多胺生物合成抑制剂对番茄幼苗根伸长和小米种子发芽的影响

多胺的生物合成抑制剂L-刀豆氨酸,D-Arg,DFMO和DCHA处理番茄种子时,幼苗根的伸长和根内多胺含量明显受抑。外加适量的多胺,能逆转根伸长的抑制效应。过量的外源Spm抑制小米种子发芽,外加Spd与Spm能逆转这种抑制效应。     

多胺生物合成抑制剂结合热处理后番茄冷害、多胺含量的变化及其相关性分析

以“佳粉15”和“粉红908”番茄为试材,分别采用热空气处理和多胺生物合成抑制剂(D-精氨酸和二环己胺)处理,然后于2℃(冷害温度)下贮藏。结果表明,热处理和2种多胺抑制剂处理都可以降低番茄的冷害指数和呼吸速率,抑制呼吸高峰的出现,并抑制多胺的合成。腐胺含量与冷害之间相关性分析的结果表明,多胺合成抑制剂结合热处理是通过改变果实腐胺的生物合成或分解代谢实现其减轻冷害作用的。     

多胺对烟草根系生长发育的影响（简报）

土培、砂培和水培试验表明 0.1～0.5 mmol/L的多胺(腐胺和亚精胺)都明显促进烟草侧根发生,增加根数、根长、根体和及根干重,提高根系活力,亚精胺的此种作用大于腐胺。     

苹果幼苗侧根形成与内源多胺关系的通径分析(英文)

本文采用偏回归和通径分析研究苹果幼苗侧根形成与内源多胺含量之间的关系。多胺对苹果幼苗侧根形成有重要的调节作用,内源多胺的水平高低与侧根数量之间有显著的线性相关。腐胺、亚精胺和精胺对侧根形成的影响不同,它们对侧根数量的直接通径系数分别是0.0756,0.1558和0.8023。因而表明精胺在增加侧根数量中的作用最大,而亚精胺和腐胺几乎没有直接的作用。不过,亚精胶和腐胺通过影响精胺水平,对侧根形成有很大的间接作用。     

生长素类化合物及6－苯甲基腺嘌呤对拟南芥主根生长的抑制效应比较

为更好的研究生长素类化合物及6-苯甲基腺嘌呤（6－BA）对细胞分裂和细胞伸长的影响,以拟南芥主根为材料,从组织学水平比较了IAA、NAA、2,4－D和6－BA对拟南芥主根分生区和伸长区的抑制效应,发现IAA和NAA效果是相似的,可以通过促进细胞分裂显著增加根分生区长度,但也显著缩短主根仲长区长度,而2,4－D和6－BA则通过抑制细胞分裂来显著缩短根分生区长度,同时也显著缩短根伸长区的长度。     

多胺调控细胞生长机制的研究进展

多胺(腐胺、精脒、精胺)是真核细胞体内重要的多聚阳离子,对细胞的生长增殖发挥重要作用。快速生长的细胞内含有高浓度的多胺,降低多胺含量将抑制细胞的生长,阻滞细胞周期,而升高多胺含量则会促进细胞快速生长增殖。对多胺的调控已经成为研究细胞生长增殖调控的切入点之一。     

盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗根系脯氨酸和多胺代谢的影响

以2个黄瓜品种‘长春密刺’(抗盐性较强)和‘津春2号’(抗盐性较弱)为材料,采用营养液栽培,研究了盐胁迫对幼苗根系脯氨酸(Pro)和多胺(PAs)代谢的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫能提高黄瓜幼苗根系吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性,抑制脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性,从而显著增加Pro含量,且‘长春密刺’变化幅度显著大于‘津春2号’;盐胁迫下,‘长春密刺’根系精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)活性升高幅度显著大于‘津春2号’,而多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性升高幅度显著低于‘津春2号’,引起其根系内亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量显著增加;盐胁迫下,2品种根系腐胺(Put)含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,随着Put积累降低,Pro含量显著增加。可见,盐胁迫诱导根系较高的Pro、Spd和Spm积累有利于提高黄瓜幼苗对盐胁迫逆境的适应能力,盐胁迫下PAs代谢和Pro代谢密切相关,Put的积累一定程度上促进了Pro含量的增加。     

抗倒胺（Inabenfide）对棉花幼苗生长的影响

抗倒胺（Ｉｎａｂｅｎｆｉｄｅ）对棉花幼苗生长的影响沈成国金留福（山东农业大学农学系,泰安２７１０１８）ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＩＮＡＢＥＮＦＩＤＥＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＣＯＴＴＯＮＳＥＥＤＬＩＮＧＳＳｈｅｎＣｈｅｎｇ－ｇｕｏＪｉｎＬｉｕ－ｆｕ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ...     

Effects of Some Growth Regulators on Polyamine Biosynthetic Enzymes in Etiolated Pea Seedlings

This study was designed to examine possible links between polyaminebiosynthesis and effects of growth regulatory compounds. Anauxin (IAA), a cytokinin [benzyladenine; benzylaminopurine (BAP)],an ethylene source (ethephon) and abscisic acid (ABA) were individuallyapplied to terminal buds of excised etiolated or red light (R)-exposedpea epicotyls. Effects were noted on bud fresh weight and onthe two main enzymes of putrescine biosynthesis, arginine decarboxylase(ADC; EC 4.1.1.19 [EC] ) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17 [EC] ).As previously reported [Dai and Galston (1981) Plant Physiol.67: 266], both bud growth and ADC activity are increased byR light. In such buds, ADC is raised further by 1–10 µMBAP or ABA and inhibited by 1–10 µM IAA or ethylene(50 mg/liter or more of ethephon). In all cases, effects ofR-irradiation plus 1 mM growth regulators on ODC activity wasthe inverse of their effects on ADC, indicating independentcontrol of these pathways. These results do not support theview that putrescine biosynthetic activity is correlated withgrowth in etiolated pea seedlings. ¹Supported by a grant from NSF to A.W.G. ²Supported by a grant from the Turkish Government. Permanentaddress: Department of General Botany, University of Istanbul,S?leymaniye, Istanbul, Turkey. ³On sabbatical leave from the Department of Horticulture, HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. (Received September 22, 1983; Accepted February 28, 1984)     

二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根生长及其细胞分裂的影响

以莴苣幼苗为受体,用培养皿法检测从细果角茴香中分离得到的二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根生长和根毛发育的影响,并采用根尖细胞有丝分裂检测和单细胞凝胶电泳法对其可能的作用机制进行了初步研究.结果显示:较低浓度(25、50μmol/L)二氢血根碱能显著促进莴苣根的生长,较高浓度(200、300μmol/L)二氢血根碱显著抑制根的生长;二氢血根碱(10、20、30、40、50μmol/L)对莴苣幼苗根毛发育有极显著的抑制作用,且两者均表现了浓度依赖性.较低浓度(25、50μmol/L)二氢血根碱使根尖细胞有丝分裂指数显著增加,而对根尖细胞DNA没有显著影响;较高浓度(200、300μmol/L)二氢血根碱使根尖细胞有丝分裂指数显著下降,同时根尖细胞DNA受到显著性损伤.研究发现,低浓度的二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根生长的促进作用主要是由于根尖细胞有丝分裂活力增加所致;而高浓度二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根的抑制作用极可能是由于根尖细胞DNA受到损伤,使得细胞分裂活力降低,分裂期细胞数目减少,从而导致根生长受到抑制.     

外源NO对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗根生长抑制和氧化损伤的缓解效应

研究了外源一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗根生长和氧化损伤的影响。结果表明,5~100 μmol·L^-1的NO供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside, SNP)处理显著减轻100mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫对黑麦草幼苗根生长的抑制效应,其中50 μmol·L^-1的SNP效果最明显,150 μmol·L^-1以上的SNP处理则抑制根的生长。50 μmol·L^-1 SNP处理提高了100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下黑麦草幼苗根组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及液泡膜上H⁺-ATP酶(H⁺-ATPase)和H⁺焦磷酸酶(H⁺-PPase)的活性,使谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(ASA)和脯氨酸含量及K⁺/Na⁺、(Spd+Spm)/Put比值和根干物质积累量增加,超氧阴离子(O^-₂)、H₂O₂和丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,而1mmol·L^-1NO清除剂PTIO和1 μmol·L^-1 NaNO₂处理(对照)的效果则不明显。由此推断,NO通过提高根组织的抗氧化和渗透调节能力,促进根系对K⁺的选择性吸收及Put向Spd和Spm的转化,降低Na⁺的吸收并加强在液泡中的区隔化缓解盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗根生长的抑制和膜脂过氧化损伤。     

Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus Supply on Polyamine Content, Growth and Photosynthesis of Plantago lanceolata

A greenhouse pot experiment with different phosphorus supply was conducted to study growth, photosynthesis and free polyamine (PA) content in Plantago lanceolata L. plants in relation to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. Inoculum of Glomus fasciculatum (BEG 53) was used. Inoculated plants had high colonization intensities which were related to the P supply. Non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants showed a typical yield response curve for P availability. Dry masses of mycorrhizal (M) plants were higher at the lowest soil P content than those of NM plants, but the opposite was found at the highest P supply. P contents in M plants were always higher. There were no differences in chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations (except the lowest soil P content) and ratios of variable to maximum Chl fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values between M and NM plants, whereas M plants had higher ratios of leaf area to fresh mass (A/f.m.) at low soil P contents and they had significantly higher CO₂ fixation capacities per unit leaf area. Free putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) contents in NM plants were usually highest at the lowest P supply. The ratios of Put/(Spd+Spm) were identical in M and NM leaves. They were significantly higher, however, in NM roots at the two low P doses. It is concluded, that a P nutritional status might exist, below which PA concentrations and ratio are increased drastically, possibly indicating P deficiency or a certain state of plant development with a higher demand for AM symbiosis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

褪黑素对玉米幼苗根系发育和抗旱性的影响

褪黑素是一种在生物体内广泛存在的吲哚胺类化合物,参与植物的多种生理和生化过程.近年来研究认为褪黑素可以不同程度地增强植物的抗逆性,但对其作用机理仍知之甚少.通过两种褪黑素的施用方法,详细研究了褪黑素对于玉米根系发育和抗旱性的影响.首先,采用水培根灌褪黑素的方法对玉米幼苗的根系和生长状况进行分析,结果表明施加褪黑素显著提...