Reconstruction of vermilion in unilateral and bilateral cleft lips

The white skin roll is a useful term to describe the cutaneo-vermilion border of the lip. The muco-vermilion border line parallels the white skin roll and is described as the red line. The lip vermilion should be constructed so that these lines are parallel and widest at the base of the philtral column. It is suggested that the triangular lateral lip vermilion flap be used in unilateral cleft lips. In bilateral cleft lips, a white skin roll vermilion-mucosal muscle flap is used for reconstruction of vermilion.     

A method for correlating ultrastructural and histochemical data from individual muscle fibers.

The present study describes a new method making possible correlation of histochemical and ultrastructural data from identical muscle fibers. The method appears a valuable tool in studies where both light and electron microsocopy are required to obtain all necessary information.     

Malacoplakia of the uterine cervix. Histologic, cytologic and ultrastructural study of a case

A rare case of malacoplakia of the uterine cervix is described. The histologic, histochemical and ultrastructural findings in this case were typical of this entity. The typical Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were quite easily identified in the cervicovaginal smear with the use of the Von Kossa stain. This method can be an important diagnostic aid in cytologically differentiating this lesion from neoplastic or parasitic processes.     

Two-dimensional gel analysis of polypeptides from normal,preneoplastic and neoplastic mouse mammary tissues

Summary High-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was employed to reveal tumor-associated polypeptide changes, using the BALB/c C4 line mouse mammary model system, for which phenotypic and immunogenic alterations accompanying tumor progression are well defined. In the first set of experiments, polypeptide patterns from 20 µg whole tissue lysates of normal mammary gland, C4 preneoplastic hyperplatic alveolar nodule outgrowth (HAN) and spontaneous tumor from C4 HAN were compared. In order to normalize for differential cellularity and extracellular protein content in the whole tissues, our analysis included polypeptide patterns from serum, increased concentration of protein from whole normal mammary gland, and primary cultures of epithelial cells from normal gland, HAN and tumor. Using a computer-based image-analysis system, 90 polypeptides were identified in C4 tumor that were absent in C4 HAN, normal mammary gland and serum. None of the 90 polypeptides could be shown to represent a definite qualitative change in the protein composition of tumor epithelium as they were found to be either present in a higher concentration of protein from whole normal gland, or present in the primary epithelial culture from HAN, or absent in the primary epithelial culture from tumor.Conversely in the second set of experiments, when epithelial cultures were used as the starting point for comparisons to locate tumor-associated polypeptides, none of the 15 polypeptides that were present in cultures from three different tumors, and absent in the culture from normal mammary gland was specific to C4 tumor, as they were present in whole tissues of normal gland.Thus our experimental approach detected significant quantitative but no qualitative polypeptide changes in whole tumor tissue, or in tumor-derived epithelial cell cultures. This finding may reflect the limitations of the two-dimensional PAGE method, and warrants caution in the use of such gel analysis alone to identify tumor-associated proteins.Supported by NIH grant CA42522     

Morphological,histochemical and ultrastructural indicators of maize and barley leaf senescence

In this study we report on morphological and histochemical indicators of maize and barley leaf senescence. We determined how the traits such as distribution of stomata and hairs, presence of epicuticular wax, staining of tissues with toluidine blue, change with leaf age and within the leaf blade. We identified regions of young, non-mature leaves as exhibiting juvenile phase, regions with features typical for mature and fully differentiated leaves-as an adult phase and regions with traits of age damage as a senescing phase. Ultrastructural analysis of these regions of leaves gives a clear picture of the time development of the senescence process. Appearance of morphological and histological indicators of senescence in certain regions of leaf is correlated with ultrastructural changes of mesophyll cells of the same regions. We have thus found a relatively simple method of estimating the stage of senescence both in maize and barley.     

Primary extracellular ceroid type lipopigment. A histochemical and ultrastructural study

Summary An extracellular ceroid-type (ECC) lipopigment which appears histologically as wavy hyaline membranes or, less frequently, as an amorphous solid or broadly reticulated mass is described. Its ultrastructure is either amorphous or membranous and consists either of simple linear membrane-like aggregates or elaborated trilaminar membranes. The histochemical profile is, as in histiocytic intracellular ceroid, dominated by autofluorescence, strong hydrophobicity, acid and extraction resistance. Staining for aromatic acid residues and periodic acid-Schiff positivity are strong but variable. Lectin receptors are either absent or sparse. The pigment is found solely within the lipid rich tissue debris, bound to processes marked by necrosis of adipose or steatosed tissues and interpreted as originatingde novo extracellularly from liquid unsaturated lipids under the influence of local enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid oxidation catalysts. A hitherto unknown form of extracellular ceroid is the so-called membranocystic lesion found in Nasu-Hakola's disease, in several other conditions and in annular ceroid in human atheromas.     

Histological, histochemical, enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural investigations of the testis of Padogobius martensi between annual breeding seasons

From July to March, the testis of the spring‐spawning freshwater goby Padogobius martensi is characterized by spermatogonial proliferation. A close correlation exists among type of proliferating spermatogonia, gonado‐somatic (I_G) profiles and morphological and functional variations of the Leydig cells. The I_G reach their minimal levels by the end of summer and increase progressively but modestly during autumn and winter. Declining I_G levels are associated with proliferation of primary spermatogonia only, whereas increasing I_G levels are associated with predominant proliferation of secondary spermatogonia. Minimal I_G levels are reached when the germinal epithelium is formed by a continuum of primary spermatogonia and associated Sertoli cells. The proliferation of secondary spermatogonia begins only at this time. Spermatogenesis in autumn occurs when spermatogonial cysts contain at the most 16 cells and it rarely results in the maturation of several cysts so that the amount of sperm cells produced is either negligible or scarce. A number of degenerating cells are usually present within the spermatogonial and meiotic cysts. Leydig cells are the unique cells that display features of steroidogenic cells: mitochondria with tubular cristae, extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and sudanophilia. Light and dark Leydig cell varieties are always present. During regression, Leydig cells undergo a marked decrease in SER amount, mitochondrial sizes and number of mitochondrial cristae. In parallel, the 3β‐HSD and G6PD activities and sudanophilia decrease progressively until they become undetectable by the end of regression. In autumn, mitochondria increase in size, reaching sizes similar to those observed at the end of the spawning season in the light cells, but not in the dark cells. The SER, on the contrary, undergoes a modest and irregular increase only in a part of the Leydig cells, mostly of the light type. In parallel, the 3β‐HSD and G6PD activities increase until they become moderately intense by the end of autumn. At the end of winter, the SER is extensive and regularly dilated in both Leydig cell types, whereas mitochondria still have sizes similar to those observed in December. The 3β‐HSD and G6PD activities are strong and sudanophilia is again detectable. Sertoli cells undergo changes in shape and position in relation to the proliferation of primary spermatogonia and the development of cysts. A junction modulation occurs in association with these changes. Sertoli cells also undergo changes indicative of a decrease in activity immediately after spawning (loss of mitochondrial cristae and clarification of the mitochondrial matrix) and of an increase in activity by the end of the regressing phase (darkening of the mitochondrial matrix and increase in mitochondrial cristae, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes). In addition, they are involved in the phagocytosis of degenerating germ cells at all stages of their development. Macrophages are found in the testis interstitium only, where they are usually adjacent to Leydig cells, myoid cells and blood capillaries and do not participate in the phagocytosis of degenerating germ cells. Myoid cells do not undergo ultrastructural changes except for an increase in the amount of heterochromatin by the end of spawning. The meaning of the autumnal spermatogenic wave and the relationships between the development of the germinal epithelium and the changes of the Leydig and Sertoli cells are discussed.     

A method for correlating ultrastructural and histochemical data from individual muscle fibers

Summary The present study describes a new method making possible correlation of histochemical and ultrastructural data from identical muscle fibers. The method appears a valuable tool in studies where both light and electron microscopy are required to obtain all necessary information.     

Comparative histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the nephron of selected snakes from the Egyptian area

The present study was aimed to compare and contrast the histochemical, histological and ultrastructural variations (microanatomical differences) in the nephrons of selected snake species, Eryx jaculus (Boidae), Psammophis sibilans (Colubridae), Naja haje (Elapidae) and Echis pyramidum (Viperidae) from Egypt. The structural studies were carried out by conventional light and electron microscopy. The nephron, the renal unit of snakes, consists of renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, intermediate segment, distal tubule and collecting tubule. The renal corpuscles have large capillaries with clear and dark fenestrated endothelial cells. The proximal tubule showed long microvilli, cytoplasmic vacuoles, developed endoplasmic reticulum and abundant mitochondria. The intermediate segment was lined by ciliated cells. The lining cells of the distal tubules showed few microvilli, abundant dense mitochondria and clear vesicles of mucous appeared in the terminal portion. The collecting tubules consisted of mucous cells. In summary, the ultra-structure studies of nephrons revealed several interspecies similarities and also some intra-species differences in species of snakes.     

Histologic studies of ostracoderms, placoderms and fossil elasmobranchs. 6. Hard tissues of Ordovician vertebrates

Size and distribution of dermal elements in Ordovician eriptychiids and astraspids are considered relative to phases of skeletal assimilation and regression. The phyletic significance of acellularity in aspidin is discussed, as also is the alleged relationship claimed to exist in initial developmental stages between that hard tissue and dentine proper. To judge from hard tissue histology the astraspids may not, like the eriptychiids, have belonged to the heterostracans but to another group, of early agnathans, still incompletely known.