Evaluation of the use of the tobacco PR-1a promoter to monitor defense gene expression by the luciferase bioluminescence reporter system

Because of their marked responsiveness to induction signals, genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins are used as markers to monitor defense gene expression in plants. To develop a non-invasive bioluminescence reporter assay system, we tested acidic PR-1 gene promoters from tobacco and Arabidopsis. These two promoters share common regulatory elements and are believed to show similar responsiveness to various stimuli but the results of transient expression assays by microprojectile bombardment of various plant cells and npr1 mutant Arabidopsis suggest that the tobacco PR-1a promoter is superior to its Arabidopsis counterpart in terms of responsiveness to salicylic acid treatment. Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings harboring the tobacco PR-1a promoter fused to firefly luciferase showed marked induction in response to treatment with chemicals that induce defense gene expression in plants. These results suggest that the tobacco PR-1a promoter is applicable in monitoring defense-gene expression in various plant species.     

ocs/mas|一个受损伤和植物激素诱导的嵌合启动子的构建与功能分析

选择适宜的转录调控序列以提高启动子的转录效率,增强外源基因在转基因植株中的表达,对改良作物的抗病虫性具有重要意义。将甘露碱合成酶基因(mas)启动子和章鱼碱合成酶基因(ocs)增强子杂合而成的嵌合启动子ocs/mas与GUS报告基因连接,构建了植物表达载体pOMS-GUS。对照载体pMAS-GUS仅携带mas启动子驱动的GUS基因。利用根癌农杆菌介导法,将以上植物表达载体分别转化烟草。应用半定量RT-PCR和GUS荧光定量分析法分别检测不同胁迫条件下启动子驱动的GUS基因表达量的变化。结果显示,未诱导处理的转基因植株GUS基因仅有微弱表达。伤害处理1h后,mas启动子驱动的GUS活性是未诱导处理的1.8倍,而嵌合启动子ocs/mas的诱导表达活性是未处理的5.7倍。植物激素水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)处理也诱导了较高水平的ocs/mas嵌合启动子活性;而且SA和MJ联合作用时呈现叠加效应,转基因烟草的GUS活性明显高于伤害处理后的GUS表达水平。以上结果表明,ocs/mas嵌合启动子是一种强诱导型启动子,可以接受多种刺激因子的诱导,从而为更有效地改良作物抗病虫的能力提供新的候选高效启动子元件。     

Evaluation of the Use of the Tobacco PR-1a Promoter to Monitor Defense Gene Expression by the Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporter System

Because of their marked responsiveness to induction signals, genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins are used as markers to monitor defense gene expression in plants. To develop a non-invasive bioluminescence reporter assay system, we tested acidic PR-1 gene promoters from tobacco and Arabidopsis. These two promoters share common regulatory elements and are believed to show similar responsiveness to various stimuli but the results of transient expression assays by microprojectile bombardment of various plant cells and npr1 mutant Arabidopsis suggest that the tobacco PR-1a promoter is superior to its Arabidopsis counterpart in terms of responsiveness to salicylic acid treatment. Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings harboring the tobacco PR-1a promoter fused to firefly luciferase showed marked induction in response to treatment with chemicals that induce defense gene expression in plants. These results suggest that the tobacco PR-1a promoter is applicable in monitoring defense-gene expression in various plant species.     

Induction of a small heat shock protein and its functional roles in Nicotiana plants in the defense response against Ralstonia solanacearum

In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Ralstonia solanacearum OE1-1 (RsOE1-1) is pathogenic, whereas R. solanacearum 8107 (Rs8107) is nonpathogenic and induces the hypersensitive response (HR). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of plant-R. solanacearum interactions, we used differential display to isolate a cDNA fragment, A6, regulated in tobacco by inoculation with RsOE1-1. The deduced amino acid sequence predicted from full-length A6-cDNA showed similarity to small heat shock proteins from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; hypothetical protein), Medicago truncatula, and Cucumis melo; we therefore designated A6 to correspond to Ntshsp17 (for tobacco small heat shock protein 17). Recombinant Ntshsp17 overproduced in Escherichia coli exhibited molecular chaperone function. Expression of Ntshsp17 was increased in tobacco leaves inoculated with both RsOE1-1 and Rs8107. Expression was induced by heat treatment and by treatment with aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid. Ntshsp17 expression was induced by inoculation with a HR and pathogenicity gene mutant of Rs8107 that does not induce the HR, but not by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of INF1, an HR elicitor. In Nbshsp17-silenced plants (an Ntshsp17 ortholog in Nicotiana benthamiana), expression of ETHYLENE-RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1a (PR1a), and PR4 genes was compromised, but expression of ELONGATION FACTOR1alpha was scarcely affected. Appearance of the HR was not affected in the silenced plants. In the silenced plants, growth of Rs8107 was accelerated. Bacterial growth and wilt symptoms elicited by RsOE1-1 were also accelerated in the silenced plants. These results indicate that this small heat shock protein might have a role in HR-independent defenses in Nicotiana plants.     

基于烟草瞬时表达体系对amiRNA沉默效果快速有效的预验证

amiRNA(artificial microRNA)作为一种诱导基因发生特异性沉默的技术已在多种植物中应用,但设计出的不同amiRNAs在所转化株系中的沉默效率难以预测,因此对amiRNA载体的沉默效率进行预验证是非常必要的。本实验以丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)的1个MYB类转录因子基因SmPAP1的mRNA序列为amiRNA作用对象,并挑选2个经在线软件WMD3(Web MicroRNA Designer)设计的amiRNAs,分别命名为amiRNA1-SmPAP1和amiRNA2-SmPAP1,然后通过农杆菌介导将构建的2个amiRNA载体和SmPAP1过表达植物载体在烟草叶片细胞中进行瞬时共表达。结果显示,amiRNA2的表达丰度约是amiRNA1的2倍;amiRNA2对靶标SmPAP1的沉默效率约是amiRNA1的2.5倍;SmPAP1在mRNA和蛋白水平上均与相应amiRNA的表达水平呈显著负相关。因此,amiRNA在烟草细胞中的瞬时表达可快速、有效地对不同amiRNA沉默效果进行预验证,从而为后续的植物遗传转化研究提供重要参考。     

人工合成根特异启动子SRSP的功能分析

根负责吸收水分和养分,是重要的植物组织,但易受生物及非生物胁迫,影响作物的生长发育和产量。设计合成根特异启动子,可为与胁迫相关的抗性基因在作物根部的功能研究及高效表达提供候选启动子。文中将4拷贝的根特异性顺式作用元件(OSE1ROOTNODULE、OSE2ROOTNODULE、SP8BFIBSP8AIB和ROOTMOTIFAPOX1)以串联排列方式设计合成了一个根特异性模块(pro-SRS),并与来自CaMV35S启动子的最小启动子融合,合成一个人工合成启动子SRSP。通过替换CaMV35S启动子将SRSP启动子克隆到pCAMBIA2300.1中以驱动GUS表达。将携带SRSP启动子的构建体通过农杆菌介导的方法转化到烟草中。GUS组织化学染色分析和实时PCR (RT-PCR)分析显示SRSP启动子在转基因烟草中赋予根特异性表达。说明顺式作用元件重复排列可实现启动子预期功能,本研究为理性设计植物组织特异启动子奠定了理论基础。