First evidence of ethylene production by Fusarium mangiferae associated with mango malformation

Malformation is arguably the most crucial disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) at present. It is receiving great attention not only because of its widespread and destructive nature but also because of its etiology and control is not absolutely understood. Recently, Fusarium mangiferae is found to be associated with mango malformation disease. There are indications that stress ethylene production could be involved in the disease. Here we have shown the first direct evidence of production of ethylene in pure culture of F. mangiferae obtained from mango. The study also revealed that all the isolates dissected from mango acquire morphological features of F. mangiferae showing most similarity to the features of species with accepted standard features. The isolates of F. mangiferae from mango were observed to produce ethylene in significant amounts, ranging from 9.28–13.66 n mol/g dry wt/day. The findings presented here suggest that F. mangiferae could contribute to the malformation of mango by producing ethylene and probably stimulating stress ethylene production in malformed tissue of mango. Ethylene might be produced through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase-type ethylene-forming-enzyme (EFE) pathway in Fusarium sp, which needs to be investigated.     

New species of Leaf-beetles (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae) from China: XI

New species of the subfamilies Megalopodinae (Temnaspis humerosa sp. n.), Chrysomelinae [Chrysolina furialis sp. n., Ch. oxanae sp. n., Ch. pingchuana sp. n., Oreomelina (Oreomelina) obtusa sp. n., O. (Oreomelina) splendens sp. n. from Sichuan], and Galerucinae (Liroëtis obliquevirgata sp. n. from Sichuan, Hyphaenia lutescens sp. n. from Chongqing, H. potanini sp. n. from Sichuan, and H. kabaki sp. n. from Shaangxi) are described.     

Species of criconematids (Nematoda: Criconematina) from Haryana,India

Ten known, viz. Criconema (Nothocriconemella) mutabile (Taylor, 1936) Raski & Luc, 1985, Neolobocriconema aberrans (Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1963) Andrássy, 1979, Macroposthonia sphaerocephala (Taylor, 1936) De Grisse & Loof, 1965, Nothocriconemoides basili (Jairajpuri, 1963) Loof & De Grisse, 1974, Hemicriconemoides cocophillus Loos, 1949, H. litchi Edward & Misra, 1963, H. mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961, Aulosphora indica (Siddiqi, 1961) Siddiqi, 1980, Paratylenchus obtusicaudatus Raski, 1975, and Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913, plus three new species of criconematids are recorded from Haryana state, India. Larvae of N. aberrans and N. basili are described for the first time. The main distinguishing features of the new species are as follows. M. paronostris n. sp.: R=117–128, R V=7–9, spear=55–62 μm, submedian lobes present, larvae with smooth annules; Criconemoides punicus n. sp.: R=75–85, R V=5–7, spear=73–81 μm, larvae with crenate annules: Hemicycliophora siddiqii n. sp.: R=185–198, R V=33–42, spear=57–59 μm, one incisure plus longitudinal lines on the cuticle. ac]19860702     

A review of the chrysomelid genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyperaxis</Emphasis> Gemm. et Har., 1874 (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) from Vietnam

A review of species of the genus Hyperaxis Gemminger et Harold from Vietnam is given. Five new species (H. dentifemur sp. n., H. longipilosa sp. n., H. sonlanga sp. n., H. phanrangi sp. n. and H. buonloica sp. n.) and a new subspecies (H. buonloica darlaki subsp. n.) are described. A key to all the 11 species of the Vietnamese fauna is given. The genitalia are figured for all species. Lectotype is designated for Hyperaxis pallidipes Pic.     

Review of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae in the Oriental realm (Diplopoda,Polydesmida), with descriptions of new genera and species

In the Oriental Region, the large, basically Northern Hemisphere family Trichopolydesmidae is shown to currently comprise 18 genera and 43 species. Based mainly on gonopod structure, all of them, as well as the whole family, are (re)diagnosed, including five new genera and seven new species. These new taxa are keyed, also being the first to be described from Indochina in general and from Vietnam in particular: Aporodesmella gen. n., with three species: A. securiformis sp. n. (the type species), A. similis sp. n. and A. tergalis sp. n., as well as the following four monotypic genera: Deharvengius gen. n., with D. bedosae sp. n., Gonatodesmus gen. n., with G. communicans sp. n., Helicodesmus gen. n., with H. anichkini sp. n., and Monstrodesmus gen. n., with M. flagellifer sp. n. In addition, Cocacolaria hauseri Hoffman, 1987, hitherto known only from New Ireland Island, Papua New Guinea, is redescribed based on material from Vanuatu whence it is recorded for the first time. One of the new genera, Gonatodesmus gen. n., provides a kind of transition or evolutionary bridge between Trichopolydesmidae and Opisotretidae, thus reinforcing the assignment of these two families to the single superfamily Trichopolydesmoidea.     

A revision of the genus Arenivaga (Rehn) (Blattodea,Corydiidae), with descriptions of new species and key to the males of the genus

The cockroach genus Arenivaga is revised. Forty-eight Arenivaga species are recognized with nine previously known species and 39 described as new including the following: A. pagana sp. n., A. grandiscanyonensis sp. n., A. haringtoni sp. n., A. hopkinsorum sp. n., A. umbratilis sp. n., A. tenax sp. n., A. impensa sp. n., A. trypheros sp. n., A. darwini sp. n., A. nalepae sp. n., A. sequoia sp. n., A. mckittrickae sp. n., A. gaiophanes sp. n., A. belli sp. n., A. estelleae sp. n., A. delicata sp. n., A. mortisvallisensis sp. n., A. milleri sp. n., A. pratchetti sp. n., A. gumperzae sp. n., A. rothi sp. n., A. ricei sp. n., A. adamsi sp. n., A. nicklei sp. n., A. akanthikos sp. n., A. moctezuma sp. n., A. paradoxa sp. n., A. apaeninsula sp. n., A. hebardi sp. n., A. dnopheros sp. n., A. aquila sp. n., A. florilega sp. n., A. galeana sp. n., A. gurneyi sp. n., A. pumila sp. n., A. hypogaios sp. n., A. diaphana sp. n., A. nocturna sp. n., A. alichenas sp. n. All species are described or redescribed, major morphological features are illustrated, distributions are characterized, and the biology of the species is reviewed. A neotype series is designated for A. investigata Friauf & Edney.     

Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera,Platygastridae s.l.), part II: the?Australian and southwest Pacific fauna

The Australasian and southwest Pacific species of Oxyscelio (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.) are revised. A total of 80 species are recognized as valid, 13 of which are redescribed: O. atricoxa (Dodd), O. concoloripes (Dodd), O. flavipes (Kieffer), O. grandis (Dodd), O. hyalinipennis (Dodd), O. magniclava (Dodd), O. mirellus (Dodd), O. montanus (Dodd), O. nigriclava (Dodd), O. nigricoxa (Dodd), O. rugulosus (Dodd), O. shakespearei (Girault), and O. solitarius (Dodd). Oxyscelio glabriscutellum (Dodd) syn. n. is placed as a subjective junior synonym of O. rugulosus. Sixty-seven new species are described, many representing new distributional records for the genus - O. aciculae Burks, sp. n., O. anfractus Burks, sp. n., O. bellariorum Burks, sp. n., O. bicoloripedis Burks, sp. n., O. brevitas Burks, sp. n., O. catenae Burks, sp. n., O. caudarum Burks, sp. n., O. circulorum Burks, sp. n., O. clivi Burks, sp. n., O. clupei Burks, sp. n., O. conjuncti Burks, sp. n., O. contusionis Burks, sp. n., O. corrugationis Burks, sp. n., O. croci Burks, sp. n., O. cuspidis Burks, sp. n., O. densitatis Burks, sp. n., O. dissimulationis Burks, sp. n., O. divisionis Burks, sp. n., O. exiguitatis Burks, sp. n., O. fluctuum Burks, sp. n., O. foliorum Burks, sp. n., O. funis Burks, sp. n., O. gressus Burks, sp. n., O. hamorum Burks, sp. n., O. incisurae Burks, sp. n., O. lenitatis Burks, sp. n., O. leviventris Burks, sp. n., O. limbi Burks, sp. n., O. liminis Burks, sp. n., O. linguae Burks, sp. n., O. lintris Burks, sp. n., O. livens Burks, sp. n., O. mystacis Burks, sp. n., O. nasi Burks, sp. n., O. nitoris Burks, sp. n., O. obliquiatis Burks, sp. n., O. oblongiclypei Burks, sp. n., O. obturationis Burks, sp. n., O. oculi Burks, sp. n., O. palati Burks, sp. n., O. pectinis Burks, sp. n., O. pollicis Burks, sp. n., O. proceritatis Burks, sp. n., O. productionis Burks, sp. n., O. radii Burks, sp. n., O. rami Burks, sp. n., O. rupturae Burks, sp. n., O. sarcinae Burks, sp. n., O. scismatis Burks, sp. n., O. sciuri Burks, sp. n., O. scutorum Burks, sp. n., O. sepisessor Burks, sp. n., O. sinuationis Burks, sp. n., O. sordes Burks, sp. n., O. spatula Burks, sp. n., O. stipulae Burks, sp. n., O. stringerae Burks, sp. n., O. tenuitatis Burks, sp. n., O. truncationis Burks, sp. n., O. tubi Burks, sp. n., O. umbonis Burks, sp. n., O. uncinorum Burks, sp. n., O. valdecatenae Burks, sp. n., O. velamenti Burks, sp. n., O. verrucae Burks, sp. n., O. viator Burks, sp. n., and O. wa Burks, sp. n. The fauna is divided into nine diagnostic species groups, with five species unplaced to group.     

New species of the Lithobiid genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hessebius</Emphasis> Verhoeff, 1941 (Lithobiomorpha,Lithobiidae) from Eastern Kazakhstan

Two new species, Hessebius golovatchi Farzalieva, sp. n. and Hessebius zalesskajae Farzalieva, sp. n., are described based on material from the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains, Eastern Kazakhstan. The female of H. golovatchi sp. n. differs from all the previously known species of the genus in the presence of 3 + 3 spurs on the gonopod, while H. zalesskajae sp. n. is similar to H. perelae Zalesskaja, 1978 but differs in some structural details of the male and female gonopods.     

Palaearctic species of the ichneumon-fly genus Campodorus Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): III. Species with long-haired ovipositor sheath, species with entirely rufous hind tibia, and species with white-banded tibiae

A complex of about 40 Palaearctic species of the genus Campodorus with long haired ovipositor sheath and with entirely rufous or white-banded hind tibia is considered and keyed. Twenty-one new species are described. The species with the pale rufous hind tibia have black hind coxa and trochanters, most of them also have rather long genae and scabrous mesopleura. The majority of these species are distributed in subarctic Siberia: C. yakutator sp. n., C. minutor sp. n., C. arctor sp. n., C. atripes sp. n., C. pequenitor sp. n., C. mordax sp. n., C. lucidator sp. n., C. subarctor sp. n., C. nikandrovskii sp. n., and C. genator sp. n. C. suomi sp. n. is described from northern Finland, C. labytnangi sp. n., from Kola Peninsula, the Polar Ural, and Transbaikalia, and only C. gallicator sp. n., from France (? Alps). The species with a white band on the hind tibia are mostly boreal; most of them have red coxae and trochanters (except for C. sakhalinator sp. n. and C. taigator sp. n.), rather short genae, and granulate mesopleura. In this group, eight new species are described: C. atrofemorator sp. n., C. barbator sp. n., C. sakhalinator sp. n. (all from the southern part of the Russian Far East), C. taigator sp. n. (southern Siberian), C. ciliator sp. n., C. melanopygus sp. n., C. marginator sp. n., and C. boreator sp. n. (European-Siberian).     

New species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from China: VI

Smaragdina schereri sp. n., Chrysolina jiangi sp. n., Ch. geae sp. n., Ch. gansuica sp. n., Sclerophaedon daccordii sp. n., Neophaedon sichuanicus sp. n., Oreomela inflata sp. n., Xingeina nigrolucens sp. n., Shaira hemipteroides sp. n. and Calomicrus atroviridis sp. n. from Sichuan, Gansu, and Yunnan provinces of China are described. Types of the new species are deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.     

Review of the western palaearctic Ichneumon-flies of the genus Rhorus Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae). II. The species of the punctus,longicornis, chrysopygus,and substitutor groups,the species with the black metasoma and some others

The Western Palaearctic species of Rhorus with the black metasoma and all the species of 4 speciesgroups (the punctus, longicornis, chrysopygus, and substitutor) are revised. Fourteen new species from the Western Palaearctic Region (mainly from Europe) are described: Rh. arkhyz sp. n., Rh. avacha sp. n., Rh. boreator sp. n., Rh. brevigena sp. n., Rh. gauldi sp. n., Rh. humalai sp. n., Rh. jussilai sp. n., Rh. laricis sp. n., Rh. olenek sp. n., Rh. pristiphorae sp. n., Rh. romani sp. n., Rh. suecicus sp. n., Rh. ucrainicus sp. n., and Rh. xanthopygus sp. n. A key to 40 species is given.     

Ten new species of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Baltic amber

Ten new species of caddisflies of the families Polycentropodidae (nine) and Molannidae (one) are described from the Eocene Baltic amber: Holocentropus peregrinator sp. nov., H. proximorepertus sp. nov., H. dugoi sp. nov., H. fundamentalis sp. nov., H. telergon sp. nov., Plectrocnemia varigoria sp. nov., P. synthesia sp. nov., P. novokshonovi sp. nov., Nyctiophylax valideturbidus sp. nov., and Molanna okraina sp. nov.     

A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species

Twelve species are considered within the Afrotropical genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937, and ten of them are described as new ones: S. eborea sp. n.,S. livingstonei sp. n., S. marina sp. n., S. tanja sp. n., S. ocellaris sp. n., S. cruisa sp. n., S. bartschi sp. n., S. oris sp. n., S. tatooifera sp. n., and S. neo sp. n. The species S. albidiscalis (Hampson, 1910) is raised from synonymy with S. venata (Aurivillius, 1895) and considered as a separate species.     

Introduction of the Exocelina ekari-group with descriptions of 22 new species from New Guinea (Coleoptera,Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)

The Exocelina ekari-group is here introduced and defined mainly on the basis of a discontinuous outline of the median lobe of the aedeagus. The group is known only from New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea). It contained four species to date: Exocelina astrophallus (Balke, 1998), Exocelina atowaso (Shaverdo, Sagata & Balke, 2005), Exocelina munaso (Shaverdo, Sagata & Balke, 2005), and Exocelina polita (Sharp, 1882). Twenty two new species are described herein: Exocelina alexanderi sp. n., Exocelina anggiensis sp. n., Exocelina arfakensis sp. n., Exocelina bifida sp. n., Exocelina brahminensis sp. n., Exocelina bundiensis sp. n., Exocelina edeltraudae sp. n., Exocelina ekari sp. n., Exocelina eme sp. n., Exocelina evelyncheesmanae sp. n., Exocelina hansferyi sp. n., Exocelina irianensis sp. n., Exocelina kakapupu sp. n., Exocelina knoepfchen sp. n., Exocelina oceai sp. n., Exocelina pseudosoppi sp. n., Exocelina soppi sp. n., Exocelina unipo sp. n., Exocelina utowaensis sp. n., Exocelina waigeoensis sp. n., Exocelina weylandensis sp. n., and Exocelina wondiwoiensis sp. n. The lectotype of Copelatus politus Sharp, 1882 is designated. A checklist and identification key to all species of the group are provided and important diagnostic characters (habitus, color, male antennae and protarsomeres 4–5, median lobes and parameres) are illustrated. Data on the distribution and habitat requirements are given. Representatives of the Exocelina ekari-group are so far mostly known from lowland to lower montane habitats of the northern and central parts of New Guinea, the group is less diverse in higher altitudes.     

A new species of Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitizing mango leaf gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), from India

A new species of Aprostocetus doonensis Singh sp. nov. is described from northern India. The new species is a parasitoid of mango leaf gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Some observations on biology and parasitization rate are also given.