共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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植物体细胞胚发生与作物育种 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
评述了植物体细胞胚发生在作物育种中的研究与应用,内容包含有:胚性细胞系的建立与原生质体培养;体细胞胚的形成与人工种子制作;胚性细胞与遗传转化;胚性细胞系与优良种质保存和体细胞无性系变异与突变体筛选等,并讨论了有关机理。 相似文献
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Signal molecules involved in plant embryogenesis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In plant embryogenesis, inductive interactions mediated by diffusable signal molecules are most likely of great importance. Evidence has been presented that at late globular stages in plant embryogenesis, perturbation of the polar auxin transport results in abberrant embryo morphology. Rhizobium lipooligosaccharides or Nod factors are a newly discovered class of bacterial molecules that are able to trigger initial steps in root nodule development in legumes. Part of the activity of Nod factors may be directed towards alteration of endogenous plant growth regulator balance. The same bacterial Nod factors promoted the formation of globular embryos in the carrot cell line ts11. Whether there exist plant analogues of the Nod factors and whether these molecules are active as a more universal control system perhaps designed to initiate and or mediate gradients in auxin and cytokinin remains to be determined. 相似文献
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M. T. Pérez-Núñez J. L. Chan L. Sáenz T. González J. L. Verdeil C. Oropeza 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(1):37-43
Summary Coconut is one of the most recalcitrant species to regenerate in vitro. Although previous research efforts using plumule explants have resulted in reproducible somatic embryogenesis, efficiency
is only 4 or 10 somatic embryos per plumule without or with a brassinolide treatment, respectively. In order to increase the
efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in coconut, two different approaches were evaluated and reported here: secondary somatic
embryogenesis and multiplication of embryogenic callus. Primary somatic embryos obtained from plumule explants were used as
explants and formed both embryogenic callus and secondary somatic embryos. The embrogenic calluses obtained after three multiplication
cycles were capable of producing somatic embryos. The efficiency of the system was evaluated in a stepwise process beginning
with an initial step for inducing primary somatic embryogenesis followed by three steps for inducing secondary somatic embryogenesis
followed by three steps for embryogenenis callus multiplication, and finally production of somatic embryos from callus. The
total calculated yield from one plumule was 98 000 somatic embryos. Comparing this to the yield obtained from primary somatic
embryogenesis results in about a 50 000-fold increase. When compared to the yield previously reported in the literature with
the use of a brassinolide treatment, it is about a 10 000-fold increase in yield. The present protocol represents important
progress in improvement in the efficiency of coconut somatic embryo production. 相似文献
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L. C. Fowke S. M. Attree P. Binarova M. E. Galway H. Wang 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1995,31(1):1-7
Summary Embryogenic cultures have been produced for a wide range of conifers and current methods developed for spruce permit the maturation
of high quality embryos that can be desiccated and then germinated to form plantlets. Embryogenic suspensions consisting of
immature embryos are an excellent source of regenerable protoplasts. This review considers examples of applications of embryogenic
suspension cultures for basic studies in three areas of plant cell biology. a) Immunofluorescence studies of microtubules
in mitotic spruce cells reveal focused spindle poles at prophase and anphase, suggesting the presence of microtubule organizing
centers (MTOCs). Antibodies known to recognize animal MTOCs do not stain the polar regions but do stain developing kinetochores.
b) Embryo-derived protoplasts regenerate directly to somatic embryos. Fluorescence studies of the cytoskeleton in freshly
derived protoplasts reveal random cortical microtubules and a fine network of actin filaments. During culture, protoplasts
change shape and develop transverse cortical microtubule arrays. Embryonal cells of newly formed embryos possess distinctive
arrays of cortical microtubules and networks of fine actin filaments while suspensor cells are characterized by transverse
cortical microtubules and longitudinal actin cables. c) Transmission electron microscope studies of endocytosis in spruce
protoplasts reveal an endocytotic pathway similar to that described previously for soybean. Uptake results are confirmed using
high pressure freeze fixation instead of conventional chemical fixation.
Presented in the Session-in-Depth Morphogenesis: Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation at the 1994 Congress on Cell and Tissue
Culture, Research Triangle Park, NC, June 4–7, 1994. 相似文献
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Embryogenic suspension cultures of celery (Apium graveolens L.) were established from petiole and leaf callus. Suspensions were routinely subcultured in a maintenance medium (with 2.3 M 2,4-D and 0.88 M BA). Somatic embryogenesis occurred in this medium, but was considerably improved in a regeneration medium (2.3 M kinetin, without 2,4-D). Cultures thus maintained, contained embryogenic clumps, aggregated somatic embryos, and few free-floating singular somatic embryos. Addition of mannitol (3–4% w/v) prevented cell lysis, greatly increased the number of singular somatic embryos, improved their normal differentiation, and accelerated torpedo embryo development. Experiments to reveal the nature of the mannitol effect demonstrated that the decreased osmotic potential was an important factor, but not the only one: iso-molar solutions of sucrose alone were not as effective. The mannitol effect could be manifested after a short (2–3 days) exposure period, suggesting a trigger (induction) mechanism. Several pathways of somatic embryogenesis in celery and its regulation by subculturing, with the addition of mannitol, are outlined. Cultures thus maintained resulted in a high rate of normal somatic embryogenesis and production of normal transplantable celery plants. 相似文献
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An efficient protocol of direct somatic embryogenesis (without involving intermediate callus) has been developed from stem
segments and shoot tips of Capsicum annuum L. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ). Among the various concentration
of TDZ tested, 0.5 μM was proved to be best for induction of somatic embryos. Induction, maturation and germination were achieved
on the same medium. The shoots developed from somatic embryos were transferred for rooting to MS medium supplemented with
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All the regenerated plants with 85 % survival rate were normal with respect to morphology and
growth characteristics. 相似文献
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Kyung Hwan Boo Dang Viet Cao Reniel S. Pamplona Doseung Lee 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(5):725-731
We established an in vitro plant regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis of Aster scaber, an important source of various biologically active phytochemicals. We examined the callus induction and embryogenic capacities of three explants, including leaves, petioles, and roots, on 25 different media containing different combinations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA). The optimum concentrations of NAA and BA for the production of embryogenic calli were 5.0 μM and 0.05 μM, respectively. Media containing higher concentrations of auxin and cytokinin (such as 25 μM NAA and 25 μM BA) were suitable for shoot regeneration, especially for leaf-derived calli, which are the most readily available calli and are highly competent. For root induction from regenerated shoots, supplemental auxin and/or cytokinin did not improve rooting, but instead caused unwanted callus induction or retarded growth of regenerated plants. Therefore, plant growth regulator-free medium was preferable for root induction. Normal plants were successfully obtained from calli under the optimized conditions described above. This is the first report of the complete process of in vitro plant regeneration of A. scaber via somatic embryogenesis. 相似文献
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An in vitro protocol has been developed for direct somatic embryogenesis of zygotic cotyledons from mature sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) embryos. Explants were sequentially cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of 2,4-D, NAA, BAP and TIBA. Somatic embryogenesis was induced within 4 weeks of culture on embryogenesis induction medium which contained MS medium supplemented with BAP and TIBA. Proliferation of somatic embryos was observed on embryo proliferation medium, which contained MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA within 4 weeks of culture. Plants were regenerated on hormone free half; strength MS medium containing a low sucrose concentration. With some sugarbeet lines, high frequencies of plant regeneration in excess of 90percnt; were observed. The incorporation of TIBA in the media was essential for successful regeneration. 相似文献
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Helena Mathews C. Schopke R. Carcamo P. Chavarriaga C. Fauquet R. N. Beachy 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(6):328-333
Methods for improving the efficiency of plant recovery from somatic embryos of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) were investigated by optimizing the maturation regime and incorporating a desiccation stage prior to inducing germination. Somatic embryos were induced from young leaf lobes of in vitro grown shoots of cassava on Murashige and Skoog medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. After 15 to 20 days of culture on induction medium, the somatic embryos were transferred to a hormone free medium supplemented with activated charcoal. In another 18 days mature somatic embryos became distinctly bipolar and easily separable as individual units and were cultured on half MS medium for further development. Subsequent desiccation of bipolar somatic embryos resulted in 92% germination and 83% complete plant regeneration. The plants were characterized by synchronized development of shoot and root axes. Of the non-desiccated somatic embryos, only 10% germinated and 2% regenerated plants. Starting from leaf lobes, transplantable plantlets were derived from primary somatic embryos within 70 to 80 days.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
Benzyl aminopurine
- GA
Giberellic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
Naphthalene acetic acid 相似文献