一种具有抗脂肪肝作用的脂肪酶的实验研究

为了研究特种脂肪酶ZFM对大鼠非酒精单纯性脂肪肝NAFLD的防治作用,本次实验通过给大鼠NAFLD模型灌胃ZFM,然后进行常规观察、体重及肝脏器系数测定、血清中ALT和AST的含量动态测定、肝脏肉眼大体外观变化情况观察、肝组织内TG的含量测定、肝组织病理学分析等。结果表明,ZFM显著降低ALT活性及肝组织TG含量,同时也可减轻肝脂肪变性的程度,说明ZFM具有显著的抗大鼠NAFLD的作用。     

中药新药保肝作用的研究进展

肝脏作为代谢器官,在人体内发挥着重要作用。随着肝病的发病率逐年上升,如何有效的保肝护肝已成为医学界和药学界共同面一临的巨大挑战之一。化学药物在治疗肝病的同时常常伴随各种毒副作用甚至更进一步的肝损伤,而中药凭借其安全性和有效性的优势在肝病治疗领域受到越来越多的重视。中药护肝已有悠久的历史,近年来随着技术的进步,更多更好的新型中药逐步上市,相关研究不断增多。本文将就这些研究成果进行阐述。     

共轭亚油酸对草鱼生长、肌肉成分、谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性的影响

<正>共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)的同分异构体,其共同特征为两个双键直接通过一个碳-碳单键连接,没有被亚甲基隔开。共轭亚油酸的双     

具有保肝作用的天然药物开发进展

肝脏是机体代谢的最主要场所,也是机体最容易遭受到损伤的脏器之一,各种因素引起的肝损伤已成为威胁人类健康的重要疾病之一。肝损伤机制主要与线粒体损伤、自由基脂质过氧化、炎症细胞因子分泌和细胞膜损伤有关。目前已报道很多天然药物具有显著保肝作用,且具有疗效稳定、副作用低、多途径作用、作用温和持久等优势,已广泛用于肝脏疾病的防治。本文对肝损伤的生理机制以及具有保肝作用的天然药物开发进展进行了综述,提出了目前存在的一些问题并进行了展望。     

饲料中添加磷虾水解物对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、体组成及相关酶活性的影响

选取初始体重为(9.46±0.01) g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)为研究对象, 以30%鱼粉组为对照, 分别添加5%磷虾水解物(LKH)和10%磷虾水解物(HKH)以替代鱼粉蛋白, 配制3组等氮等脂的饲料, 在室内流水养殖系统进行为期10周的养殖实验, 旨在探究饲料中添加磷虾水解物对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、体组成及相关酶活性的影响。结果显示, HKH组大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)、蛋白质效率比(PER)、蛋白质沉积率(PPV)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 但摄食率(FI)显著低于对照组(P<0.05); LKH、HKH组大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05); LKH、HKH组肝脏谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 而血清GOT活性与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05); HKH组肝脏谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著高于对照组和LKH组(P<0.05), 但血清GPT活性显著低于LKH组和对照组(P<0.05); HKH组肠道淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 同时随着磷虾水解物添加量的升高, 肠道及幽门盲囊胰蛋白酶活性先降低后升高, 且在HKH组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上结果表明, 在饲料中添加10%磷虾水解物能够提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能, 促进其氨基酸代谢和消化吸收。     

异育银鲫幼鱼对饲料中维生素B6需求量的研究

通过8周的生长实验,研究饲料中维生素B6的含量对异育银鲫(Carassius auratas gibelio)(初始体重3.3 g)生长、饲料利用及生化指标的影响。配制7组等氮等能的饲料,饲料中维生素B6的含量分别为0、1.11、3.29、5.41、12.7、13.3和27.3 mg/kg。实验结果表明,饲料中缺乏维生素B6会显著降低异育银鲫的特定生长率、饲料转化效率、蛋白质效率、存活率、肝体指数,但对摄食率没有显著影响。饲料中维生素B6的含量为12.70 mg/kg时,肝脏谷草转氨酶活性(GOT)活性最强,并且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在饲料中维生素B6含量为5.41 mg/kg时,肝脏谷丙转氨酶活性(GPT)活性显著提高。当饲料中维生素B6含量为12.7 mg/kg时,肝脏中维生素B6的沉积最高。通过折线法,根据特定生长率和饲料中维生素B6含量的关系,得出异育银鲫最大生长时饲料维生素B6的适宜含量为0.95 mg/kg;而以肝脏GOT和GPT活性为指标时,其饲料维生素B6的适宜含量分别为11.36和7.62 mg/kg。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯对大鳞副泥鳅急性毒性和生理毒性的影响

为了估测高效氯氟氰菊酯对水生生物毒性的大小,以大鳞副泥鳅作为受试动物,研究不同浓度的高效氯氟氰菊酯对其急性毒性和生理毒性的影响。结果表明:高效氯氟氰菊酯对大鳞副泥鳅24h、48h、96h的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为25.93μg/L、17.28μg/L、14.11μg/L,安全浓度为2.30μg/L。低浓度高效氯氟氰菊酯对大鳞副泥鳅肝脏谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)起诱导作用,高浓度对其起抑制作用,试验组与对照组存在显著或极显著差异。研究表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯对大鳞副泥鳅有较强的毒性。     

蛹虫草MF27高抗氧化活性提取物筛选及保肝作用研究

本研究对一株优质蛹虫草菌株MF27不同提取物进行体外抗氧化活性比较,筛选得到高抗氧化活性提取物,并进一步探究该提取物对CCl₄诱导的小鼠肝损伤的修复作用。以DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率为抗氧化评价指标,从菌丝体发酵液、菌丝体水提物/醇提物、以及子实体水提物/醇提物中筛选菌株MF27的高抗氧化活性提取物;以CCl₄致小鼠急性肝损伤为模型,通过检测血清生化指标、肝功指标的变化,来评价该高活性提取物的体内抗氧化保肝效果。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,MF27的不同提取物均具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,但对清除DPPH和OH自由基能力最好的提取物是子实体水提物,其对DPPH自由基的半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）为0.096mg/mL,对羟自由基的半数有效浓度（EC₅₀）为0.196mg/mL,当在1mg/mL 时对DPPH自由基的清除率为94.94%,对羟自由基的清除率为70.17%;体内抗氧化保肝结果显示,给药组（子实体水提物）相比模型组而言,小鼠血清中ALT、AST以及肝脏中MDA水平极显著降低（P<0.01）、SOD水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,表明子实体水提物能有效改善氧化性肝损伤,同时与阳性对照（联苯双酯）对比,给药组在肝脏指数上表现出相当的作用（P>0.05）。本研究表明菌株MF27的最有效抗氧化活性提取物是子实体水提物,它对体内氧化性肝损伤有一定的修复能力,揭示MF27子实体水提物具有成为抗氧化性肝损伤功能产品的潜力。     

龙胆草地上部分的化学成分

为研究龙胆草（Gentiana scabra Bunge）地上部分的化学成分,利用硅胶柱色谱对其乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱方法鉴定了化合物的结构。分离得到β-香树脂醇（1）、β-谷甾醇（2）、β-香树脂醇乙酸酯（3）、乌苏醇（4）、齐墩果酸（5）、6-去甲氧基-7-甲基茵陈色原酮（6）。其中化合物6为首次从龙胆科植物中分离得到的具有2-苯氧基色原酮骨架的天然酚类成分,本文对其1D和2DNMR谱的特征及EI质谱主要碎片的可能裂解方式进行了讨论,利用单晶X-射线衍射方法对其晶体结构进行了分析,为该类天然产物的结构表征提供了依据。     

Callus Culture and Gentiopicroside Formation in Gentiana manshurica Kitag.

Suitable medium for callus growth and gentiopicroside formation of Gentiana manshurica Kitag. was studied employing orthogonal design and monofactorial experiment. The results showed that combination of NAA 1 mg/L +KT 0.5 mg/L was best for callus growth, while NAA lmg/L, is the suitable phytohormone for gentiopicroside formation. B5 medium was suitable for callus growth while MS medium was suitable for gentiopicroside formation. The experiment of orthogonal design indicates that NH4+/NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and sucrose were the factors significantly affecting fresh weight, dry weight and gentiopicroside content of callus. However, the level of some factors for callus growth was different from that for gentiopicroside formation. In 18 different media, No. 7 was best for callus growth and No.10 medium was best for gentiopicroside formation.     

Studies on Formation of Flower Bud and Prerequisite of Flowering in Vitro in Gentiana manshurica Kitag

Large amounts of plantlets of Gentiana manshurica Kitag. from germinated seeds in vitro can be obtained by micropropagation. Flower buds differentiate on shoot tip and leaf axil when ptantlets are transferred into MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/l zeatin, 0.2 mg/l NAA, 0.4 mg/l kinetin and 2 mg/l succinic acid-2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide under the cultural conditions of 28±2℃, 1,300 lx and 8 hours per day. The anthesis of blue-purple flower can prolong to 4 weeks. The development of pollen and ovule is normal and is similar to that of Gentiaceae described in the monograph"Systematic embryology of the angiosperms", by Davis (1966). Flowers in vitro are utilized expectantly for breeding or for commerical use directly.     

条叶龙胆根培养物中龙胆苦苷的产生和含量

条对龙胆愈伤组织中龙胆苦苷含量较低,根的分化可以提高龙胆苦苷的含量。培养的离休根中龙胆苦苷的含量则更高。随着继代次数的增加,愈伤组织中龙胆苦苷含量下降快,而分化根的愈伤组织和离体培养根中龙胆苦苷含量下降较慢。在愈伤组织的液体培养中,1/2MS培养基附加低浓度的植物激素,龙胆苦苷含量有所提高。植物激素配比促进愈伤组织中分化根的形成,也促进龙胆苦苷的产生;但促进愈伤组织的生长时,不利于龙胆苦苷产生。在离体根培养中,添加 1mg/L的金雀花碱,促进龙胆苦苷的产生,含量可达1.48％,明显高于愈伤组织(0.52％)和分化根的愈伤组织(0.65％),也高于试管苗根的龙胆苦苷含量(1.01％)。     

条叶龙胆离体根培养条件的初步研究

本试验对条叶龙胆(Gentiana manshurica)离体根生长的培养基种类、光、通气进行了试验,并在此基础上用正交试验法对影响离体根生长的7个主要成分进行了试验。找出了适合条叶龙胆离体根生长和鲜重增加的培养基是white+CH 50 mg/l,IBA 0.1 mg/l,基本培养中相应的VB_1改为0.5 mg/l,蔗糖30 g/l,pH4。     

Lipid peroxidation in liver of rats administrated with methyl mercuric chloride

Parenteral administration of methyl mercuric chloride (MMC, CH₃HgCl) to rats enhanced lipid peroxidation in liver of rats, as measured by the thiobarbituric acid reaction for malondialdehyde (MDA) in fresh tissue homogenates. After sc injection of CH₃HgCl (5 mg/kg body wt), MDA concentration in liver became significantly increased at 24 h and further increased at 48 h. Dose-response studies were carried out with male albino rats of the Fisher-344 strain (body wt 170–280 g) injected with 3 or 5 mg Hg/kg as CH₃HgCl and sacrificed after 24 h. In time-response studies, animals were administered 5 mg Hg/kg as CH₃HgCl and sacrificed after 24 and 48 h. Studies in the authors’ laboratory have shown that (1) mercury is accumulated in liver; (2) concentration of MDA is increased in liver of CH₃HgCl-treated rats; (3) severity of hepatotoxicity is generally proportional to the elevation of MDA concentration, based upon the dose-effect relationships observed after administration of CH₃HgCl to rats. The results of this study implicate that the lipid peroxidation is one of the molecular mechanisms for cell injury in acute CH₃HgCl poisoning.     

Chromosomal analyses in vinyl chloride-exposed workers

Chromosomal morphology from cultured peripheral lymphocytes was studied in 81 men; 57 of the men were employed on plants manufacturing vinyl chloride or polyvinylchloride, 19 were on-site controls and 5 were off-site controls. There was a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities in the exposed workers when compared with the controls. The greatest statistically significant increase in total B and total C cells occurred in autoclave operators, with smaller increases in other job categories. The increase in chromosomal aberrations was correlated with the length of exposure and with a history during the year prior to sampling (1973–1974) of exposure to excursion levels of vinyl chloride. Information on smoking habits was obtained 18 months after blood sampling and a positive correlation between these and total C cell abnormalities was found. There was no positive correlation with various other parameters (bilirubin, platelets, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase). It was not possible to estimate which of the three parameters (smoking history, length of employment or exposure to excursion levels) was the most important.     

Chromosomal analyses in vinyl chloride-exposed workers

Chromosomal morphology from cultured peripheral lymphocytes was studied in 81 men; 57 of the men were employed on plants manufacturing vinyl chloride or polyvinylchloride, 19 were on-site controls and 5 were off-site controls. There was a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities in the exposed workers when compared with the controls. The greatest statistically significant increase in total B and total C cells occurred in autoclave operators, with smaller increases in other job categories. The increase in chromosomal aberrations was correlated with the length of exposure and with a history during the year prior to sampling (1973–1974) of exposure to excursion levels of vinyl chloride. Information on smoking habits was obtained 18 months after blood sampling and a positive correlation between these and total C cell abnormalities was found. There was no positive correlation with various other parameters (bilirubin, platelets, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase). It was not possible to estimate which of the three parameters (smoking history, length of employment or exposure to excursion levels) was the most important.     

Characterization of an Acidic Polysaccharides from Carrot and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice

The characteristics of acidic polysaccharides extracted from Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm were investigated and its hepatoprotective effects on alcoholic liver injury were determined in the mice model. A carrot polysaccharide (CPS-I: Carrot polysaccharide-I) with the molecular weight of 3.40×10⁴ kDa was isolated from Daucus carota L. and purified by diethylaminoethyl-52 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. The components were analyzed by HPLC, which revealed that CPS-I consisted of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, and galactose at a relative ratio of 1 : 3.16 : 1.13 : 5.53 : 3.45 : 7.76. Structural characterization analysis suggested that CPS-I was mainly composed of →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→ and →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→. The hepatoprotective effect of CPS-I was evaluated by alcoholic liver injury mice model. The results showed that the administration of CPS-I (300 mg/kg/day) alleviated the alcoholic liver injury in mice by increasing the levels of ADH and ALDH and reducing oxidative stress. CPS-I ameliorated the pathological changes of liver characterized by lipid accumulation, and reduced the number of lipid droplets.     

Differential Effect of Cd2+ and Ni2+ on Amino Acid Metabolism in Soybean Seedlings

In 10-d-old soybean seedlings, the growth of roots and shoots was significantly inhibited at 50 and 100 M and more Cd²⁺, respectively, and by 50 M or more Ni²⁺. Although total protein content of roots exposed to 200 M Cd²⁺ or Ni²⁺ was similarly decreased compared to the control, the activity of nitrate reductase was much more inhibited by Cd²⁺. Ni²⁺-treatment (200 M) induced an accumulation of all free amino acids in roots associated with a decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities reflecting the accumulation of both alanine and aspartic acid, respectively. Cd²⁺-treatment (200 M) decreased the amount of all free amino acids. In addition, cysteine which is the main amino acid consisting the phytochelatin complexes constituted about 17.5 % of total free amino acids. The activities of both ALT and AST in Cd²⁺-treated roots were higher than in Ni²⁺-treated roots suggesting higher conversion of alanine and aspartate to pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Primary leaves excised from either Cd²⁺ or Ni²⁺-treated seedlings showed similar pattern of enzyme activities as roots.