢杨梅素组和缺氧+双氢杨梅素组分别加入5μmol/L的双氢杨梅素孵育24 h,对照组和缺氧组分别加入同等体积的DMSO孵育24 h。实时PCR检测心肌细胞CD40、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、mi RNA-145-5p的m RNA水平;ELISA检测IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的浓度;MTT实验检测心肌细胞生存率;Tunel法检测心肌细胞凋亡;Western blot检测心肌细胞Cleaved Caspase3的表达。结果:与对照组和对照+双氢杨梅素组相比,缺氧组CD40、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的m RNA水平升高(P0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度显著升高(P0.05),mi RNA-145-5p的m RNA水平显著降低(P0.05),心肌细胞生存率显著降低(P0.05),心肌细胞凋亡显著增加(P0.05),Cleaved Caspase3的蛋白表达显著增加;与缺氧组相比,缺氧+双氢杨梅素组CD40、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的m RNA水平显著降低(P0.05),IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α浓度显著降低(P0.05),mi RNA-145-5p的m RNA水平显著增加(P0.05),心肌细胞生存率显著增加(P0.05),心肌细胞凋亡显著降低(P0.05),Cleaved Caspase3的蛋白表达显著降低。结论:双氢杨梅素可抑制缺氧诱导的心肌细胞炎症和凋亡,其机制可能与双氢杨梅素上调mi RNA-145-5p进一步抑制CD40介导的炎症反应和凋亡有关。     

SIRT6基因沉默对裸鼠异位移植人肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

该文旨在探讨沉默信息调节因子6(silent information regulator 6,SIRT6)基因沉默对裸鼠异位移植人肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。构建稳定细胞系SIRT6-sh RNA-SK-Hep-1和sh Cont-SKHep-1,并应用定量逆转录PCR(q RT-PCR)和Western blot检测SIRT6基因的表达水平;将稳定转染细胞注入裸鼠皮下,实时监测裸鼠移植瘤的生长,7周后剥离出裸鼠移植瘤并称重;免疫组织化学分析SIRT6、Ki-67的蛋白质水平。进一步应用q RT-PCR检测SIRT6基因沉默对下游靶向分子凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitor of apoptosis proteins,IAPs)家族的影响;Western blot检测X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene,XIAP)和多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(poly ADP-ribose polymerase,PARP)蛋白质水平。结果显示,成功构建了沉默SIRT6基因的SK-Hep-1稳定细胞系;SIRT6-sh RNASK-Hep-1组裸鼠移植瘤体积和质量较sh Cont-SK-Hep-1组均减少(P0.01);免疫组织化学发现,SIRT6-sh RNA-SK-Hep-1组Ki-67水平下调;沉默SIRT6基因下调XIAP m RNA和蛋白质水平,并增加PARP蛋白质的剪切水平。该研究结果提示,SIRT6基因沉默可能通过下调XIAP的表达抑制裸鼠异位移植人肝癌细胞的生长。     

CHOP双重调控衣霉素诱导的DU-145细胞凋亡及自噬的研究

目的研究内质网应激分子CHOP调控细胞凋亡与自噬的作用和机制。 方法利用衣霉素诱导DU-145细胞产生内质网应激,Western Blot法检测内质网应激相关分子Grp78、Grp94、p-eIF2α和CHOP及自噬蛋白LC3Ⅱ、Atg5和Beclin1的表达;用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平;沉默CHOP基因,用Western Blot法检测凋亡蛋白PARP、Caspase3的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;并利用免疫荧光检测自噬标志性蛋白LC3B的表达。 结果衣霉素诱导DU-145细胞内质网应激能诱导一定程度的细胞凋亡,衣霉素处理8、12、24?h的细胞凋亡率分别为3.27﹪±1.02﹪,8.97﹪±0.71﹪和11.67﹪±1.41﹪,处理12?h及24?h的细胞凋亡率与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。同时也能通过抑制PI3K/AKt/mTOR信号通路激活DU-145细胞自噬。CHOP基因沉默抑制细胞凋亡,shCtrl组细胞凋亡率为32.17﹪±3.93﹪,shCHOP-1组细胞凋亡率为23.53﹪±3.41﹪,两组相比差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。且CHOP基因沉默能促进细胞自噬分子LC3B的表达。 结论衣霉素诱导DU-145细胞内质网应激状态下,CHOP在细胞凋亡与自噬之间发挥双重调控作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.