滑刃线虫属一新种(垫刃目:滑刃科)

在“全国农作物寄生性线虫种类调查和鉴定”的过程中,我们于1980年10月24日在河南省驻马店地区遂平县车站公社里桥大队的大豆根系中分离到滑刃线虫属一新种(线虫分离法:漏斗分离;线虫固定和保存于“T.A.F.”液)。1982年,我们对该种进行了显微镜和扫描电镜观察、测量、描述、核查、绘图等,鉴定为一新种。模式标本存于广州华南农业大学线虫研究室。描述如下(量度以微米计)。     

旋尾双瓣线虫(旋尾目：丝虫总科)在我国的发现

该文报道从有庄动物园一只死亡的斑海豹Ｐｈｌｃｏａ ｖｉｔｕｌｉｎａ中采集的一种线虫,旋尾双瓣线虫Ｄｉｐｅｔｌａｏｎｅｍａ ｓｐｉｒｏｃａｔｔｄａ（Ｌｅｉｄｙ,１８５８）Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ,１９５９。这个虫种与Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ的描述基本相同,但虫体的大小、雄虫尾乳突的数目以及左交合刺的长度与Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ的描述略有不同。该种线虫在我国首次报道,为我国新纪录种。     

河南省哺乳动物分布新纪录——小泡巨鼠

2007年11月进行河南啮齿动物调查时,在位于伏牛山南坡的河南省镇平县二龙乡山林中捕获一只活体啮齿动物,经鉴定为小泡巨鼠Leopoldamys edwardsi,标本存于郑州大学生物工程系生物标本馆.该种为河南省哺乳动物分布的新纪录(路纪琪,王廷正,1996;路纪琪等,1997),描述如下.     

反芻兽消化道中叶氏古柏线虫(Cooperia erschovi Wu，1958)的发现

叶氏古柏线虫系吴淑卿氏(1958)在我国黄牛胰脏中所发现的一新种。至今年余,一直未见有关该种线虫的报导和记载。吴氏在其报导中对该种线虫作了详细的特征描述,并指出了新寄生部位发现的实践意义。此外,在其讨论中还对虫体进入胰脏的路径作了初步的推测。     

牙鲆逆盲肠线虫在中国的发现

1956年暑假南京大学傅贻训先生由青岛带回一些由尖吻黄盖鲽(Pseudopleuronectes her-zensteini)和舌鳎(Cynoglossusrobustus)采得的寄生线虫,经鉴定后是牙鲆逆盲肠线虫(Contracaecum(Erschovicaecum)paralichthydisYamaguti)。该种系 Yamaguti 于1941在日本牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)的胃内发现,原始的描述较简单,附图亦较少,且缺少雄虫的     

植物寄生线虫在我国的危害特点

早在1743年Needham第一次报道线虫能寄生小麦引起粒瘿病。1850年Hardy在野燕麦上发现有另一种寄生线虫。1859年Schacht报道了寄生甜菜的线虫,1871年Schmidt对这线虫进行描述,命名为甜菜孢囊线虫(Heterodera sckachtii)。后来又有许多学者继续报道了许多植物寄生线虫,才逐渐引起人们的注意。到1906年以后便形成一门专业学科,近三十年来更进一步得到飞速发展。迄今全世界共计发现并正式描述报道的植物寄生线虫已达140多属、2000多种。 我国的植物寄生线虫研究工作起步也早,最初是1916年章祖纯在北京发现小麦线虫引起粒瘿病。50年代便在河北、天津、北京、山东     

中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种——两色蜘蛛抱蛋

报道了中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种———两色蜘蛛抱蛋。该种原产于越南,在中国为首次记录。本文对该种的特征进行了详细描述,尤其是对该种的花果期和果实的特征进行了重新描述和补充。凭证标本存放于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)。     

中国的齿状真菌研究3.肉齿菌属

对中国肉齿菌属的3个种进行了总结,其中花状肉齿菌为中国新记录种.该种采集自海南省儋州市热带植物园,主要特征:子实体花朵状、覆瓦状叠生,囊状体棒状或纺锤形,担孢子广椭圆形.根据采集的标本对该种进行了详细的描述及显微结构绘图,对该种与其它种类的联系和区别进行了讨论,并列出了附有每种简要描述的检索表.     

黄鼬似泡翼线虫的二新宿主

1984年作者参加北京地区动物生态系统调查,在房山周口店,从社鼠 Ratlus conficianus 和黑线姬鼠 Apodemus agrarius 的胃中都采集到了黄鼬似泡翼线虫 Physalopteratae mustelae。社鼠和黑线姬鼠均为该线虫的新宿主。但标本的测量数据与原始记载均有不同。现将其在不同宿主中的主要测量数据列表比较如下: 从下表可以看出,在不同宿主体内寄生的黄鼬似泡翼线虫的虫体大小和主要器官的大小都有不同。宿主个体越大,该种线虫亦随之增大。 另外在形态特征上,此次采到的标本亦与原始描述稍有不同:①口内缘两侧小齿是5—6个,而模     

五种线虫头端顶面的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜观察了弗氏旷口线虫、似血矛线虫、辐射食道口线虫、粗纹食道口线虫、哥伦比亚食道口线虫的头端顶面。对弗氏旷口线虫和似血矛线虫口囊内齿或口矛的形态,三种食道口线虫的叶冠、化感器和感觉乳突进行了描述。     

Description of Dolichodorus grandaspicatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae)

Dolichodorus grandaspicatus n. sp., collected from soil about roots of a red maple (Acer rubrum L.) in a creek bottom near Ludwig. Johnson County, Arkansas, is described. It differs from two closely related species, D. marylandicus and D. heterocephalus, by the longer spike on the female tail, the lenght of the female tail, and the shape of the extrudable portion of the gubernaculum of the males. It further differs from D. marylandicus by having heavily sclerotized accessory pieces of the vuvla and from D. heterocephalus by having a shorter stylet.     

A new species of Dichelyne (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) parasitizing Pogonias cromis (Pisces: Sciaenidae) from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina

A new nematode species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) mariajuliae n. sp., is described based on specimens collected from the black drum, Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766), from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (37 degrees 32'S, 57 degrees 19'W) (prevalence 75%, mean intensity 3.75). Among Dichelyne (Cucullanellus), the new species is unique in having the papillae 2 situated at the level of ventral sucker in males and bearing subcuticular ornamentation in the female tail.     

Sexual dimorphism, female reproduction and egg incubation in the oriental leaf-toed gecko (Hemidactylus bowringii) from southern China

We studied sexual dimorphism, female reproduction and egg incubation of the oriental leaf-toed gecko (Hemidactylus bowringii) from a population in southern China. The largest male and female in our sample were 60 and 57 mm snout-vent length (SVL), respectively. Males are the larger sex; sexual dimorphism in head size and tail length (TL) is evident in juveniles and adults, with males having larger heads as well as longer tails than females. Oviposition occurred between late May and late July. Females switched from laying two eggs early in the breeding season to 1-2 eggs later in the season. Clutch mass and egg mass were both independent of female SVL, whereas relative clutch mass was negatively correlated with female SVL. The previous conclusion that female H. bowringii lay a single clutch of eggs per breeding season is unlikely to be true. Thermal environments experienced by H. bowringii eggs affect incubation length as well as morphological and locomotor phenotypes of hatchlings. Hatchlings from eggs incubated at 30 degrees C were larger (SVL, tail length and body mass) and performed better in the racetrack than their counterparts from eggs incubated at 24 degrees C. Temperatures suitable for embryonic development are relatively high in H. bowringii, primarily as a consequence of the adaptive response to warm environments in southern China.     

Raja koreana, a new species of skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajoidei) from Korea

A new rajid species,Raja koreana, is described from a single adult female specimen, 735 mm in total length, collected off the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula. AlthoughR. koreana is included in the group of species characterized by the scapulocoracoid lacking an anterior bridge and having the postventral fenestra expanded, it is unique among the latter in possessing: pectoral girdle propterygium not extending to snout tip; rostral shaft of neurocranium narrow and thick, unsegmented base with filamentous cartilage; snout fleshy; pores of ampullae of Lorenzini densely distributed over much of ventral surface to behind cloaca; most thorns on tail directed anteriorly; tail short; a pair of longitudinally elongated black blotches on middle of dorsal surface of disc when fresh; a pair of black blotches (grayish at center) posteriorly on pectoral fins; ventral surface of dise uniformly blackish-brown, except for areas around pores.     

Neosteinernema longicurvicauda n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a Parasite of the Termite Reticuldermes flavipes (Koller)

A nematode isolated from the termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Koller) was identified and described as a new genus and species, Neosteinernema longicurvicauda. Primary distinguishing characters, by contrast to members of the genus Steinernema, were females having prominent phasmids, a curved tail longer than the body width at the anus, a spiral shape in juvenile-bearing females, and juveniles becoming infective-stage juveniles before emerging from the female; males having prominent phasmids, a digitate tail tip, a characteristic shape of the spicules (foot-shaped with a hump on the dorsal side), and 13-14 pairs of genital papillae, with eight pairs preanal; and infective juveniles having prominent phasmids and a filiform curved tail as long as the esophagus. Adult nematodes are found outside the termite cadaver. Diagnosis of the family Steinernematidae was emended to accommodate the new species.     

Helicotylenchus stylocercus n. sp. and Rotylenchus phaliurus n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from Costa Rica

Two new species of plant-parasitic nematodes from Costa Rica are described. Helicotygenchus styloeercus n. sp., from soil around roots of banana at Coto, is distinguished hy the female tail, which bears a large pillarlike ventral projection. Rotylenchus phaliurus n. sp., from soil artmnd roots of Dioscoroea sp. at Sixaola, differs from R. caudaphasmidius in having the conus equal to or more than half the spear length, and large terminal annules on the female tail.     

Two new species of Longidoridae (Nematoda) from New Zealand forests

Xiphinema waimungui n. sp. from native forest in the North Island, New Zealand, is distinguished from many Xiphinema spp. by having two equal female genital branches, Z differentiation absent and tail short, convex-conoid. Females are 2.71–3.19 mm long, odontostyle 117–130 µm and odontophore 65–75 µm. Four juvenile stages are distinguished; tail shape does not vary markedly. Males were not found. Longidorus waikouaitii n. sp. from a native forest remnant in the South Island, New Zealand, has a rather posteriorly positioned guide-ring, large female body size (>6 mm), a bluntly conoid lip region which is continuous with the body contour and a bluntly rounded tail less than an anal body width long. No males and few juveniles were found. A dichotomous key is provided to the seven species of longidorids currently known from New Zealand.     

Neyraiella distinctus n. sp. (Oxyurida,Blattophilidae) parasite of nymphs of Gryllodes laplatae Sauss (Orthoptera,Gryllidae) in Argentina

Neyraiella distinctus n. sp. was found parasitizing nymphs of the cricket Gryllodes laplatae Sauss in City Bell, Argentina. This species was characterized by having the excretory pore in the posterior end of the basal bulb, vulva protruding with one lip well developed in the 1/3 end of the body, anus of the female with wings, male with a single spicule without any sculpture, gubernaculum and bursa are absent, six pairs of genital papillae arranged in two preanal pairs, one adanal pair and three postanal pairs, and the tail appendage in both sexes was short and conic.     

Dipetalonema (Acanthocheilonema) didelphis sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from opossums, with a redescription of D. (A.) pricei (Vaz and Pereira 1934)

Dipetalonema (Acanthocheilonema) didelphis sp. n. recovered from the subcutaneous and periesophageal connective tissues of Didelphis virginiana from several localities in the United States and of D. marsupialis from Colombia is described. Dipetalonema didelphis sp. n. resembles D reconditum and D. mansonbahri in size, in lacking a two-segmented buccal capsule, and in the female having a long, digitiform tail. Dipetalonema reconditum, however, has a much longer glandular esophagus and D. mansonbahri has a rounded cephalic extremity delimited by a necklike region. The male of D. didelphis sp. n. differs from both in the structural details of the spicules and in having a higher spicular ratio. The microfilaria is much shorter than that of either D. reconditum or D. mansonbahri. Dipetalonema (A.) pricei adults are redescribed from the paratype specimens, and the microfilaria is also described. Dipetalonema pricei most closely resembles D. dracunculoides in size and in the presence of a well-developed, two-segmented buccal capsule, but the latter species has a much longer glandular esophagus. These two species also differ in the appearance of the spicules.     

New species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 (Nemata: Rhabdochonidae) from Rainbow Trout in California Streams

Three new species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 are described and illustrated from Salmo gairdneri Richardson (rainbow trout) in freshwater streams in California: Rhabdochona californiemis n. sp., R. paxmani n. sp., and R. satmonis n. sp. Rhabdochona californiensis n. sp. is characterized by 14 anteriorly directed teeth in the prostome, egg devoid of filaments or floats, male and female tail terminus with a single mucro, left (long) spicule slender with a moderate distended podoid terminal end, spicular ratio 1:3.8. Rhabdochona paxmani n. sp. is characterized by 10 teeth in the prostome, eggs with polar floats, left (long) spicule slender with podoid terminus distended and having a minute subterminal spine; right spicule with prominent gorgeret (barb), spicular ratio 1:4.3, male and female tail terminus with a cuticular conical rounded short projection. Rhabdochona salmoni, n. sp. is characterized by 10 teeth anteriorly directed in the prostome, eggs with polar floats, left spicule slender with a distended podoid terminus; right spicule with a sharply indented gorgeret, spicular ratio 1:4.3, male and female tail terminus with a conical or rounded tip.