优质鲜食黄肉猕猴桃新品种‘金圆’的选育及特性分析

‘金圆’是以种间杂交品种‘金艳’（Actinidia chinensis×A.eriantha）为母本、中华猕猴桃（A.chinensis Planch.）为父本,从回交F₁代群体中选育出的中熟黄肉猕猴桃新品种。通过对‘金圆’植物学性状、特异性、营养成分、贮藏性等进行研究,结果显示：‘金圆’果实为短圆形,单果重80~100 g,软熟时果肉橙黄色,质细味浓;‘金圆’的花瓣数和花丝数与母本‘金艳’接近,花冠直径和柱头数较‘金艳’分别增大了9.31%和52%,而花柄长度比‘金艳’短16.75%;萌芽率和果枝率略低于‘金艳’,但比‘海沃德’高出55.26%和43.33%;‘金圆’的可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量与‘金艳’相当,但维生素C含量比‘金艳’高4.63%,是‘海沃德’的2.2倍;‘金圆’矿质元素含量丰富,P和K含量分别比‘金艳’高30.86%和22.53%,Mg含量比‘海沃德’高24.86%;‘金圆’的总氨基酸含量丰富（8 mg/g）,E/N和E/T值均高于‘金艳’和‘海沃德’,更接近于理想模式;‘金圆’在低温下（1~2℃,相对湿度90%~95%）贮藏150 d时,好果率在80%以上,200 d后,好果率仍有65%,贮藏性略低于‘金艳’,但显著高于‘海沃德’。利用Geo7-223分子标记扩增‘金圆’基因组得到3个条带,表明其与‘金艳’和‘金桃’在分子水平上具有一定差异。本研究表明‘金圆’具有良好的农艺性状和品质特性。     

灌水施肥对羊草(Aneurolepidium chinense)草原群落光合速率的影响

对天然羊草群落进行灌水和施肥后,测定了它们(灌水、灌水加施肥和对照)的群落光合速率。结果如下:1.在灌水、施肥加灌水处理后23天测定,处理群落的叶层高度分别比对照高8%和9%;群落LAI分别比对照高68.97%和99.93%;群落生物量分别比对照高41%和65.69%;群落日净光合量分别是对照的2.48倍和3.76倍;最大光合量分别是对照的2.82倍和3.12倍。2.灌水施肥处理后,羊草群落光合速率日变化的类型与对照基本一致,属于双峰型。唯独灌水加施肥群落(处理后3天)是单峰型,没有中午降低现象。看出较好的水肥条件能改变群落的日变化类型。3.在温湿度条件较差时或随着处理时间的推移,处理的效果越显著。第一阶段测定时,灌水、灌水加施肥处理的群落日净光合量分别是对照的1.26和1.17倍。第二阶段测定时,分别是对照的1.40和1.84倍。第三阶段测定时,分别是对照的2.48和3.76倍。     

链格孢菌粗毒素对菊花‘神马’幼苗生长及生理代谢的影响

由链格孢菌引起的菊花黑斑病严重降低了菊花的品质和产量.链格孢菌在代谢过程中分泌的粗毒素是菊花黑斑病发生的主要致病因子之一.本文从菊花黑斑病发病叶片中分离筛选出致病真菌链格孢菌1株,研究其粗毒素对菊花幼苗‘神马’生长的影响以及测定盆栽幼苗叶片细胞膜相对透性、抗性物质含量、诱导酶活性及代谢物质含量变化.结果表明: 链格孢菌粗毒素对菊花‘神马’幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长均有抑制作用,毒素浓度与抑制效果呈正相关,且粗毒素原液处理14 d后,菊花幼苗株高、茎粗、根长受到显著抑制,分别比对照减少了28.9%、21.4%和23.3%;链格孢菌粗毒素处理菊花‘神马’幼苗后,根系组织细胞膜透性随着毒素浓度的增加而增加,在同一毒素浓度处理下,菊花幼苗叶片细胞膜透性随着处理时间的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势;毒素原液处理菊花幼苗后,菊花幼苗叶片中抗性物质可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)以及脯氨酸含量均显著提高.链格孢菌10倍稀释液处理对叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的提高最为显著.链格孢菌粗毒素对切花菊‘神马’幼苗的致病作用主要通过抑制菊花幼苗根、茎的正常生长,增加菊花幼苗叶片细胞膜透性,影响切花菊幼苗叶片中抗性物质代谢以及提高叶片保护酶活性而影响植株正常生理代谢.     

不同添加物对文心兰原球茎增殖及试管苗生长的影响

以文心兰切花品种‘南茜’原球茎(PLB)及试管苗为材料,在培养基MS＋6-BA 2 mg/L＋Ad 1 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L＋蔗糖30 g/L基础上,利用增殖系数及不同形态指标加权分析研究马铃薯、芋头、南瓜、香蕉及活性炭(AC)5种培养基添加物及其组合对‘南茜’PLB增殖及试管苗生长的影响。结果表明,适宜文心兰PLB增殖培养的添加物为马铃薯泥50 g/L,培养45 d后,PLB增殖系数是对照的3.64倍;适宜无菌小苗(约1.5 cm)增殖及生长的添加物为香蕉泥50 g/L＋AC 1 g/L,加权总分是对照的1.53 倍;适宜无菌中苗(约2.5 cm)增殖及生长的添加物为马铃薯泥25 g/L＋香蕉泥25 g/L,加权总分是对照的1.55倍。     

不同定植期和摘心方案下5个品种(系)茶用菊生长和产量性状的变化

为了比较5个茶用菊新品种(系)的产量水平,并筛选出获得高产的定植期和摘心方案,以 ‘苏菊10号’、‘苏菊12号’、‘苏菊13号’、‘CH1-44’、‘CH5-13’ 为试材,采用三因素裂区试验设计,主区为早、中、晚3个定植期,裂区为5个新品种(系),裂裂区为4种摘心方案,比较不同栽培措施下植株生长和产量的差异.结果表明: 5个新品种(系)中,‘CH5-13’和‘苏菊13号’产量相对较高,‘CH1-44’和‘苏菊10号’产量次之,‘苏菊12号’产量最低;5月27日中期定植、二次摘心措施下5个新品种(系)的株高、冠幅、单株花数、花径、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量均显著优于其他处理,较5月7日和6月13日定植分别提高16.0%和19.0%、18.0%和22.8%、36.7%和42.2%、11.1%和2.3%、13.0%和4.0%、47.8%和36.6%、48.5%和36.7%.随着摘心时间的推迟,株高显著降低,二次摘心株高较不摘心降低50.2%;二次摘心处理的冠幅、单株花数、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量最高,较不摘心依次提高17.0%、29.1%、5.5%、34.0%和34.8%.品种(系)、定植期、摘心方案3个因素对茶用菊生长性状和产量影响作用的大小依次为:定植期>品种>摘心.     

甘蓝型油菜种子中油体的超微结构及蛋白质组分析

以甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）含油量较高的品种‘ZS11’、含油量中等的品种‘Westar’和‘Topas’以及含油量较低的品种‘ZS10’为实验材料,通过超微结构观察和统计,比较分析不同品种种子中油体形态、大小和数量的差异。研究结果显示,品种‘ZS11’种子子叶细胞油体排列致密,形态较小,大部分油体的直径低于1 μm;而在含油量中等或较低的品种中,种子子叶细胞油体排列均显疏松,其中‘Westar’和‘Topas’的油体较大,而‘ZS10’的油体大小不一。本研究还通过双向电泳分析进一步检测了‘Westar’和‘ZS11’种子中总蛋白和油体蛋白的差异表达情况。结果显示,‘Westar’和‘ZS11’种子总蛋白双向电泳图谱中,表达量具有2倍以上差异的蛋白质点共有57个;其中在‘Westar’中特异表达的种子总蛋白质点有24个,在‘ZS11’中有23个。在上述2个品种油体蛋白双向电泳图谱中,表达量具有2倍以上差异的蛋白质点共有52个,在品种‘Westar’中特异表达的有2个,‘ZS11’中有13个。表明不同含油量的油菜品种种子在油体的结构和蛋白组份上均存在差异。     

有机及生态绿色栽培对猕猴桃果实品质的影响

以中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）品种‘H-1’为材料,研究有机栽培和生态绿色栽培模式对其可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、Vc、氨基酸、矿物元素和香气等果实品质性状的影响。结果显示：生态绿色栽培的‘H-1’中,果实可溶性固形物、总糖和Vc含量比有机栽培的果实分别高出15.90%、26.30%和29.25%,其中Vc的差异最为明显;总酸含量与有机栽培种相差不大;有机栽培的‘H-1’中必需氨基酸的含量是生态绿色栽培种的1.69倍,且锌和钙的含量也高于生态绿色栽培,但钾元素含量相差不明显;生态绿色栽培的‘H-1’果实中可检出的果香成分比有机栽培多5种。研究结果表明栽培方式不同,猕猴桃果实品质表现出一定差异,可根据果实鲜食及加工用途的不同选择合适的栽培方式。     

LED光质对茄子果实品质及抗氧化能力的影响

采用发光二极管(LED)精量调制光质和光强,以白光为对照,研究红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光对‘布利塔’长茄果实品质、抗氧化能力及产量的影响.结果表明: 蓝光处理下,茄子果肉中可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和茄皮中花青素含量显著高于其他处理,分别比对照高15.1%、27.2%和73.6%,但果肉中类黄酮、总酚含量及产量显著低于其他处理;红光处理下,茄皮中类黄酮含量显著高于其他处理,但果肉中维生素C(Vc)和可溶性蛋白含量显著低于其他处理;红蓝组合光处理下,果肉中可溶性糖及茄皮中总酚、红色素、黄色素含量、总抗氧化能力以及产量均显著高于其他处理,其中茄皮中总抗氧化能力及产量分别比对照高43.5%和43.4%;而白光处理下,果肉中Vc、类黄酮和总酚含量及总抗氧化能力最高.茄皮中总酚及果肉中Vc含量与其总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关.设施栽培条件下,适当补充蓝光或红光均有利于改善茄子部分品质,红蓝组合光更有利于改善茄皮品质与产量形成.     

川东南杂交中稻超稀栽培对稻米整精米率和垩白粒率的影响

以‘II优7号’、‘汕优63’和‘香优2号’为材料,研究了超稀栽培与稻米整精米率和垩白粒率的关系及其作用原因,结果表明：栽秧密度与整精米率呈极显著负相关,与垩白粒率呈极显著正相关。在中高氮施肥水平条件下,当栽秧密度超稀到7.51万穴•hm-2时,在保证比传统高产栽培密度每公顷栽秧21.64万穴的对照不减产前提下,整精米率提高了15.69%～29.92%,垩白粒率降低了16.34%～21.22%。其原因在于,超稀植增加了每穗着粒数,降低了齐穗期的叶粒比,以致稻穗籽粒灌浆速率减慢而改善整精米率和垩白粒率。齐穗后20 d施氮可同时起到提高结实率和整精米率的双重效果。     

‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态及其受株龄和遮荫的影响

生物量分配动态研究对了解作物产量形成机制具有重要意义。‘凤丹’是以杨山牡丹（Paeonia ostii T.Hong et J.X.Zhang）为原种形成的新型木本油料作物,其产量形成机制尚不明确。本文采取破坏性取样策略,研究不同株龄‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态以及遮荫对产量的影响。结果显示,‘凤丹’生物量在果熟期达到最大值,总生物量随株龄增大而增加,但其增长速率趋势则相反。‘凤丹’根和茎的生物量分配在休眠期最大,而叶生物量分配最大值出现在果熟期;繁殖分配仅为3.24%~6.85%,但随株龄增大而增加（4年生果实生物量为（7.74 ±0.31）g/株,8年生果实生物量为（26.81 ±0.44）g/株）。‘凤丹’单株年同化总量为161.21~232.34 g,种子收获指数为2.71%~6.87%,收获指数与株龄呈正相关（R²=0.8178）。‘凤丹’营养生长和总生物量在遮荫条件下有所降低,但繁殖生物量和收获指数在30%遮阳处理中显著增加（种子增产3.66 g/株,产量提高389.36%）。本研究表明‘凤丹’年周期内的源与库结构呈动态变化,株龄对‘凤丹’的生物量分配及产量有明显效应,适度遮荫可提高‘凤丹’的产量。     

Late migration and seawater entry is physiologically disadvantageous for American shad juveniles

Juvenile American shad Alosa sapidissima were subjected to isothermal transfers into sea water (salinity 24)‘early’(1 September; 24° C) and ‘late’(10 November; 10° C) in the autumn migratory season. Early acclimation resulted in a modest osmotic perturbation that recovered rapidly. Haematocrit declined by 14% at 24 h, recovering within 48 h. Plasma osmolality increased by 6% at 4 h, recovering within 8 h. Early acclimation caused a two‐fold increase in gill Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity by 24 h and a four‐fold increase by 4 days. The number of chloride cells on the primary gill filament increased two‐fold by 4 days. Chloride cells on the secondary lamellae rapidly decreased from 22 cells mm^?1 to <2 cells mm^?1 within 4 days. Late acclimation resulted in a severe and protracted osmotic perturbation. Haematocrit levels declined by 23% at 4 days, recovering by 14 days. Plasma osmolality increased by 36% by 48 h, recovering by 4 days. Initial gill Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity was two‐fold greater than in ‘early’ fish and did not change during acclimation. Initial numbers of chloride cells on the primary filament were two‐fold greater than ‘early’ fish and did not increase during acclimation. Initial number of chloride cells on the secondary lamellae was five‐fold greater than ‘early’ fish (116 v. 22 cells mm^?1) and declined to negligible numbers over 14 days. Differences between initial measures for ‘early’ and ‘late’ fish reflect previously described physiological changes associated with migration. These data indicate that late migrants face a greater physiological challenge during seawater acclimation than early migrants. Physiological performance apparently limits the observed duration of autumnal migration.     

Recovery of South African fynbos vegetation following alien woody plant clearing and fire: implications for restoration

Abstract The recovery of fynbos vegetation after invasion by dense stands of alien trees, and clearing by either ‘burn standing’, ‘fell and burn’, or ‘fell, remove and burn’ treatments, was investigated in two watersheds in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Native plant density, cover, functional and biological guilds and species richness were compared with matched control sites that were not invaded, but were burnt in the same fires. Species richness was lower for invaded sites compared to controls, at all scales measured (up to 2000m²). Species area curves for invaded sites did not converge with those of controls, indicating that lower richness at smaller scales was not compensated by increased species survival at a larger scale. Indigenous plant density and cover were lower for invaded sites compared to controls. Overall, treatment differences were non‐significant, but the ‘burn standing’ treatment caused the least change to vegetation variables, and the ‘fell, remove and burn’ and ‘fell and burn’ treatments caused greater, similar changes. Changes to the guild structure of the recovering fynbos stands differed among treatments, and indicated that the ‘fell and burn’ treatment had the greatest negative effect on guild survival. In the ‘fell and burn’ treatment, which resulted in an exceptionally intense fire, only non‐mycorrhizal graminoids (predominantly myrmecochores) persisted relatively well. Because of practical problems associated with the ‘burn standing’ and ‘fell, remove and burn’ treatments, managers often have little option but to apply the ‘fell and burn’ treatment. Our results illustrate the dangers of this, and highlight the need for intervention before areas become densely invaded. They also highlight the need for effective biological control agents to reduce rates of spread of aggressively invasive species.     

淹水胁迫对星花玉兰及其品种光合特性的影响

为探究星花玉兰（Yulania stellata）光合生理特性对淹水胁迫的响应规律,采用双套盆法对星花玉兰及其4个品种进行淹水处理,测定不同淹水时间叶绿素含量、比叶面积、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明：①在淹水胁迫下,各品种叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素变化趋势基本一致,‘皮鲁埃特’和‘菊花’未出现显著性变化,星花玉兰、‘贝蒂’和‘朱迪’呈下降趋势。②各品种的净光合速率（P_n）呈下降趋势,处理组最大净光合速率（P_nmax）与光饱和点（L_SP）均显著低于对照组;‘菊花’和‘皮鲁埃特’的暗呼吸速率（R_d）为处理组高于对照组,而‘贝蒂’、‘朱迪’和星花玉兰的Rd在淹水处理后显著降低,光合产物消耗减少。③各品种星花玉兰的最大光化学量子产量（F_v/F_m）均为下降趋势。‘皮鲁埃特’与‘朱迪’有效光化学量子产量（Φ_PSⅡ）在淹水胁迫下整体下降幅度较小,分别为8.4%和24.7%;‘菊花’、‘贝蒂’和星花玉兰则下降幅度较大,分别为76.7%、85.7%和64.6%。淹水胁迫影响星花玉兰及其品种光合特性,不同品种有差异,除‘贝蒂’外其余4个星花玉兰品种在处理前7 d时光合作用正常进行,‘皮鲁埃特’具有较强的光合能力和涝害适应能力。研究结果可为筛选适应南方湿涝地区或易积水地区栽植的星花玉兰品种提供理论依据。     

Na2CO3胁迫下甜菜幼苗根际土壤环境因子的变化及其相关性

以两个甜菜品种‘KWS0143’(耐盐碱性强)和‘Beta464’(耐盐碱性较弱)为对象,设置4个Na₂CO₃浓度处理[占土壤质量的0%(CK)、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%],采用盆栽方法研究甜菜幼苗时期植株干质量、根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量的变化.结果表明: 与对照相比,0.4%处理的植株干质量明显增加,而0.8%和1.2%处理显著受到抑制,且处理间差异显著. 不同处理下甜菜幼苗根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性表现出相似的变化规律,0.4%处理酶活性较对照有所增加但不显著;0.8%和1.2%处理则显著降低了酶活性,同时‘KWS0143’的土壤酶活性均高于‘Beta464’.与对照相比,0.4%处理土壤微生物群落没有显著变化;0.8%和1.2%处理的根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著减少,且‘KWS0143’的根际微生物数量高于‘Beta464’.两品种植株干质量、土壤酶和土壤微生物之间呈显著正相关;通径分析表明,‘KWS0143’植株干质量决定系数表现为:放线菌>细菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶,‘Beta464’表现为:放线菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶>细菌.     

CPPU处理对猕猴桃果实品质的影响

以猕猴桃(Actinidia)品种‘东红’和‘金玉’为材料,在果实发育不同时期用20 mg/L的氯吡脲(CPPU)浸果处理,比较不同实验组的果重、可溶性固形物含量、糖含量、酸含量、Vc含量和花青素含量等果实品质的差异,探讨CPPU处理的最佳时期;并在‘东红’和‘金玉’的CPPU处理组和对照组中,采用实时荧光PCR技术(RT-qPCR)分析花青素相关基因的表达水平,探究CPPU调控花青素积累的分子机理。结果显示,花后14 d(14 DAF)为CPPU处理‘东红’的最佳时期,处理后单果重提高了24%,总糖含量提高了38%。相关性分析表明,果重与花青素含量成正相关。‘金玉’果实经CPPU处理后内果皮并未出现明显变化。‘东红’果实经处理后,其花青素含量显著提高,内果皮颜色更加红艳。RT-qPCR分析结果发现,CPPU处理后花青素合成相关基因AcF3GT、AcF3H、AcLDOX、AcMYB10和AcMYB110表达量上调,促进花青素的积累。研究结果表明CPPU处理能提升‘东红’和‘金玉’猕猴桃果实品质,处理‘东红’猕猴桃的最佳处理时期是花后14 d。CPPU处理导致上述5个基因表达水平提高,从...     

Na2CO3胁迫下甜菜幼苗根际土壤环境因子的变化及其相关性

以两个甜菜品种‘KWS0143’(耐盐碱性强)和‘Beta464’(耐盐碱性较弱)为对象,设置4个Na₂CO₃浓度处理[占土壤质量的0%(CK)、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%],采用盆栽方法研究甜菜幼苗时期植株干质量、根际土壤酶活性和微生物数量的变化.结果表明: 与对照相比,0.4%处理的植株干质量明显增加,而0.8%和1.2%处理显著受到抑制,且处理间差异显著. 不同处理下甜菜幼苗根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性表现出相似的变化规律,0.4%处理酶活性较对照有所增加但不显著;0.8%和1.2%处理则显著降低了酶活性,同时‘KWS0143’的土壤酶活性均高于‘Beta464’.与对照相比,0.4%处理土壤微生物群落没有显著变化;0.8%和1.2%处理的根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著减少,且‘KWS0143’的根际微生物数量高于‘Beta464’.两品种植株干质量、土壤酶和土壤微生物之间呈显著正相关;通径分析表明,‘KWS0143’植株干质量决定系数表现为:放线菌>细菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶,‘Beta464’表现为:放线菌>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>真菌>碱性磷酸酶>细菌.     

5种药剂对红火蚁的田间药效评价

以活动蚁巢减退率和工蚁减退率为指标,评价红火蚁克星（Ⅳ型）、灭蚁威、火蚁净、蚁净安和灭蚁蝗等5种药剂对红火蚁的防治效果。结果表明,不同药剂间防治效果存在差异,其中药后21 d,红火蚁克星（Ⅳ型）和灭蚁威饵剂均具有很好的防治效果,对蚁巢防效和活动工蚁的防治效果均达90.0%以上。建议采用上述两种药剂进行轮换使用,从而延缓红火蚁产生抗药性。     

A sensitive method to measure physical and chemical carcinogen-induced "unscheduled DNA synthesis" in rapidly dividing eukaryotic cells

A sensitive assay for quantitating ‘unscheduled DNA synthesis’ (repair synthesis) in transformed human amnion (AV₃) cells has been developed. The combined use of hydroxyurea and arginine-deficient culture medium enabled the detection of 10–20 fold increases in ‘unscheduled DNA synthesis’ after treatment with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene or ultraviolet light. The technique allows the detection of ‘DNA repair synthesis’ following treatment with extremely low doses of mutagens and carcinogens.     

Patchy distributions of Spirogyra arcta do not affect growth of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum

Spatial heterogeneity is common in aquatic conditions, but few studies have examined the effects of heterogeneous distributions of biological factors on aquatic plants. Spirogyra (Spirogyra arcta) coexists with many submerged macrophytes, such as Ceratophyllum demersum, but no study has examined the effects of heterogeneous distributions of spirogyra on the growth of submerged plants. We grew the submerged plant C. demersum in three homogeneous, aquatic conditions (0, 50 and 100% of the water surface in the container was evenly covered by spirogyra, referred to as ‘control’, ‘50%’ and ‘100%’, respectively) and two patchy conditions (the left half of the water surface in the container was not covered by spirogyra and 50% and 100% of the water surface in the right half of the container was evenly covered by spirogyra, referred to as ‘50%‐patchy’ and ‘100%‐patchy’, respectively). Compared with the control, the 100% treatment greatly decreased the biomass and number of ramets of C. demersum, but the 50% treatment did not. Growth of C. demersum in the left half of the container did not differ significantly between the control and the two heterogeneous treatments (50%‐patchy and 100%‐patchy). In addition, growth of C. demersum in the right half of the container did not differ between the 100% and the 100%‐patchy treatment or between the 50% and the 50%‐patchy treatment. Our results suggest that C. demersum can tolerate shading by spirogyra to a certain extent and that heterogeneous distributions of spirogyra do not affect its growth.     

Micropropagation of Sicilian cultivars with an aim to preserve genetic diversity in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

The use of a small number of cultivars in agriculture can lead to a loss of agrobiodiversity. Since in vitro techniques are valuable tools for conserving plant biodiversity, an efficient micropropagation protocol for four Italian hazelnut cultivars, ‘Carrello’, ‘Ghirara’, ‘Minnulara’, and ‘Panottara’, was developed. The highest axillary bud survival was obtained after decontamination with 40?min 1% sodium hypochlorite followed by 40?min 0.1% sodium merthiolate in ‘Minnulara’ and ‘Ghirara’, while the 35?+?35?min treatment was the best for ‘Carrello’ and ‘Panottara’. Shoot multiplication was higher in ‘Minnulara’ and ‘Ghirara’ when 6.6?μM N⁶-benzyladenine was used, even if some hyperhydric shoots were observed, while metatopolin was more effective in the other two cultivars. In vitro rooting, performed in ‘Carrello’ and ‘Panottara’, was higher with 17.6 than with 9.8 µM indole-3-butyric. Following in vitro root induction with 17.6 µM indole-3-butyric acid for 7 days, rooting and acclimatisation in greenhouse exceeded 85% for all four cultivars.