p63和p63参与p53依赖的细胞凋亡过程

人们通常用经典的操作式学习方法来训练动物的行为 ,使动物学会根据外部信号 (如声音 )产生特定的行为反应 ,以获取奖赏 (如食物 )。而本文的作者用脑内植入微电极进行脑区刺激的方法教会动物如何学习 ,可以去除用来产生信号和奖赏的外部环境对实验的限制。这一动物模型使操作者能远距离地指挥动物的行为 ,很像控制智能机器人的方法。电刺激能否产生等同于信号或奖赏的效应 ,取决于它所刺激的脑区。作者在自由活动大鼠的躯体感觉皮层 (ＳＩ)左右两侧胡须代表区和内侧前脑束 (ＭＦＢ)内植入电极加以刺激 ,以产生信号和奖赏效应 ,据此准确地指…     

p63基因的结构与功能

p63基因是肿瘤抑制基因p53家族成员之一,与p53基因表现出高度同源性.较之p53基因,p63基因更为复杂.p63的两个不同启动子和多种内含子剪接方式,导致p63基因编码产生多种亚型P63蛋白.这些P63亚型蛋白,在不同的组织不同的发育阶段发挥不同的生物学功能.本文就p63基因结构、p63在细胞周期和凋亡中的作用,以及在表皮发育中的功能等方面的研究进展作一概述.     

肺癌组织中PCNA、p63和p53蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的:检测蛋白增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、p63和p53在肺癌组织中的表达情况,以探讨三者在肺癌的发生、发展中的生物学作用和临床意义。方法:选取195例肺癌组织(其中57例有癌旁组织),应用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学方法观察三种蛋白的表达情况,并研究三者之间及其与临床病理参数的关系。结果:PCNA、p63和p53蛋白在肺癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为96.41%、38.46%及58.46%,但三者在癌旁组织中均无表达,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);在肺癌组织中,PCNA、p63和p53蛋白的表达情况均与组织分型有关(P0.05),且PCNA、p53蛋白表达与分化程度有关(P0.05),分化越差,表达越高;p53表达与PCNA表达呈正相关(r=0.352,P=0.043),p63与p53、PCNA的表达不相关(P0.05)。结论:肺癌组织中PCNA、p63和p53蛋白的表达升高,三者均在肺癌的发生、发展中发挥着重要作用,并且临床可通过检测三者的蛋白水平,作为鉴别肺鳞状细胞癌与其他类型癌的重要参考指标,为病理诊断提供依据。     

血管瘤组织中p63和Fos蛋白的定量表达

目的　探讨 p6 3基因和c fos基因的蛋白与血管瘤发生发展的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法对 4 0例血管瘤和 2 0例正常皮肤组织检测 p6 3基因和c fos基因的蛋白表达 ;对所获得的检测结果进行图像分析处理。结果　在正常皮肤组、增生期与消退期血管瘤中 ,p6 3和Fos蛋白的平均光密度分别为 :0 92 3± 0 191,0 0 79± 0 0 2 4 ;8 2 71±1 95 3,0 12 4± 0 0 15 ;0 92 0± 0 187,0 0 88± 0 0 17。增生期组与消退期组、正常皮肤组分别相比 ,p6 3和Fos阳性表达的差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,消退期组与正常皮肤组之间 ,p6 3阳性表达的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　p6 3基因在血管瘤中并未作为肿瘤抑制基因起作用 ,相反是作为癌基因而促进内皮细胞的增殖 ,可能与血管形成关系密切。c fos在血管瘤的增生中起着重要作用 ,可能与c fos可通过识别bFGF启动子区的特异位点TRE而启动bFGF基因的转录有关。     

结肠癌中p63蛋白表达及临床病理意义

研究结肠癌中p63蛋白表达及与临床病理生物学行为的关系,揭示其在结肠癌中的临床病理学意义.癌旁组织中和结肠癌组织p63阳性率分别为42%和74%.两组间比较存在显著差异(P<0.01).p63阳性率在结肠癌组织浸润达粘膜层、肌层中为62%,在结肠癌组织浸润达浆膜层中为91%,两组间比较存在差异(P<0.05);p63阳性率在发生淋巴结转移的结肠癌组织中为86%.在无淋巴结转移的结肠癌组织中为59%,两组间比较存在差异(P<0.05);p63阳性率在A B期结肠癌组织中为57%,在C D期结肠癌组织中为89%,两组间比较存在差异(P<0.01);p63阳性率在高分化结肠癌组织中为55%,在中低分化结肠癌组织中为87%,两组间比较存在差异(P<0.05).p63表达上调参与结肠癌发生,并与结肠癌侵袭、淋巴结转移和临床演进关系密切.     

p63与p21在鼻咽癌细胞中的表达及相互作用的初步研究

鼻咽癌是中国南方地区常见的恶性肿瘤,p63是新发现的p53家族成员.本研究利用免疫组化方法对p63、p53及p21基因在鼻咽癌中的表达进行了检测,发现三者在鼻咽癌中均有表达;并利用染色质免疫共沉淀(ChIP)的方法对p63及p21的相互作用进行了初步研究,发现P63蛋白能与p21基因启动子区域的一个位点结合.     

p53、p63和Ki67与肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后的关系

目的 研究突变型p53、p63和Ki67的表达和肌层浸润性膀胱癌(muscle invasive bladder cancer,MIBC)预后的相关性.方法 回顾性收集2007年1月至2016年12月在我院因肌层浸润膀胱癌行根治性膀胱切除术患者共99例.根据突变型p53、p63和Ki67的表达情况将病人进行分组,采用K...     

p63在宫颈癌中的研究进展

p63是近年来新发现的p53蛋白家族成员,其在上皮细胞发育,细胞衰老、周期调控与凋亡,癌症的发生、发展中具有重要意义.宫颈癌是影响妇女健康的恶性肿瘤,p63在宫颈癌组织及癌旁组织的差异表达,提示其在宫颈癌中具有非同寻常的作用.介绍了p63蛋白的结构与功能,阐述了在宫颈癌细胞中p63与HPV瘤蛋白E6以及p63与NF-κB信号通路中相关蛋白相互作用关系的研究进展.     

p63与肿瘤发生调控网络研究进展

p63是p53家族成员之一,由于启动子和选择性剪切的不同,编码两类功能相异的蛋白异构体(TAp63与△Np63),在多种鳞状上皮源性肿瘤中发生表达改变,与肿瘤发生发展关系密切。p63作为转录因子通过调节下游靶基因及激活多种信号通路而发挥作用。由于p63的两类异构体功能相悖,当△Np63-TAp63表达动态平衡偏倚时,可引起细胞生物学行为的改变,但调控关系复杂,许多机制并未明了。该文结合当前研究进展,对p63各亚型的结构特点、活性调节及其参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和黏附迁移等几方面的调控作用作一综述,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

P504s、p63和HMWCK在前列腺病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:研究P504s、p63和HMWCK在前列腺病变鉴别诊断中的应用.方法:对93例不同的前列腺病变标本采用免疫组织化学方法观测P504s、p63和HMWCK的表达.结果:P504s在前列腺癌中高表达,正常前列腺组织基本不表达,在前列腺上皮内瘤变(PIN)及不典型增生(AAH)组织中可散在弱表达;p63和HMWCK正常前列腺组织表达,而在前列腺癌则没有或少量表达.结论:采用三种组合式抗体在同一张切片中直接观察各种病变,有助于前列腺病变的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

p63 is a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis interacting with mutant p53

p53 mutations, occurring in two-thirds of all human cancers, confer a gain of function phenotype, including the ability to form metastasis, the determining feature in the prognosis of most human cancer. This effect seems mediated at least partially by its ability to physically interact with p63, thus affecting a cell invasion pathway, and accordingly, p63 is deregulated in human cancers. In addition, p63, as an 'epithelial organizer', directly impinges on epidermal mesenchimal transition, stemness, senescence, cell death and cell cycle arrest, all determinant in cancer, and thus p63 affects chemosensitivity and chemoresistance. This demonstrates an important role for p63 in cancer development and its progression, and the aim of this review is to set this new evidence that links p63 to metastasis within the context of the long conserved other functions of p63.     

Differential effects of p63 mutants on transactivation of p53 and/or p63 responsive genes

p63, known to play a role in development, has more recently also been implicated in cancer progression. Mutations in p63 have been shown to be responsible for several human developmental diseases. Differential splicing of the p63 gene gives rise to p63 isoforms, which can act either as tumor suppressors or as oncogene. In this report, we studied the effects of naturally occurring TAp637 mutants on the regulation of p53/p63 and p63 specific target genes. We observed significant differences among p63 mutants to regulate the p53/p63 and p63 specific target genes. Additionally, we observed a differential effect of p63 mutants on wildtype-p63-mediated induction ofp53/p63 and p63 specific target genes. We also demonstrated that these mutants differentially regulate the binding of wildtype p63 to the promoter of target genes. Furthermore, the effects of these mutants on cell death and survival were consistent with their ability to regulate the downstream targets when compared to wildtype TAp63T. In summary, our data demonstrate that p63 mutants exhibit differential effects on p63 and p53/p63 specific target genes and on the induction of apoptosis, and provide further insight into the function of p63.     

From p63 to p53 across p73

Most genes are members of a family. It is generally believed that a gene family derives from an ancestral gene by duplication and divergence. The tumor suppressor p53 was a striking exception to this established rule. However, two new p53 homologs, p63 and p73, have recently been described [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6]. At the sequence level, p63 and p73 are more similar to each other than each is to p53, suggesting the possibility that the ancestral gene is a gene resembling p63/p73, while p53 is phylogenetically younger [1 and 2].

The complexity of the family has also been enriched by the alternatively spliced forms of p63 and p73, which give rise to a complex network of proteins involved in the control of cell proliferation, apoptosis and development [1, 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9].

In this review we will mainly focus on similarities and differences as well as relationships among p63, p73 and p53.     

p63 and p73 expression in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and their clinical significance

p53 plays a pivotal role in the prevention of human tumor formation. p73 and p63 are new members of the p53 tumor suppressor family, which are becoming increasingly recognized as important players in human tumorigenesis. However, the roles of these proteins are not well elucidated in extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) carcinoma. We examined expressions of the p63 and p73 genes and proteins in normal biliary epithelia, biliary dysplasias, and EBD carcinomas using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis. p63 and p73 proteins were overexpressed in 26.3 and 41.0% of EBD carcinomas, respectively. p63 protein expression was more frequent in tumors with vascular invasion (P = 0.002) and distal location (P = 0.04), while p73 expression was more common in cancers with deeper tumor invasion (P = 0.04). Patients with tumors co-expressing both p63 and p73 were found to have a significantly worse overall survival rate compared to those with either p63 or p73 expression (P < 0.05) as determined in univariate and multivariate analyses. Our results strongly imply that the p53 family members have different functions in EBD carcinomas. Our data also indicate that interactions between p63 and p73 play an important role in tumorigenesis of EBD carcinoma.