不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑TRH表达的影响

目的:研究分析两种不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠(CUMS)下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)表达的影响。方法:选取60只健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠编号后采用随机数字表法分为对照组(正常喂养)、模型组(仅建立CUMS模型,不予治疗)、观察组A(建立CUMS模型后,脉冲电针治疗)、观察组B(建立CUMS模型后,音乐电针治疗)、氟西汀组(建立CUMS模型后,氟西汀治疗)各12只,对除对照组之外的其他各组大鼠进行1只/笼的孤养结合方式建造CUMS模型,利用开野实验观察各组大鼠行为学改变,采用实时荧光定量(PCR)法测定各组大鼠下丘脑组织中TRH m RNA的表达,采用免疫组化法测定TRH蛋白的表达。结果:在刺激21 d后,模型组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著的低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数差异无统计学意义(P0.05);模型组大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CUMS大鼠下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素表达水平降低,脉冲电针与音乐电针能有效逆转这一现象,效果相当。     

下丘脑室旁核orexin-A对大鼠摄食和胃动力影响及调控机制

目的:探讨下丘脑室旁核orexin-A对大鼠摄食和胃动力影响及调控机制。方法:采用免疫组化观察下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus,PVN)orexin受体表达情况;PVN注射orexin-A观察大鼠摄食、胃运动、胃酸分泌和胃排空的改变。结果:免疫组化实验显示大鼠PVN中存在orexin受体免疫阳性细胞。PVN注射orexin-A后,大鼠前三小时摄食增加,6 h和24 h摄食无显著改变。PVN微量注射orexin-A后,大鼠胃运动幅度和频率增加、胃排空增快并且胃酸分泌增多。[D-Lys-3]-GHRP-6可部分阻断orexin-A对摄食、胃运动、胃排空和胃酸分泌的促进作用,SB334867可完全阻断orexin-A对胃运动、胃排空和胃酸分泌的促进作用。结论:下丘脑室旁核orexin-A可能通过生长激素促泌素GHSR受体信号通路调控大鼠摄食及胃功能。     

不同强度电针对PCPA失眠大鼠下丘脑γ-氨基丁酸及受体的影响

通过观察不同强度电针对睡眠节律紊乱大鼠下丘脑γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)及受体(GABRA1)的影响,初步探讨针灸治疗失眠的作用机制及不同强度电针的效应差异.用免疫组织化学技术观察失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA阳性细胞的表达情况,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测失眠大鼠下丘脑GABRA1 mRNA表达改变.研究发现,对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)化失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA阳性细胞染色较浅,且表达量减少,GABRA1mRNA表达明显降低(P＜0.01);经电针治疗5 d后,失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA阳性神经元染色较深,表达量较多,GABRA1 mRNA表达显著升高(P＜0.01),且2 V电针刺激作用比1 V电针刺激更为明显.结果表明电针可增加失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA及受体的表达,调节睡眠-觉醒周期,发挥镇静催眠作用,且2 V电针刺激效果优于1 V电针刺激.     

下丘脑室旁核加压素能神经元参与电针刺激对实验性...

It has been demonstrated in animal model of somatic pain that hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) participates in acupuncture analgesia, probably by mediation of vasopressin release. The role of PVN in acupuncture analgesia for experimental visceral pain in rats was further investigated in the present study. Experimental results demonstrated that electroacupuncture could inhibit the writhing response, produced by intraperitoneal injection of antimonium potassium tartrate and this inhibitory effect could be enhanced by electrical stimulation of PVN, but decreased by electrolytical lesion of PVN, intracerebroventricular injection of vasopressin antiserum (14 microliters) or the vasopressin antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-AVP (500 ng/5 microliters). Intraperitoneal administration of the latter drug (10 micrograms/kg), however, was ineffective. The above experimental results suggest that vasopressinergic neurons in PVN also participate in the inhibition of visceral pain by electroacupuncture.     

应激刺激对大鼠下丘脑血管升压素mRNA水平的影响

实验在给予慢性应激刺激的Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ Ｄａｗｌａｙ雄性大鼠中进行,用核酸斑点杂交技术观察大鼠下丘脑组织中血管升压素（ＡＶＰ）ｍＲＮＡ水平变化,用异羟基洋地黄毒甙（ＤＩＧ）标记的２６个碱基长寡聚核苷酸作为检测探针。结果观察到：在给予电击足底结合噪声的应激刺激之后,尾动脉收缩压逐渐升高,到刺激第５天,刺激组与对照组动物之间尾动脉收缩压差别有统计学显著意义;到刺激第９天,刺激组尾动脉收缩压达最高值;以     

腹腔注射2-DG对大鼠下丘脑orexin-A神经元表达的影响

目的：探讨腹腔注射2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖（2-DG）对大鼠下丘脑增食欲素-A （ore xin-A）神经元的影响。方法：12只健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组（3只）、生理盐水对照组（3只）及腹腔注射2-DG组（6只）,2-DG剂量400 mg/kg,动物存活2 h,抽取脑脊液后灌注固定。实验结束后,采用免疫组织化学方法观察下丘脑orexin-A的表达、以及orexin-A与Fo s的双标情况,采用ELISA方法检测orexin-A在脑脊液中的含量。结果：[H TK]2-DG组的orexin-A阳性神经元数量和双标细胞阳性率（双标细胞占orexin-A阳性细胞的百分率）均高于对照组和生理盐水组（P<0.05）;并且2-DG组动物脑脊液中的orexin-A含量也明显高于其他两组（P<0.05）。结论：腹腔注射2-DG可激活大鼠下丘脑orexin-A神经元,orexin-A可能参与其诱导的急性应激反应。     

下丘脑食欲素在药物成瘾中的作用

下丘脑是调控自然奖赏的重要脑区,它能特异性地表达一种神经肽——食欲素(orexin),这种神经肽在药物奖赏中的作用受到广泛关注。在成瘾研究中,发现不同脑区中的食欲素神经元对奖赏和动机行为的调节作用是不相同的:围穹窿区(PFA)和背内侧下丘脑区(DMH)的食欲素神经元主要参与激活应激系统,而外侧下丘脑(LH)的食欲素神经元主要通过激活与奖赏学习相关的大脑环路参与奖赏行为的调控。提示食欲素系统可在延长戒断防止复吸发生中成为新的研究目标,食欲素受体可以作为治疗药物成瘾的一种新的治疗靶标。     

胰岛素诱导的低血糖大鼠下丘脑增食欲素-A的表达

目的：探讨急性低血糖应激对大鼠下丘脑增食欲素-A（orexin—A）的表达影响。方法：胰岛素皮下注射建立急性低血糖大鼠模型,检测外周血中葡萄糖和胰岛素水平的变化。采用免疫组织化学染色观察下丘脑orexin-A表达的改变和灰度值测量,观察其染色强度。结果：低血糖禁食组大鼠下丘脑orexin-A的表达明显增加（P〈0．05）,而低血糖进食组orexin-A表达无明显改变。灰度分析显示低血糖禁食组染色强度最高,与对照组比较有明显统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：急性血糖的降低可以增强大鼠下丘脑orexin-A的表达,而摄食行为可抑制此效应。     

神经降压素对刺激下丘脑减压区所致减压反应的影响

大鼠下丘脑前部一侧减压区,采用直流方波或化学刺激、注射微量神经降压素及其抗血清和放射免疫分析等方法,探讨了神经降压素对刺激该减压区所致减压反应的影响。结果表明：（１）电或化学刺激该减压区,可出现同其它哺乳动物相似的减压反应;（２）该减压区注射微量神经降压素,可使电刺激该减压区所致的减压反应明显增强;反之,注射抗神经降压素血清,该减压反应明显抑制;（３）电刺激该减压区,可使下丘脑和血浆中的神经降压素免疫活性物含量明显增高。结果提示,神经降压素可能参与电刺激该减压区所致的减压反应过程。     

下丘脑室旁核加压素能神经元参与电针刺激对实验性内脏痛的抑制

本实验采用内脏痛的实验模型,探讨室旁核中的加压素在针刺抑制内脏痛中的作用。实验结果如下:(1)大鼠在在射酒石酸锑钾(0.1％,10ml/kg,i.p.)后,出现可定量的扭体反应,能作为观察内脏痛的客观指标。(2)电针对内脏痛有抑制效应,即具有镇痛作用。(3)电刺激室旁核,能加强电针对内脏痛的抑制效应,损毁室旁核,则此抑制效应基本消失。(4)脑室注射加压素抗血清(14μl)或加压素拮抗剂[d(CH_2)_5Tyr(Me)-AVP,500ng/5μl]都能明显减弱电针的抑制效应。(5)腹腔注射加压素拮抗剂(10μg/kg),不能翻转电针的抑制效应。上述实验结果表明,下丘脑室旁核的加压素能神经元参与了电针刺激对实验性内脏痛的抑制。     

不同强度电针对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织炎症相关因子的影响

探讨不同强度电针对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织核因子-κBp65(NF-κBp65)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的作用差异.将SD大鼠随机分为普通饮食组、高脂饮食组、5 V电针组、2.5 V电针组,除普通饮食组外其余各组大鼠均饲以高脂饲料.取"足三里"、"三阴交"穴,不同强度电针治疗14 d后,用蛋白质印迹技术(Western blot)检测肥胖大鼠附睾脂肪组织NF-κBp65的表达,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肥胖大鼠附睾脂肪组织MCP-1、TNF-α的含量.研究发现两电针组肥胖大鼠体重、Lee’s指数、脂肪组织中NF-κBp65表达、MCP-1和TNF-α含量较高脂饮食组显著降低(P<0.01),5 V电针组较2.5 V电针组下降效果更为明显(P<0.01,P<0.05).结果表明电针可改善肥胖脂肪组织炎症反应状态,减轻肥胖大鼠体重,且5 V电针组效果优于2.5 V电针组.     

Electroacupuncture Facilitates Recovery of Male Sexual Behavior in Morphine Withdrawal Rats

The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the sexual behavior of male rats undergoing morphine withdrawal was studied by measuring various parameters of sexual behavior. In addition, the total serum testosterone (TST) concentrations in male rats at different times of morphine administration and abstinence were measured. Acute and chronic administration of morphine severely inhibited the sexual behavior of the rats and lowered their TST concentrations. TST concentrations recovered to normal within 24 h after the last morphine injection, while sexual behavior remained suppressed for at least 7 days. Electroacupuncture (2/100 Hz alternately) administered once daily for 7 days during morphine withdrawal facilitated the recovery of male sexual behavior and increased TST concentrations to above normal. The effect of EA on sexual behavior may involve both neuronal and hormonal pathways.     

Proteomic Analysis of Differential Proteins Related to Anti-nociceptive Effect of Electroacupuncture in the Hypothalamus Following Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Increasing evidence has been accumulated for the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy in relieving pain. However, there are limited data on regulation of protein expression after electroacupuncture (EA) intervention. Thus, the present study is designed to determine changes in protein expression following EA stimulation in rats with sciatic nerve chronic constrictive injury (CCI) induced neuropathic pain. Sixty Wistar rats were equally randomized into normal control group, CCI group, and CCI with EA stimulation (EA) group. The CCI model was established by ligature of the left sciatic nerve. EA stimulation was applied at Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) in the EA group. Differentially expressed hypothalamic proteins in the three groups were identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The functional clustering and pathway of the identified proteins were analyzed by Mascot software. Results showed that, after CCI, the thermal pain threshold of the affected hind footpad was decreased and was reversed gradually by 12 sessions of EA treatment. Following EA intervention, there were 17 hypothalamic proteins identified with significant changes in the expression (>twofold). Three gene-ontologies (oxidoreductase activity, oxidation reduction, and protein binding) were enriched, while there was a significant regulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis/hexose metabolism pathway. These data demonstrate that EA intervention can attenuate pain via regulation of expression of multiple proteins in the hypothalamus. Further, hypothalamic glucose metabolism may be important in supporting energy and neurotransmitter homeostasis in the effects of EA intervention.     

电针对大鼠胃黏膜损伤修复的血清蛋白质差异表达研究

目的：观察电针胃经穴对大鼠胃黏膜损伤修复的血清蛋白质差异表达,为进一步阐明针刺效应的体液机理提供理论依据。方法：用表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱（SELDI—TOF—MS）技术和WCX2（弱阳离子交换芯片）对正常大鼠血清和电针大鼠血清进行蛋白质指纹图谱检测分析,通过Biomarker Wizard和Biomarker Patterns System软件判别分析处理数据并结合生物信息学方法筛选差异表达蛋白质。结果：与正常大鼠血清比较,电针大鼠血清蛋白质在质荷比为2000-50000有25个蛋白质峰差异有显著意义,其中有19个标志蛋白在电针胃经大鼠血清中呈现高表达,6个标志蛋白在电针胃经大鼠血清中呈现低表达。结论：电针可促进胃黏膜损伤大鼠血清蛋白质差异表达,这种差异蛋白质可能与电针促进胃黏膜损伤修复效应密切相关。     

大鼠发情期和间情期下丘脑ghrelin mRNA的表达

为探索下丘脑ghrelin mRNA及GnRH mRNA在大鼠(Rattus norregicus)发情期和间情期的表达特点,通过外部观察和阴道涂片相结合的方法确定发情期和间情期,将12只未经产SD雌性大鼠分为2组,即发情期组和间情期组,每组6只。取动物下丘脑,用实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测ghrelin mRNA和GnRH mRNA的表达丰度。结果表明,间情期组大鼠下丘脑ghrelin mRNA的表达丰度显著高于发情期组(P<0.01);间情期组大鼠下丘脑GnRH mRNA的表达丰度显著低于发情期组(P<0.01)。研究发现,下丘脑ghrelin mRNA和GnRH mRNA在发情期与间情期具不同的表达模式,提示ghrelin可能在下丘脑水平上对GnRH mRNA的表达具下调作用。     

大鼠急性分离下丘脑神经元的自发性放电特性

目的和方法：采用电流钳技术,观察SD大鼠急性分离下丘脑神经元的自发性放电。结果：放电形式包括不放电、连续的单个放电和簇状放电等3种,但放电过程中出现一些阈下电位,这些闯下电位会明显影响神经元的放电过程,使放电表现为规则或不规则,规则放电通常由缓慢的去极化电位触发,而不规则放电常出现较多的阈下电位。结论：急性分离神经元具有与脑片和培养神经元不完全相同的放电特性,对此展开研究,有利于揭示下丘脑参与机体稳态的调控机制。     

即刻电针介入对IBS模型大鼠血浆ET,CGRP水平及结肠ETR-A,CGRPmRNA表达的影响

目的：比较即刻电针天枢穴、足三里穴对肠易激综合征（ms）模型大鼠血浆降钙基因相关肽（CGRP）、内皮素（ET）水平及结肠组织中内皮素受体A（ETR－A）、CGRPmRNA表达的影响,旨在探讨电针即刻治疗IBS的部分机制。方法：采用WISTAR幼鼠制备肠易激综合征模型,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、天枢组、足三里组,每组8只。空白对照组不作任何处理,模型组只束缚不针刺,天枢组和足三里组在实验第8周电针治疗一次,留针20min。治疗结束后处死大鼠,取大鼠血浆及部分结肠组织进行生物活性物质检测。采用酶联免疫法检测血浆中CGRP、ET、结肠组织中ETR—A的含量,采用RT—PCR法检测结肠组织中CGRPmRNA表达。结果：（1）即刻电针对IBS模型大鼠血浆CGRP、ET水平的影响：与空白对照组比较,模型组CGRP水平明显降低（P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,天枢组、足三里组CGRP水平明显升高（P〈0．01）。与空白对照组比较,模型组ET水平升高（P〈0．05）;与模型组比较,天枢组ET水平明显降低（P〈0．01）。（2）即刻电针对IBS模型大鼠结肠组织ETR—A水平的影响：与空白对照组比较,模型组ETR—A水平明显升高（P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,足三里组ETR-A水平明显降低（P〈0．01）。（3）即刻电针对IBS模型大鼠结肠组织CGRPmRNA表达的影响：与空白对照组比较,模型组、天枢组、足三里组CGRPmRNA表达明显增强（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;与模型组比较,足三里组CGRPmRNA表达减弱（P〈0．05）。结论：即刻电针介入后,能够调节机体的内环境紊乱和CGRP、ET的平衡失调。这种调节作用因穴位不同而具有不同的特点,天枢穴对血浆中CGRP、ET调节作用较强,足三里穴在受体和基因表达方面作用明显。     

Involvement of Accessory Neurosecretory Nuclei of Hypothalamus in the Formation of Hypothalamohypohysial System during Prenatal and Postnatal Development in Rats

We studied the development of direct axonal connections of the accessory neurosecretory hypothalamic nuclei with the posterior pituitary lobe on the fixed rat brain from day 15 of embryogenesis until day 10 of postnatal development using the retrograde diffusion method of the lipophilic fluorescent carbocyanine dye 1,1"-dioctadecyl-3,3,3",3"-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate along the neuronal membranes. The marker was applied onto the posterior pituitary lobe and, after incubation in a fixative, fluorescing bodies of nerve cells were visualized in the hypothalamus. Neuronal axons of the retrochiasmatic nucleus were the first of the accessory nuclei to ingrow in the posterior pituitary lobe (on days 16–17 of embryogenesis). Neurons of the circular and dorsolateral nuclei and the nuclei of the median bundle of the forebrain sent their axons to the posterior pituitary lobe starting from the first days of postnatal development. No direct connections of the anterior commissure and perifornical accessory nuclei with the posterior pituitary lobe were found in perinatal development. These facts are discussed in the light of concepts about the different functional role of accessory peptidergic hypothalamic nuclei in rats.