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1.
针对目前关于植物群落功能性状构建模式及其驱动因素存在的争议, 研究了33个物种10个功能性状的构建模式。研究结果显示: (1)在刈割-施肥复合梯度上, 这些功能性状主要表现为随机构建模式, 发生随机性和确定性构建的样方比例分别为82.7%和17.3%; (2)在10个功能性状中, 生长型、生活周期、单株地上干质量、叶面积和叶干质量5个功能性状为随机构建模式, 不受试验处理和群落特征(地上净初级生产力、刈割生物量损失、群落高度)变化的影响。植物倾斜度、繁殖方式、固氮性、株高和比叶面积5个功能性状的构建模式与试验处理或群落特征变化有关, 表现出趋同或趋异构建响应。其中, 植物倾斜度和比叶面积的构建模式仅受群落特征影响, 而固氮性、繁殖方式和株高3个性状的构建模式同时还受刈割或施肥处理的影响, 其构建模式因功能性状而异; (3)群落的生物量损失和地上净初级生产力是解释植物功能性状构建模式变化较理想的群落特征; (4)刈割和施肥处理对株高的构建模式具有相反效应, 而刈割和施肥的交互作用对其无显著影响。上述结果说明该研究群落植物功能性状的构建存在不同模式, 以随机构建模式为主, 确定性构建模式居次要地位。确定性构建模式与试验处理和群落特征变化有关, 而且是性状依赖的。相反选择力对趋同和趋异构建模式的平衡效应能引起功能性状发生随机构建。 相似文献
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群落构建机制研究是生态学研究的热点。长白山自然保护区拥有完整的原始阔叶红松林生态系统, 近年来随着物种多样性丧失愈发严重, 对该地区开展群落构建机制研究显得尤为重要。该研究以长白山不同演替阶段的3块5.2 hm 2固定监测样地(次生杨桦林、次生针阔混交林、原始椴树红松林)为研究对象, 通过采集样地内主要树种的6个关键功能性状(叶面积、比叶面积、叶片厚度、叶氮含量、叶磷含量、最大树高), 分析不同空间尺度下(5 m × 5 m, 10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, 30 m × 30 m, 40 m × 40 m, 50 m × 50 m和60 m × 60 m)及不同演替阶段群落性状空间值的变化, 结合零模型的模拟结果对长白山温带森林演替过程中的群落构建机制进行讨论。结果表明: 种库大小对于研究结果具有重要影响。在较大的种库下, 环境过滤作用影响显著。而在样地水平进行研究时, 演替早期和中期, 群落性状空间值与零模型模拟值无显著差异, 在演替的晚期, 群落性状空间值显著高于零模型模拟值。结合多个群落功能多样性指数分析发现, 环境过滤和竞争作用共同决定该地区顶级群落的物种组成。在演替早期大量物种迁入, 群落内物种间存在强烈的资源竞争, 而随着演替进行, 部分物种逐渐被竞争排除出群落, 群落中的物种呈现明显的生态位分化, 竞争作用是维持物种共存的主要机制。 相似文献
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R. Peña;J. R. Obeso;P. Laiolo; 《Journal of Biogeography》2024,51(7):1230-1243
Climate warming is shifting the bioclimatic optima of species towards mountaintops, but the ability of organisms to track these changes also depends on their dispersal skills. Here, we assessed the role of dispersal over niche-driven processes in connecting assemblages along mountain slopes and between mountain massifs. 相似文献
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群落构建机制是生态学的中心议题之一。对山地植被beta多样性格局及其成因的探究有助于加深对此问题的认识。以芦芽山寒温性针叶林群落冠层下植被为研究对象,结合野外调查与室内实验获取的详细数据,运用Mantel检验、普通最小二乘回归和典范对应分析(CCA)等统计方法,探讨了林下植被的beta多样性格局及其成因,结果显示:(1)沿海拔梯度相邻群落间草本层物种周转率呈现递减格局,而灌木层变化规律不明显;(2)灌、草层beta多样性与海拔差异、地理距离呈显著正相关关系,而与局地环境异质性关系不显著。控制海拔作用后发现,灌、草层beta多样性与地理距离关系依然显著,而当消除地理距离的线性影响后,beta多样性与海拔关系也变得不显著(3)CCA模型中,环境因子共解释了物种组成变异的74.4%,其中,海拔、坡度、凋落物厚度、乔木密度与总干面积对林下灌、草植被物种组成具有显著影响,但土壤因子的作用未见显著。综上,生境筛滤与扩散限制共同主导了芦芽山寒温性针叶林冠层下群落构建过程,但扩散限制的影响强于生境筛滤作用。 相似文献
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森林群落的构建过程及其内在机制是生态学研究的热点问题。植物功能性状是指能够代表植物的生活史策略,反映植物对环境变化响应的一系列植物属性。通过植物功能性状的分布格局及其对环境因素的响应有助于推测群落的构建过程及其内在作用机制。以吉林蛟河21.12hm2温带针阔混交林样地为研究对象,采集并测量了样地内34种木本植物的6种不同的功能性状。以20m×20m的样方为研究单元,通过计算平均成对性状距离指数（mean pairwise trait distance;PW）和平均最近邻体性状距离指数（mean nearest neighbor trait distance;NN）来探讨群落中单个性状和综合性状的分布格局。同时结合地形因子采用回归分析探讨功能性状的分布格局对局域生境变化的响应。基于PW的结果显示：单个性状中除叶面积外,其余性状的分布格局均为聚集分布多于离散分布;基于NN的结果显示：除叶面积和最大树高外,其余性状的分布格局为聚集分布多于离散分布。此外,由6种单个性状组成的综合性状的分布格局同样为聚集分布多于离散分布。基于回归分析的结果显示：森林群落中功能性状的分布格局受到海拔、坡度和坡向等因素的显著影响,而凹凸度的影响则不显著。研究结果表明包括环境过滤和生物相互作用的非随机过程能够影响温带针阔混交林的群落构建过程,中性过程对该区域群落构建过程的影响不显著。 相似文献
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云南喀斯特区域是滇桂黔岩溶石漠化重点治理区之一,探讨气候暖湿化下植物群落演替阶段的构建特征是生态恢复和森林管理可持续的关键。以气候暖湿化为背景,将喀斯特天坑作为天然“开顶式气室”,天坑南坡地下森林为群落演替顶极。联合系统发育和功能性状探讨演替序列(坑外针阔混交林,坑外常绿阔叶林,坑内常绿阔叶林)的群落构建机制。结果发现：(1)演替前期植物性状的系统发育信号较弱,叶长宽比、叶面积、叶厚度和比叶面积的系统发育信号显著,但功能性状的保守性较弱;演替后期植物性状转为趋同进化,系统发育信号均不显著。(2)演替阶段植物群落的系统发育多样性逐渐降低,并与物种丰富度显著正相关。(3)系统发育指数NRI(净亲缘指数)和NTI(最近种间亲缘指数)由小于0转为大于0,功能性状结构指数TraitSESMPD(标准化平均配对性状距离指数)和TraitSESMNTD(标准化平均最近相邻性状距离指数)均大于0。演替阶段的群落构建过程由生境过滤和物种间相互作用所主导。(4)系统发育和功能性状结构指数主要与土壤含水量、全磷和速效钾含量显著负相关。演替阶段下土壤水分和养分受限时群落趋于聚集,群落构建过程支持生态位假说。研... 相似文献
7.
The response of communities to environmental change is expected to vary among feeding guilds. To evaluate the response of guilds to environmental factors without considering the taxonomic specificities, it is useful to examine Aculeata bees and wasps, which consist of closely related taxa including different guilds, pollinators, predators, and parasitoids. In this study, we evaluated changes in species diversity (SD) and functional traits of each feeding guild along an elevational gradient in a boreal forest in northern Japan. We used yellow pan traps to collect Aculeata bees and wasps at 200–1600 m above sea level. We investigated six functional traits (trophic level, seasonal duration, body size, elevational range, nesting position, and soil dependency) and the horizontal distribution of the species. The SD of all Aculeata, predators, and parasitoids decreased with an increase in elevation; however, the SD of pollinators did not show any specific trend. Although the functional trait composition of all Aculeata species did not show any trend, that of each feeding guild responded to elevation in different ways. Pollinators increased in body size and showed a decrease in seasonal duration with increasing elevation, suggesting that tolerance and seasonal escape from physical stress at high elevations are important for shaping pollinator communities. Predators increased their elevational range and the proportion of above‐ground nesting species increased with increasing elevation, suggesting that the ability to live in a wider range of environments and avoid unsuitable soil environments at high elevations might be important. Parasitoids changed their hosts and displayed variable traits with increasing elevation, suggesting that brood parasitoids have difficulty in surviving at high elevation. The traits for each guild responded in different ways, even if they were dominated by the same environmental factors. Our findings imply that differences in the responses of functional traits would produce different community assembly patterns in different guilds during further climate change. 相似文献
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Cheng Zheng;Haijing Shi;Jiaqi Wei;Mengying Cui;Ziqi Lin;Yuan Gao;Liuhuan Yuan;Zhongming Wen; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(7):e11644
How communities of living organisms assemble has long been a central question in ecology. The impact of habitat filtering and limiting similarity on plant community structures is well known, as both processes are influenced by individual responses to environmental fluctuations. Yet, the precise identifications and quantifications of the potential abiotic and biotic factors that shape community structures at a fine scale remains a challenge. Here, we applied null model approaches to assess the importance of habitat filtering and limiting similarity at two spatial scales. We used 63 natural vegetation plots, each measuring 5 × 5 m, with three nested subplots measuring 1 × 1 m, from the 2021 field survey, to examine the alpha diversity as well as beta diversity of plots and subplots. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to determine the impact of environmental variables on assembly rules. Our results demonstrate that habitat filtering is the dominant assembly rules at both the plot and subplot levels, although limiting similarity assumes stronger at the subplot level. Plot-level limiting similarity exhibited a positive association with fine-scale partitioning, suggesting that trait divergence originated from a combination of limiting similarity and spatial partitioning. Our findings also reveal that the community assembly varies more strongly with the mean annual temperature gradient than the mean annual precipitation. This investigation provides a pertinent illustration of non-random assembly rules from spatial scale and environmental factors in plant communities in the loess hilly region. It underscores the critical influence of spatial and environmental constraints in understanding the assembly of plant communities. 相似文献
9.
生物多样性的形成和维持机制,即群落构建机制,一直以来都是群落生态学研究的核心问题。植物群落构建的确定性过程主要是生态过滤机制(包括环境过滤和生物过滤,其中生物过滤包括种间竞争和种内功能性状变异)作用的结果。学者们构建了大量的理论、方法、模型来解释和验证生态过滤机制对群落构建的影响,并取得了显著的成果。然而,关于生态过滤机制在不同尺度的作用、生态过滤机制的各要素分解和量化等方面的研究仍有诸多疑问。重点综述了环境过滤、种间竞争和种内功能性状变异的最新研究进展,并指出了现有研究的不足之处。在未来的研究中,应注重生态过滤机制的各要素分解和量化,加强研究手段的综合运用,关注时空动态变化对植物群落构建的影响,重视对不同植物群落构建机制的共性和个性特征的认识,同时强调与其他生态过程、群落构建机制的整合。通过这些尝试,有助于人们更好的理解植物群落构建过程中的生态过滤机制的作用。 相似文献
10.
Clydecia M. Spitzer;Maja K. Sundqvist;David A. Wardle;Michael J. Gundale;Paul Kardol; 《Oikos》2023,2023(1):e08903
Elevational gradients are useful for predicting how plant communities respond to global warming, because communities at lower elevations experience warmer temperatures. Fine root traits and root trait variation could play an important role in determining plant community responses to warming in cold-climate ecosystems where a large proportion of plant biomass is allocated belowground. Here, we investigated the effects of elevation-associated temperature change on twelve chemical and morphological fine root traits of plant species and plant communities in a Swedish subarctic tundra. We also assessed the relative contributions of plant species turnover and intraspecific variation to the total amount of community-level root trait variation explained by elevation. Several root traits, both at the species and whole community levels, had significant linear or quadratic relationships with elevation, but the direction and strength of these relationships varied among traits and plant species. Further, we found no support for a unidirectional change from more acquisitive root trait values at the lower elevations towards trait values associated with greater nutrient conservation at the higher elevations, either at the species or community level. On the other hand, root trait coefficients of variation at the community level increased with elevation for several root traits. Further, for a large proportion of the community-level traits we found that intraspecific variation was relatively more important than species turnover, meaning that trait plasticity is important for driving community-level trait responses to environmental factors in this tundra system. Our findings indicate that with progressing global warming, intraspecific trait variation may drive plant community composition but this may not necessarily lead to shifts in root resource–acquisition strategy for all species. 相似文献
11.
Shuai Fang Marc William Cadotte Zuoqiang Yuan Fei Lin Ji Ye Zhanqing Hao Xugao Wang 《Journal of Plant Ecology》2019,12(4):593
AimsIntraspecific trait variation (ITV) has been increasingly recognized to play an important role in understanding the underlying processes influencing community assembly. However, gaps remain in our understanding of how incorporating ITV will influence the relative importance of deterministic (e.g. habitat filtering, limiting similarity) and stochastic processes in driving community assembly at different successional stages. 相似文献
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Integrating multiple facets of biodiversity to describe spatial and temporal distribution patterns is one way of revealing the mechanisms driving community assembly. We assessed the species, functional, and phylogenetic composition and structure of passerine bird communities along an elevational gradient both in wintering and breeding seasons in the Ailao Mountains, southwest China, in order to identify the dominant ecological processes structuring the communities and how these processes change with elevation and season. Our research confirms that the highest taxonomic diversity, and distinct community composition, was found in the moist evergreen broadleaf forest at high elevation in both seasons. Environmental filtering was the dominant force at high elevations with relatively cold and wet climatic conditions, while the observed value of mean pairwise functional and phylogenetic distances of low elevation was constantly higher than expectation in two seasons, suggested interspecific competition could play the key role at low elevations, perhaps because of relative rich resource result from complex vegetation structure and human‐induced disturbance. Across all elevations, there was a trend of decreasing intensity of environmental filtering whereas increasing interspecific competition from wintering season to breeding season. This was likely due to the increased resource availability but reproduction‐associated competition in the summer months. In general, there is a clear justification for conservation efforts to protect entire elevational gradients in the Ailao Mountains, given the distinct taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic compositions and also elevational migration pattern in passerine bird communities. 相似文献
14.
Testing how local environmental conditions influence plant community assembly is important to understand the underlying mechanisms that promote and/or maintain biodiversity. Functional traits are used to find the broad spectrum of resource use strategies that plants use to respond to environmental variation. The patterns and drivers of plant community assembly through the lens of traits and phylogeny; however, remain to be studied in a uniquely biodiversity rich but poorly known fragmented dry Afromontane forest of Ethiopia. Here, we combined trait and community phylogenetic data from thirty sampling plots of 20 × 20 m size to determine the functional and phylogenetic structures and their drivers in a fragmented, human-dominated dry evergreen Afromontane forest. We found phylogenetic and functional clustering of plants in which the effect of environment was found to be trait specific. A weak phylogenetic signal for traits was detected suggesting that species resource use strategies may not be inferred using species phylogenetic distance. Additionally, we found functional traits to be weak in predicting species abundance distribution. Overall, while this study shows a non-random community assembly pattern, it also highlights the importance of deterministic processes being trait specific. 相似文献
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Jonas Kuppler Ccile H. Albert Gregory M. Ames William Scott Armbruster Gerhard Boenisch Florian C. Boucher Diane R. Campbell Liedson T. Carneiro Eduardo Chacn‐Madrigal Brian J. Enquist Carlos R. Fonseca Jos M. Gmez Antoine Guisan Pedro Higuchi Dirk N. Karger Jens Kattge Michael Kleyer Nathan J. B. Kraft Anne‐Amlie C. Larue‐Konti&#x; Amparo Lzaro Martin Lechleitner Deirdre Loughnan Vanessa Minden Ülo Niinemets Gerhard E. Overbeck Amy L. Parachnowitsch Francisco Perfectti Valrio D. Pillar David Schellenberger Costa Nina Sletvold Martina Stang Isabel Alves‐dos‐Santos Helena Streit Justin Wright Marcin Zych Robert R. Junker 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2020,29(6):992-1007
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研究群落水平上的植物功能性状特征及功能多样性随坡向的变化规律,对认识不同坡向上的植物群落形成过程具有重要意义。以黄土高原不同坡向上的自然草地群落为研究对象,比较研究了植物功能性状(株高和比叶面积)和功能多样性测度指标(功能丰富度、功能均匀度和功能离散度)随坡向的变化规律。研究结果显示:(1)阴坡的株高和比叶面积显著高于其他坡向;(2)一元性状的功能丰富度在不同坡向间均无显著差异;阴坡和半阴坡的多元性状功能丰富度显著高于阳坡;(3)阴坡的株高功能均匀度显著高于半阳坡,而比叶面积功能均匀度在各坡向的差异并不显著;多元性状功能均匀度在不同坡向差异显著,阴坡最高,半阳坡最低;(4)阴坡和半阴坡的株高功能离散度显著高于阳坡和半阳坡,而半阴坡的比叶面积功能离散度显著高于阳坡;半阴坡的多元性状功能离散度Rao指数显著高于阳坡。研究结果暗示了,在阴坡和半阴坡上,植物对群落内的生态位空间和资源利用更充分,种间竞争强度较低,不同物种之间生态位高度分化;而在阳坡和半阳坡上,由于水分等条件的限制植物可占据的生态位空间有限,导致其对占据的生态位空间使用不足,物种间资源竞争较强烈。在群落水平上,研究地区的植物功能性状及功能多样性随坡向的规律性变化,反映了黄土高原植被群落构建过程中坡向因子对功能性状的筛选效应。该研究结果对该区的植被恢复重建的物种选择及植被布局规划具有重要实践意义。 相似文献
18.
Gianluigi Ottaviani James L. Tsakalos Gunnar Keppel Ladislav Mucina 《Ecology and evolution》2018,8(1):435-440
Complex processes related to biotic and abiotic forces can impose limitations to assembly and composition of plant communities. Quantifying the effects of these constraints on plant functional traits across environmental gradients, and among communities, remains challenging. We define ecological constraint (Ci) as the combined, limiting effect of biotic interactions and environmental filtering on trait expression (i.e., the mean value and range of functional traits). Here, we propose a set of novel parameters to quantify this constraint by extending the trait‐gradient analysis (TGA) methodology. The key parameter is ecological constraint, which is dimensionless and can be measured at various scales, for example, on population and community levels. It facilitates comparing the effects of ecological constraints on trait expressions across environmental gradients, as well as within and among communities. We illustrate the implementation of the proposed parameters using the bark thickness of 14 woody species along an aridity gradient on granite outcrops in southwestern Australia. We found a positive correlation between increasing environmental stress and strength of ecological constraint on bark thickness expression. Also, plants from more stressful habitats (shrublands on shallow soils and in sun‐exposed locations) displayed higher ecological constraint for bark thickness than plants in more benign habitats (woodlands on deep soils and in sheltered locations). The relative ease of calculation and dimensionless nature of Ci allow it to be readily implemented at various scales and make it widely applicable. It therefore has the potential to advance the mechanistic understanding of the ecological processes shaping trait expression. Some future applications of the new parameters could be investigating the patterns of ecological constraints (1) among communities from different regions, (2) on different traits across similar environmental gradients, and (3) for the same trait across different gradient types. 相似文献
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Xiaolong Zhou Youshi Wang Pengfei Zhang Zhi Guo Chengjin Chu Guozhen Du 《Journal of Plant Ecology》2016,9(2):144
Aims Comparisons of the trait–abundance relationships from various habitat types are critical for community ecology, which can offer us insights about the mechanisms underlying the local community assembly, such as the relative role of neutral vs. niche processes in shaping community structure. Here, we explored the responses of trait–abundance relationships to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization in an alpine meadow.Methods Five fertilization treatments (an unfertilized control and additions of N, P, K and NPK respectively) were implemented using randomized block design in an alpine Tibetan meadow. Species relative abundance (SRA), plant above-ground biomass and species richness were measured in each plot. For 24 common species, we measured species functional traits: saturated height, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) in each treatment but seed size only in the unfertilized control. Standard major axis (SMA) regression and phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs) analysis were used to analyse species trait–abundance relationships in response to different fertilization treatments.Important findings Positive correlations between SRA and saturated height were raised following N, P and NPK fertilizations, which indicated an increase in light competition in these plots. In P fertilized plots, SRA was also positively correlated with LDMC because tall grasses with a nutrients conservation strategy often have a relative competitive advantage in capturing limited light and soil nutrients. In K fertilized plots, neither the trait–abundance relationships nor above-ground biomass or species richness significantly differed from that in the control, which suggests that K was not a limiting resource in our study site. These significant correlations between species traits and relative abundance in fertilized treatment suggest that trait-based selection plays an important role in determining species abundance within local communities in alpine meadows. 相似文献
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《Plant Ecology & Diversity》2013,6(4):283-292
Background: Treeline ecotones represent environmental boundaries that fluctuate in space and time and thus induce changes in plant taxonomic and functional diversity.Aims: To study changes through time in taxonomic and functional plant diversity patterns along the treeline ecotone.Methods: In 2002, vegetation was sampled along a gradient from upper montane forest to the treeline–alpine transition in the South Ural Mountains, Russia. In 2014, vegetation was resampled and plant functional traits were collected. We studied spatial and temporal changes in plant species composition, functional composition and functional diversity.Results: Species composition and diversity changed along the elevational gradient. The functional composition in height, leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content decreased with elevation, whereas functional composition of leaf carbon content increased. We found a temporal shift towards shorter plants with smaller leaves in treeline sites. Functional richness varied in several traits along the elevational gradient, while functional dispersion showed a trend towards increased functional dispersion in height, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen in the treeline–tundra transition.Conclusions: Tree encroachment across the treeline ecotone has resulted in a shift in plant species relative abundances and functional diversity, possibly affecting plant community assembly patterns. 相似文献