血型遗传规律的马氏链特性

1、两个命题命题1.设有限状态马氐链的转移概率阵为(p_(ij))n×n,通过有限次交换不同的行和对应的列后变为(p_(i′j))n×n,若p′_(ii+1)>0,i=1,2,……,n-1;p_(n1)>0,则该马氏链为不可约的。证同时交换不同的行和列,只不过是将状态的记号作对应的改变,     

包含两两NQD随机变量列所生成的移动平均过程的完全收敛性

假设{Yi;-∞〈i〈∞}为同分布的随机变量列,{ai-∞〈i〈∞}是一个绝对可求和的实数序列,定义移动平均过程Xk=∑ i=-∞ ∞ai＋kYi,k≥1,l（x）〉0为当x→∞时的缓变函数.本文主要研究了{Xk;k≥1}部分和序列的完全收敛性.     

植物学中几个容易读错的字

┌───┬─────┬─────┬────┬─────┬─────┐│字词 │}错误读音 │正确读音 │{字词 │错误读音 │正确读音 │├───┼─────┼─────┼────┼─────┼─────┤│尊麻 │x6n(寻) │qi轰n(钱) │…?草 │ x了(西) │qi盈n(欠) ││醉浆草│zh。(榨) │e心(醋) │}攀稻 │g苍ng(梗) │ilng(京) ││莎草 │sh:(沙) │su。(梭) │}摹叶根 │jing(净) │jsng(京) │└───┴─────┴─────┴────┴─────┴─────┘植物学中几个容易读错的字@李庆元$山东省郓城县伟庄…     

测报姑娘之歌

1=D兰 4(女声表演唱)陕西省延安县文化馆曲 安徽省阜阳县病虫侧报站填词}!:(丝二{二二1型毕1二,)二}}(齐呼)以防为主,综合防治。:二丝{__/、矛产户~.、__~~丝…丝丝…立、}丝5…丝三…其叨:。昼昼分分不不姑姑报报测测的的社社。l公公我们是我们是夜地观察忙。夜地观察忙。二川二介飞}二川。}二臼二乌丝1.…二川斌妩2病虫再复杂,虫网手中拿, Z产一、、革命意志强。喃!学习理论促大干.战斗在植保战线黑光灯发亮。喃!摆诱盆,插柳把,不管风雨工作不改l伯装一}(丝丝{丝二{些毕{二}(丝丝}丝丝{弧八.丝虫5病病6一灭把。1消定 一 5昂养︵业志内八…     

小型可变程序计算器在生物学和农业科学上的应用

对生物学和农业科学试验结果进行处理,都需要大量的和复杂的计算,这些计算一般都可归结为某种函数运算。若设函数为f,试验中所设计的因子或变量为x_i,则某一结果A可由运算关系给出:A=f(X_1,X_2,……X_n)对一个i个因子,j个水平,m次重复的试验,则使用f的次数高达m×(j)~i次。若f复杂,则计算量极大。     

鲜盾叶薯蓣中原始皂甙的分离与鉴定

从盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright)新鲜根茎的甲醇提取物分离到薯蓣皂甙元棕榈酸酯(diosgenin palmitate)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、纤细皂甙(gracillin)、原纤细皂甙(protogracillin)和原盾叶皂甙(protozingiberemissaponin),后者为一新甾体皂甙,结构推定为3-O-{α-L-鼠李吡喃糖(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-26-O-{β-D-葡萄吡喃糖}-薯蓣皂甙元(3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyran0syl(1→3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-26-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl}-diosgenin)。     

土农药对浮尘子与稻飞虱杀伤率试验(见下表)

总虫数二七农药名称黑尾浮尘子活若虫数%}羹、…%} 稻飞易赢葡万飞赢薪万福蔽公盆!尝盆l%}士盘l望盆1%}觉洁‘赵钊虫判‘“}曳叫虫咧,产%面丽而丽万而而石而不 5】4】44.斗!3】】1 33‘31 3!0一3曰1011}0}11!一0 7 12{22.2 13}1 1 16.67 1 10}{4}1 10 21一01‘}In 月!1一1!2!In 8 12}13}牛1 1 35‘四 2 11一0}3、一O25 10}11斗}6 1 30.071 15.的2。{。{}7}9}56·乃{25·o89 12 6 1212,8若数一斗3的转一科3死虫一洲成数死虫成数活虫总虫数RU二.笼“己.曰J 00月J,‘U凡吕 …蕊‘J,n八只︸八”,二二.孟‘717巧牡8661穷32 97 3129巧曳犯蛆10…     

基于H~距离对P53肿瘤抑癌基因的研究与应用（英文）

为了更深入的研究P53肿瘤抑癌基因,首先我们基于扩展的碱基表C={D,A,C,O,G,T,P}分别获得了加法运算和乘法运算,然后根据密码子集C~3={XYZ},定义了汉明距离d_H,继而通过加权和改进的汉明距离提出了H~*距离.进一步地,我们定义了密码子的外积和H~*内积.此外,也获得了DNA序列间的H~*距离d_(H~*)和H~*内积X_1Y_1Z_1,X_2Y_2Z_2).我们选取了9种与P53肿瘤抑癌基因相关的人类癌症基因序列,并分析了他们的代数结构,获取了如下结果:当0≤d_H≤1,我们发现它对任意的氨基酸突变位置没有任何影响,而d_(H~*)和(X_1Y_1Z_1,X_2Y_2Z_2)对氮基酸突变位置是敏感的,如d_(H~*),当氨基酸第一位碱基突变时,0.75≥d_(H~*)≥0.25;当氨基酸第二位碱基突变时,3≥d_(H~*)≥1;当氮基酸第三位碱基突变时,0.08≤dH_(H~*)≤0.25;如X_1Y_1Z_1,X_2Y_2Z_2,当氮基酸的第一位或第三位碱基突变时,X_1Y_1Z_1,X_2Y_2Z_2值都大于0;而当氮基酸第二位碱基突变时,-2≤X_1Y_1Z_1,X_2Y_2Z_2≤4,但其中65.22%都小于或等于0,且氨基酸的理化性质都发生了变化.同时,我们也可认为当X_1Y_1Z_1,X_2Y_2Z_2)小于或等于0时,第二位碱基将发生变化.通过以上的分析结果可知,较之于汉明距离,H~*距离及其内积更有利于研究氨基酸的理化性质.这些研究结果不仅有助于更深入的研究基因突变的密码子编码的氨基酸性质,也为人类癌症的预防与控制提供了一些参考.     

七个气象因子对海南山蛭种群数量动态影响八年观测研究

在海南岛五指山腹地橡胶林中系统观测海南山蛭种群数量变动8年．对海南山蛭种群数量Y与气候因素X_(1-n)的关系建立逐步最优回归方程Y=b_0 b_1X_1 b_2X_2 …… b_nX_n计算分析采用国际标准化最新版本SAS(6.11)软件进行分析．逐步回归分析表明：1）每年海南山蛭种群数量变动不同,影响其数量变动主要因素是X_1,X_2和X_3.2）雨季（5～10月）种群数量明显大,其主要影响因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,旱季（11月～次年4月）种群数量小,其主要影响因素是X_1.3）8年19条回归方程,7个气象因素中影响种群数量变动的主要气象因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,X_7,与山蛭生物学特性一致,本研究结果为山蛭防治提供科依据．     

类水狼蛛的核型（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

对稻田优势种类类水狼蛛(Pirata piratoides)进行了染色体核型、C-带核型的观察与分析,结果:类水狼蛛染色体数目:雄性2n=26,雌性2n=28,性别决定机制为X_1X_2O型,所有染色体均为端着丝粒,性染色体为最长的1条(对)和最短的1条(对)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.