成品矫形器矫正先天性肌性斜颈术后残留畸形的效果

目的:探讨应用成品可调式斜颈矫形器矫正先天性肌性斜颈术后残留畸形的效果.方法:成品可调式斜颈矫形器分大、中、小号,且每种型号还可以调节大小和角度.应用对象选择年龄2～18岁手术后仍有明显斜颈畸形患者25例,配戴该矫形器2～6个月,最长12个月,随访1～2年.结果:按疗效标准判定,优20例(80%),良4(16%),尚可1例(4%),均无复发.结论:本矫形器配戴快捷、固定确切、可靠、轻便,具有可调节性,不需取模制作,适用于先天性肌性斜颈术后患者,可明显提高矫形效果.     

膝关节限位矫形器对膝关节韧带损伤术后的康复作用

目的:观察膝关节限位矫形器在膝关节韧带损伤术后康复中的作用.方法:对52例膝关节韧带损伤患者应用膝关节限位矫形器辅助康复训练,进行康复评估.结果:52例患者配戴膝关节限位矫形器后均未发生严重并发症,术后随访10～24个月,平均(15.25±3.76)个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为78～93分,平均(81.23±5.82)分.国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)综合评定由术前显著异常(D级)26膝,改进为随访时正常(A级)8膝、接近正常(B级)14膝、异常(C级)4膝.结论:膝关节韧带损伤患者术后配戴膝关节限位矫形器对膝关节活动度、稳定性和整体功能康复均具有明显促进作用.     

矫形器在地震后骨科伤员中的应用分析

目的:总结汶川地震中骨科伤员使用矫形器的救治经验,为大规模突发灾难事件应用矫形器救治康复提供参考.方法:对本科自2008年5月收治的60例汶川地震转运的骨科伤员术前术后配戴不同部位的矫形器,进行康复训练,然后对矫形器的康复效果进行分析.结果:我院共救治骨科病人60例,骨折伤员57例,神经损伤3例;有25例伤员行手术治疗;3例截肢伤员因残端感染严重而行多次残端清创、修整.除截肢伤员外,其余所有伤员均配戴矫形器进行康复训练.所有配戴矫形器的伤员未出现并发症,经过三个月的康复治疗,全部伤员康复出院.结论:汶川地震转运骨科伤员的术前术后配戴矫形器,能积极防治相关并发症,具有促进伤员早日康复的作用,对今后灾难救援具有指导意义.     

自愈合水凝胶在组织工程中的研究进展

作为新型生物医用智能材料,自愈合水凝胶在解决柔性生物材料损伤修复问题及实现生物材料智能化和高效化中具有重要意义.本文综述了目前新型自愈合水凝胶的最新设计思路、性能以及在神经修复、骨缺损修复、心脏组织修复、肝脏止血等组织工程中的应用.这些研究进展为设计制备智能多功能水凝胶材料提供了创新思路,为增加柔性自愈合材料的多样性提供了新途径,为智能水凝胶材料在组织工程中的发展及生物医学中的应用奠定了良好的基础.     

PBL教学模式在毒理学实验教学中的应用

毒理学实验是毒理学有效和必要的补充,但传统毒理学实验教学存在一些弊端.PBL是一种新型的教学模式,它以问题为基础、以学生为中心、以教师为引导,发展学生综合分析和解决实际问题能力.本文首次在毒理学实验教学中设计并渗透应用PBL教学模式,并对教学的初步研究结果进行了探讨.     

生物催化：药物的绿色生产方法

生物催化与生物转化是以微生物或酶作为催化剂,以可再生资源取代化石资源,大规模生产人类所需的化学．品、医药、能源、材料等,是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源和环境危机的有效手段。生物催化的独特优点为生产有用药物小分子提供了极大的可能。近年来,由于蛋白质工程的发展,基因工程的进步及许多新型酶的应用（如腈水解酶和醇腈醛化酶）,已有企业采用生物催化进行药物生产。然而,工业上的需求迫使生物催化进一步向前发展,这就要求制药企业在进行药物合成路线设计的时候,不但要考虑经济效益,     

生物标本馆的设计与工艺要求

生物标本是从事生物区系分类、形态解剖、系统进化以及其他生物学研究的基础材料,是物种多样性的具体体现。随着生物标本的积累,我国对生物标本储藏的需求也日益增多。着重探讨了有关生物标本馆的设计、标本贮藏的环境条件以及贮藏过程中潜在危害的防治问题。     

中国植物应答环境变化研究的过去与未来

中华人民共和国建国70周年,特别是改革开放40年以来,中国科技工作者在植物研究领域取得了举世瞩目的成绩.这篇综述简要地总结了中国植物学家以模式植物拟南芥,以及水稻、玉米、小麦和棉花等农作物为研究材料,在植物应答非生物逆境胁迫,包括干旱、高温、低温、盐碱、重金属、铝毒害和光胁迫等领域的基础研究和应用成果;同时也提出了植物非生物逆境研究领域亟待解决的重大问题、作物稳产分子设计的重大需求和创制耐受多种逆境环境的绿色新种质的可能性.     

仿生黏弹性高分子水凝胶及其生物医学应用

天然细胞外基质和生物体软组织固有的黏弹性是调控细胞行为和组织修复与再生过程的关键因素.基于动态建构化学反应交联得到的动态高分子水凝胶材料可有效模拟在体细胞或组织的黏弹性力学微环境,为体外调控细胞命运、揭示其力学生物学响应机制提供了重要工具,也为组织修复与再生提供了仿生支架材料.本综述在介绍天然细胞外基质及生物体软组织黏弹性的基础上,重点对仿生黏弹性水凝胶材料的设计思路、性能表征及影响因素等进行了概括和总结,并揭示了黏弹性水凝胶调控细胞、组织行为的规律及机制,最后,分析了目前该领域研究中所存在的问题并对未来发展方向进行了展望.本综述将有助于启发高分子水凝胶的仿生功能化设计思路及材料生物学效应研究,进一步拓展高分子水凝胶材料的生物医学应用.     

生物可降解材料构建组织工程软骨的研究进展

关节软骨修复困难,目前临床上治疗关节软骨损伤难以达到满意的效果。组织工程学的兴起为其提供了新的选择。本文介绍了组织工程软骨的发展历史,重点叙述了各种天然支架材料、人工合成材料、复合材料及纳米材料在软骨组织工程中的应用及其优势。目前应用的天然材料存在力学强度差及免疫源性的不足;人工合成材料降解速率快,降解产物具有细胞毒性,有待进一步完善。表面修饰等技术的应用在一定程度上克服了某些材料的不足;复合材料综合了数种材料的优点,是今后材料技术发展的方向;纳米技术的出现使新合成的材料成为纳米量级,具有了普通材料无可比拟的优势,这为组织工程材料的发展提供了新的思路。本文还对组织工程支架材料存在的问题、下一步的发展方向和前瞻性研究做了介绍。     

Tailoring of the rheological properties of bioinks to improve bioprinting and bioassembly for tissue replacement

BackgroundTissue replacement is among the most important challenges in biotechnology worldwide.Scope of reviewWe aim to highlight the importance of the intricate feedback between rheological properties and materials science and cell biological parameters in order to obtain an efficient bioink design, supported by various practical examples.Major conclusionsViscoelastic properties of bioink formulas, rheological properties, injection speed and printing nozzle diameter must be considered in bioink design. These properties are related to cell behavior and the survival rate during and after printing. Mechanosensing can strongly influence epigenetics to modify the final cell phenotype, which can affect the replacement tissue.General significanceIn tissue engineering, biotechnologists must consider the biophysical properties and biological conditions of the materials used, as well as the material delivery mode (in a case or tissue) and maturation mode (curing or biomass), to ensure the development off appropriate materials mimicking the native tissue.     

Implementation of a configurable laboratory information management system for use in cellular process development and manufacturing

Background aimsRegulatory requirements for the manufacturing of cell products for clinical investigation require a significant level of record-keeping, starting early in process development and continuing through to the execution and requisite follow-up of patients on clinical trials. Central to record-keeping is the management of documentation related to patients, raw materials, processes, assays and facilities.MethodsTo support these requirements, we evaluated several laboratory information management systems (LIMS), including their cost, flexibility, regulatory compliance, ongoing programming requirements and ability to integrate with laboratory equipment. After selecting a system, we performed a pilot study to develop a user-configurable LIMS for our laboratory in support of our pre-clinical and clinical cell-production activities. We report here on the design and utilization of this system to manage accrual with a healthy blood-donor protocol, as well as manufacturing operations for the production of a master cell bank and several patient-specific stem cell products.ResultsThe system was used successfully to manage blood donor eligibility, recruiting, appointments, billing and serology, and to provide annual accrual reports. Quality management reporting features of the system were used to capture, report and investigate process and equipment deviations that occurred during the production of a master cell bank and patient products.ConclusionsOverall the system has served to support the compliance requirements of process development and phase I/II clinical trial activities for our laboratory and can be easily modified to meet the needs of similar laboratories.     

MC safe bunker designing for an 18 MV linac with nanoparticles included primary barriers and effect of the nanoparticles on the shielding aspects

AimThe aim of this study was to design a safe bunker for an 18 MV linac in to configuration; primary barriers made from nanoparticle-containing concrete and pure concrete.BackgroundApplication of some nanoparticles in the shielding materials has been studied and it was shown that the presence of some nanoparticles improved radiation shielding properties.Materials and methodsSome percentage of different nanoparticles were modeled by the MCNP5 code of MC in the megavoltage radiotherapy treatment room's primary barriers. Other parts of the designed room, such as secondary barriers and maze door, were modeled as ordinary pure concrete. A safe bunker was designed according to the MC derived spectra at primary and secondary barriers location using a modeled and benchmarked 18 MV linac in free air. Then, the thickness of the required shielding materials for the door and also concrete for the walls and primary barriers were calculated separately.ResultsAccording to the results, required concrete thickness in primary and secondary barriers was reduced by around 0.8% compared to pure concrete application. Additionally, required lead and BPE decreased by 25% and 15%, respectively, due to primary barriers nanoparticles.ConclusionsIt was concluded that application of some nanoparticles in the shielding materials structures in megavoltage radiotherapy can make the shielding effective.     

新辅助化疗后腋窝病理完全缓解乳腺癌的预后分析

摘要 目的：研究乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗（NAC）后达到腋窝淋巴结病理完全缓解（pathologic complete response of axillary,apCR）的远期生存以及影响远期生存的相关因素分析。方法：回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科624例乳腺癌患者的住院资料,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析以及COX回归分析的统计学分析方法,分析乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后腋窝状态与无病生存（DFS）和总生存（OS）的关系及影响apCR预后的因素。结果：apCR与非apCR患者比较DFS（P=0.013）和OS（P=0.037）差异具有统计学意义,apCR患者的预后与年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤受体状态、HER-2、ki67状态、分子分型等因素无相关性。结论：与非apCR患者相比,乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后apCR患者预后更好,但apCR患者预后良好的因素仍需进一步临床试验分析。     

术后穴位贴敷联合加速康复外科理念对腹腔镜肝切除术患者康复效果、胃肠功能和生命质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨术后穴位贴敷联合加速康复外科理念（ERAS）对腹腔镜肝切除术患者康复效果、胃肠功能和生命质量的影响。方法：根据双色球法,将2019年6月~2021年6月间在我院行腹腔镜肝切除术的104例肝癌患者分为对照组（应用ERAS治疗）和研究组（术后穴位贴敷联合ERAS治疗）,各为52例。对比两组术后康复效果、胃肠功能情况和生命质量。结果：研究组的住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后7 d谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平均升高,但研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排便时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后3 d、术后7 d 胃动素（MTL）水平高于对照组,胃泌素（GAS）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后1个月总体健康状况、功能领域评分高于对照组,单测项目、症状领域评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：ERAS联合术后穴位贴敷用于腹腔镜肝切除术患者,可提高术后康复效果,促进患者胃肠道功能恢复,改善患者的生命质量。     

Workshop report: Cryopreservation of aquatic biomedical models

The genetic resources of aquatic biomedical model organisms are the products of millions of years of evolution, decades of scientific development, and hundreds of millions of dollars of research funding investment. Genetic resources (e.g., specific alleles, transgenes, or combinations) of each model organism can be considered a form of scientific wealth that can be accumulated and exchanged, typically in the form of live animals or germplasm. Large-scale maintenance of live aquatic organisms that carry these genetic resources is inefficient, costly, and risky. In situ maintenance may be substantially enhanced and backed up by combining cryopreserved germplasm repositories and genetic information systems with live animal culture. Unfortunately, cryopreservation has not advanced much beyond the status of an exploratory research for most aquatic species, lacks widespread application, and methods for successful cryopreservation remain poorly defined. For most aquatic species biological materials other than sperm or somatic cells are not comprehensively banked to represent and preserve a broad range of genetic diversity for each species. Therefore, new approaches and standardization are needed for repository-level application to ensure reproducible recovery of cryopreserved materials. Additionally, development of new technologies is needed to address preservation of novel biological materials, such as eggs and embryos of aquatic species. To address these goals, the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted the Cryopreservation of Aquatic Biomedical Models Workshop on January 7 to 8, 2017, in conjunction with the 8th Aquatic Animal Models of Human Disease Conference in Birmingham, Alabama. The goals of the workshop were to assess the status of germplasm cryopreservation in various biomedical aquatic models and allow representatives of the scientific community to develop and prioritize a consensus of specific actionable recommendations that will move the field of cryopreservation of aquatic resources forward. This workshop included sessions devoted to new approaches for cryopreservation of aquatic species, discussion of current efforts and approaches in preservation of aquatic model germplasm, consideration of needs for standardization of methods to support reproducibility, and enhancement of repository development by establishment of scalable high-throughput technologies. The following three broad recommendations were forwarded from workshop attendees:1Establish a comprehensive, centralized unit (“hub”) to programmatically develop training for and documentation of cryopreservation methods for aquatic model systems. This would include development of species-specific protocols and approaches, outreach programs, community development and standardization, freezing services and training of the next generation of experts in aquatic cryopreservation.2Provide mechanisms to support innovative technical advancements that will increase the reliability, reproducibility, simplicity, throughput, and efficiency of the cryopreservation process, including vitrification and pipelines for sperm, oocytes, eggs, embryos, larvae, stem cells, and somatic cells of all aquatic species. This recommendation encompasses basic cryopreservation knowledge and engineering technology, such as microfluidics and automated processing technologies.3Implement mechanisms that allow the various aquatic model stock centers to increase their planning, personnel, ability to secure genetic resources and to promote interaction within an integrated, comprehensive repository network for aquatic model species repositories.     

Multidimensional analysis of the essential elements in pregnant women's whole blood and characterization of maternal status by elemental pattern

BackgroundDuring pregnancy, the fetus needs to obtain a lot of nutrients from the mother, but the micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy are not clear at present, and there is no reliable basis for nutrient intake and supplement. The purpose of this study was to understand the levels of essential elements in whole blood of pregnant women during various pregnancy stages at different ages and in different regions, to evaluate the deficiency of essential elements in Chinese pregnant women, and to explore the feasibility of using the elemental pattern to characterize maternal status.MethodsWhole blood samples of 11222 healthy pregnant women enrolled in different areas of China from Jan–Dec 2019, were analyzed for concentrations of six essential elements including Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and Fe, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. A retrospective comparative study during different pregnancy periods at different ages and in different regions in whole blood essential elements content from non-pregnant normal women and pregnant normal women was developed using multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis evaluation elemental pattern was used to characterize pregnancy status of pregnant women.ResultsIn general, the levels of six essential elements in whole blood of pregnant women can satisfy the needs of normal physiological activities. With the development of pregnancy, the contents of Cu and Mn increased, while the contents of Fe and Mg decreased, and the contents of Zn and Ca have no noteworthy change. At the same gestation stage, the Cu content in whole blood of elderly pregnant women was higher. There were some differences in whole blood essential elements content of pregnant women in different regions. Principal component analysis and heat map analysis showed the feasibility of using bioinformatics research strategies to identify different pregnancies.ConclusionsThere are differences in the content of whole blood essential elements of women at different stages of pregnancy in different regions. It was found that there was no obvious deficiency in whole blood essential elements levels of pregnant women in recent years. The pattern of essential elements has a certain application potential in the evaluation of pregnancy and pregnant women's health status.     

Planificación anticipada de los cuidados y del uso de recursos hospitalarios en pacientes con COVID-19 en un programa de atención integrada para adultos mayores frágiles en residencias

ObjectivesTo estimate the magnitude and importance of a process of stratification and advance care planning and the use of health resources, among patients in an integrated health care program for frail elderls in nursing homes,that were referred to the hospital with COVID-19.Material and methodsProspective cohort study of patients > 64 years old with COVID-19 infection, in a health care program in nursing homes (from 3/15/2020 to 9/15/2020). The identification of patients with palliative needs, the performing and visible registration in electronic health records of the advance care planning and the use of intensive care were assessed.ResultsWe included 374 COVID-19 patients. 88% were women, the median age was 88 years old. The 79% were patients with palliative needs, of which 68% had the advance care planning (P<.001) registered in the electronic health record. Only 1% of patients with palliative needs and severity criteria were admitted to the intensive care unit. Overall mortality was 25%. Of those who died, 74% had severity criteria (P<.001) and 90% had palliative needs (P<.001).ConclusionsCarrying out a care process based on identification of patients with palliative needs and advance care planning and a central and visible registration of advance care planning in health records, could improve the quality and safety of care and optimize the use of intensive care health resources at all times and especially in public health emergencies.     

骨生物材料通过细胞途径降解的研究进展

生物材料作为移植物已广泛应用于骨组织修复,在应用生物材料时需要考虑材料各个方面的性能,如生物兼容性、力学强度、可塑性等。材料的可降解性也是骨修复材料不得不考虑的方面。既往研究表明,生物材料可以通过物理、化学和生物三种方式进行降解。在材料的生物降解过程中,经细胞途径降解是其中重要的一环。这种降解途径主要是通过巨噬细胞、破骨细胞的生物学行为及其所分泌的生物活性氧、酶、酸性代谢物等作用机制进行。认识细胞作用对生物材料的降解有助于更好地理解细胞的生物学行为,精准设计、制造更合理的骨修复材料,既利于材料植入时的初始稳定,也可以符合材料降解与新骨形成的匹配,促进骨再生和骨修复。     

Integrating life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) in the early phases of aircraft structural design: an elevator case study

Purpose

The main objective of this paper is to develop a model that will combine economic and environmental assessment tools to support the composite material selection of aircraft structures in the early phases of design and application of the tool for an aircraft elevator.

Methods

An integrated life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used as part of the sustainable design approach for the laminate stacking sequence design. The model considered is the aircraft structure made of carbon fiber reinforce plastic prepreg and processed via hand layup-autoclave process which is the preferred method for the aircraft industry. The model was applied to a cargo aircraft elevator case study by comparing six different laminate configurations and two different carbon fiber prepreg materials across aircraft’s entire life cycle.

Results and discussion

The results show, in line with other studies using different methodologies (e.g., life cycle engineering, or LCE), that the combination of LCA with LCC is a worthwhile approach for comparing the different laminate configurations in terms of cost and environmental impact to support composite laminate stacking design by providing the best trade-off between cost and environment. Elevator LCC reduces 19% by changing the material type and applying different ply orientations. Elevator LCA score reduces 53% by selecting the optimum instead of best technical solution that minimizes the displacement. Improving the structural performance does not always lead to an increase in the cost.