藏鸡诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因低氧适应功能分析

低氧刺激诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible nitric-oxide synthase, iNOS)催化产生NO, 增加血流, 改善组织供氧。文章采用测序和PCR-RFLP技术检测藏鸡及低地鸡iNOS基因编码区、5′侧翼区(2.0 kb片段)序列和3′侧翼序列SNP, 并测定低氧和常氧孵化时鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜组织iNOS基因表达量和酶活力。结果在iNOS基因 5′侧翼区发现一个与低氧适应相关的藏鸡高频率突变SNP位点(-870C→T), 藏鸡该突变的等位基因T频率高于低地鸡种。藏鸡iNOS基因表达量和酶活力在低氧孵化环境中多高于矮小鸡。结果表明藏鸡群体iNOS基因的突变及其低氧表达量的增加是其适应低氧环境的重要基础。     

鸡缺氧诱导因子-1[[alpha]]基因的差异表达与低氧适应性

低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)是在低氧的癌细胞中发现的一种转录激活因子, 在生物体氧平衡调节中起关键作用。藏鸡是对高原低氧、低温环境有着极强适应能力的高原土著品种, 相对而言, 白来航鸡和寿光鸡为两个低地鸡种。在常氧环境下对这3个鸡品种进行全期模拟低氧孵化, 结果显示, 藏鸡的孵化率显著高于两个低地鸡品种, 表现出了高度的耐受低氧环境的能力, 而对于低地鸡, 一定程度的低氧环境对其孵化是致命的。利用Taqman探针法FQRT-PCR技术检测了藏鸡、白来航鸡、寿光鸡HIF-1[[alpha]] 的组织特异性表达。结果表明, HIF-1[[alpha]] mRNA在3个鸡品种的大脑和骨骼肌组织均有表达, 并有明显的组织差异性, 脑的表达量最大; 并且发现常氧条件下孵化时, 藏鸡胚胎的大脑组织内HIF-1[[alpha]] 基因的表达量与低氧孵化的低地鸡胚胎相接近.     

Genome‐wide association analysis reveals novel loci for hypoxia adaptability in Tibetan chicken

The Tibetan chicken (TBC), an indigenous chicken breed of the Tibetan Plateau, has adapted to its hypoxic, high‐altitude environment over hundreds of years. The objective of this study was to identify the polymorphisms and genes associated with adaptation to hypoxia in this chicken breed. In the present study, samples were collected during days 18–21 of the incubation period from both surviving chicks and dead embryos, all of which were hatched under hypoxic conditions. A genome‐wide association study was conducted using the Illumina iSelect 60K SNP array with a case–control design, in which the case group consisted of the dead chicken embryos (n = 54) and controls were the surviving chicks (n = 82). Four significant SNPs were detected at the genome‐wide level (P < 0.05), and the results indicated that fork head box G1 (FOXG1) was the main candidate gene. The lead SNP NC_006092.4:g.33368893T>C was confirmed with a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 122 cases and 212 controls. A chi‐square test showed a significant association between NC_006092.4:g.33368893T>C and hatchability under hypoxic conditions (P < 0.01). Our results revealed novel polymorphisms and a candidate gene associated with hypoxic adaptation, facilitating further study in this field.     

不同海拔饲育的麦洼牦牛肺脏组织转录组学分析

为了探讨牦牛适应高海拔低氧环境的基因表达特征与规律,对在高海拔（3 560 m）和低海拔地区（478 m）饲育4个月的2.5~3岁健康雄性麦洼牦牛肺组织进行转录组测序。转录组测序采用Illumina高通量测序平台(HiSeqTM2500/4000)进行,并以qRT-PCR验证差异表达基因的表达量。结果显示,高海拔组牦牛肺脏转录组平均每个测序样本得到约5.76亿条Clean Reads,低海拔组牦牛中得到约6.10亿条Clean Reads,比对到参考基因组上的Reads数分别占91.74%和91.28%以上,共发现了2 047个新转录本。低海拔组与高海拔组牦牛肺脏组织之间共有199个差异表达基因,其中含89个差异上调表达基因和110个差异下调表达基因。所得差异表达基因富集在297个GO条目和146个KEGG通路中,包含62个低氧适应相关的GO条目和35个低氧适应相关代谢通路。其中低氧适应相关GO条目在生物过程、细胞组成和分子功能三种类别中占比最多的分别为细胞粘附、蛋白复合物和钙离子结合。低氧适应相关KEGG通路中占比最多的为肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路,其次为低氧诱导因子1(HIF-1)信号通路。qRT-PCR验证结果显示,Ⅱ类人类白细胞抗原α链(HLA-DOA、HLA-DRA)、补体因子 (C2)和甘露糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶1（MASP1）基因的表达量变化与转录组测序结果相符。本研究为全局和深入理解牦牛肺组织转录本表达对高海拔低氧的响应提供了有价值的切入点。     

家蚕5龄幼虫精巢和卵巢microRNA芯片及转录组比较分析

【目的】本研究旨在通过对家蚕Bombyx mori 5龄幼虫精巢和卵巢组织微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)基因芯片及转录组进行分析,找到参与家蚕性腺发育相关的miRNA分子及可能的靶基因。【方法】采用新一代高通量测序平台对家蚕5龄幼虫精巢和卵巢(分别定义为Test和Control)进行miRNA基因芯片检测及转录组测序分析,根据P＜0.05且log₂(fold change, FC)≥2的标准,通过比较筛选出Test vs Control的差异表达miRNA;根据q≤0.05且|log₂(fold change)|≥1的标准,通过比较筛选出Test vs Control的差异表达基因 (differentially expressed genes, DEGs);随机选取8个上调和12个下调差异表达miRNA,对其表达及其预测的5个靶基因进行qRT-PCR验证;对DEGs以及差异表达miRNA的靶基因进行KEGG通路富集分析。【结果】从精巢和卵巢样本中(Test vs Control)分别鉴定出68个差异表达miRNA和3 991个DEGs,其中上调和下调miRNA分别为36和32个,上调和下调DEGs分别为2 033和1 958个。差异表达miRNA的qRT PCR验证结果均与芯片数据一致。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示DEGs在新陈代谢及核糖体的信号通路显著富集。对差异表达miRNA在DEGs中的可能靶基因进行预测,结果找到了4组表达趋势相反的miRNA与靶基因：分别是bmo-miR-2774a与LOC101745556;bmo-miR-92b与LOC101735954以及bmo-miR-3266与LOC733130和LOC778467;1组表达趋势一致的miRNA与靶基因：bmo-miR-3321与LOC101744895。5个靶基因的qRT-PCR验证结果与转录组测序结果一致。【结论】本研究获得了家蚕5龄幼虫精巢和卵巢转录组及miRNA芯片数据,筛选并验证了4组差异表达和1组一致表达miRNA及潜在靶基因,为探究家蚕精巢和卵巢发育差异奠定了基础。     

Cloning and Expression of SFRP5 in Tibetan Chicken and its Relationship with IMF Deposition

Secreted frizzled related protein 5 (SFRP5), an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is relevant to the adipocyte differentiation. In order to clarify its role in regulating intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Tibetan chicken, the full-length sequence of the Tibetan chicken SFRP5 gene was cloned. The relative expression of SFRP5 gene was detected using quantitative RT-PCR in various tissues of 154 days old Tibetan chicken, as well as in breast muscle, thigh muscle, and adipose tissue at different growth stages. The results showed that SFRP5 gene was expressed in all examined tissues but highly enriched in adipose tissue. Temporal expression profile showed that the expression of SFRP5 was gradually decreased in breast muscle, but was fluctuated in thigh muscle and adipose tissue with the growth of Tibetan chicken. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression of SFRP5 in breast muscle, thigh muscle and adipose tissue was correlated with IMF content at different levels. The results indicated that Tibetan chicken SFRP5 is involved in IMF deposition.     

家兔前体脂肪细胞分化不同时期基因表达谱分析

脂肪的过度积累严重危害人类健康。前体脂肪细胞分化是脂肪发育的关键过程,研究前体脂肪细胞分化相关基因的表达有助于认识脂肪沉积的机理。尽管家兔是一种理想的研究脂肪发育的动物模型,但是针对其前体脂肪细胞分化不同时期基因表达谱的研究鲜见报道。本研究通过诱导家兔前体脂肪细胞分化,在分化第0 d、3 d和9 d收集脂肪细胞,利用转录组测序(RNA-seq),在分化第3 d样本与第0 d样本的比较中筛选出1352个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs),在分化第9 d样本与第3 d样本的比较中筛选出888个DEGs。GO (gene ontology)功能富集和KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路分析发现,0~3 d分化期上调的DEGs显著富集在PPAR信号通路和PI3K-Akt信号通路上,3~9d分化期上调的DEGs显著富集到与细胞周期调控有关的GO条目和KEGG信号通路,0~3d和3~9d阶段特异上调的DEGs可能分别作用于细胞质和细胞核。通过DEGs的蛋白-蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction, PPI)网络分析发现,筛选出的核心节点(hub node)基因可能通过调控细胞周期而影响家兔前体脂肪细胞分化。     

西方蜜蜂工蜂蛹响应低温胁迫的差异表达基因分析

【目的】本研究旨在从转录组水平筛选和分析西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera工蜂不同时期蛹对低温胁迫反应的差异表达基因(DEGs)。【方法】将西方蜜蜂工蜂封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹分别置于低温环境(20℃)和最适发育温度(35℃)中4 h,分别作为处理组和对照组,通过转录组学技术筛选低温处理组与对应的对照组之间的DEGs,并进行GO功能分类和KEGG通路分析。利用RT qPCR分别对封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹的8, 6和5个DEGs的表达谱进行验证。【结果】与对照组相比,封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹受低温胁迫后的DEGs分别有220, 50和26个;GO功能分类发现,DEGs富集数最多的条目为代谢进程、细胞进程、催化活性和结合,封盖后3 d预蛹的DEGs在生物学进程调控、细胞部分和细胞器等有较多富集。KEGG通路分析显示,处理组和对照组间西方蜜蜂各日龄DEGs在整体概述图、氨基酸代谢、信号转导、运输和分解代谢有富集。封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹受低温胁迫后共有的DEG 3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶1基因PDK1上调表达,同时富集在自噬-动物、mTOR和FoxO信号通路。低温胁迫后,封盖后3 d预蛹的胰岛素受体底物1-B基因IRS1-B和Kruppel同源物1基因Kr-h1上调表达,而核激素受体FTZ-F1基因Ftz-F1与蜕皮启动激素基因Eth显著下调表达,说明封盖后3 d预蛹响应低温细胞自噬和蜕皮受到抑制程度更大。在低温胁迫后封盖后6 d蛹中与昆虫角质层着色与免疫相关的酪氨酸羟化酶基因TyHyd下调表达;与对照组相比,在低温胁迫后封盖后9 d蛹中DEGs最少,说明在3个蛹期中,其受低温的影响较小。【结论】本研究测定了西方蜜蜂3个不同发育阶段蛹响应低温的DEGs,结果显示大部分DEGs为阶段特有,说明西方蜜蜂不同发育阶段响应低温的机制不同。一些共有DEGs以及阶段特有DEGs的功能研究和其作用机制是进一步研究蜜蜂对低温响应机制的重点内容,为探究蜜蜂蛹期响应低温胁迫的分子机制提供了基础数据。     

中华蜜蜂精巢和卵巢差异表达基因分析

[目的]在蜂群中,雄蜂与蜂王都有着发育完全的性腺,但两者达到性成熟的时间却是不同步的.本研究旨在探究中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana雄蜂与蜂王生殖腺的基因表达差异.[方法]利用Illumina测序技术对中华蜜蜂雄蜂精巢与蜂王卵巢转录组差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes...     

转录组分析揭示东方蜜蜂微孢子虫侵染意大利蜜蜂的分子机制

【目的】本研究旨在通过差异表达基因(differentially expressed gene, DEG)分析以及毒力因子和其他侵染相关因子分析,在转录组水平揭示东方蜜蜂微孢子虫Nosema ceranae侵染意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica的分子机制。【方法】基于前期已获得高质量的东方蜜蜂微孢子虫纯化孢子(NcCK)及侵染意大利蜜蜂工蜂7和10 d的东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(分别为NcT1和NcT2)转录组数据,根据P≤0.05且|log_2(Fold change)|≥1的标准,通过比较分析筛选出NcCK vs NcT1, NcCK vs NcT2和NcT1 vs NcT2比较组的DEG。通过相关生物信息学软件对上述DEG进行Venn分析、GO分类和KEGG代谢通路富集分析。根据Nr和KEGG数据库注释信息和相关文献进行对东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的毒力因子和侵染相关因子的统计和分析。通过RT-qPCR验证转录组数据及DEG表达趋势。【结果】从NcCK vs NcT1, NcCK vs NcT2和NcT1 vs NcT2比较组分别鉴定出1 397, 1 497和52个DEG。Venn分析结果显示各比较组共有的上调和下调基因分别为10和1个。GO分类结果显示,NcCK vs NcT1和NcCK vs NcT2中DEG富集数最多的功能条目为代谢进程、细胞进程、单组织进程、细胞、细胞组件、细胞器、催化活性和结合,而NcT1 vs NcT2中DEG富集数最多的是代谢进程、细胞进程、单组织进程、催化活性和结合。KEGG代谢通路富集分析结果显示,NcCK vs NcT1和NcCK vs NcT2中DEG分别富集到80和79条通路;富集在糖酵解/糖异生和MAPK信号通路的上调基因数量多于下调基因。毒力因子分析结果显示,孢壁蛋白9基因和孢壁蛋白12基因在NcCK vs NcT1和NcCK vs NcT2中均下调表达,孢壁蛋白8基因仅在NcCK vs NcT1中表达量下调;此外孢壁蛋白前体基因、孢壁和锚定盘复合蛋白基因、几丁质合酶基因、极管蛋白基因、蓖麻毒素B凝集素基因的表达水平在NcCK vs NcT1和NcCK vs NcT2中表现为上调。侵染相关因子分析结果表明,糖酵解途径的3个关键酶基因在NcCK vs NcT1和NcCK vs NcT2中上调表达;3个涉及ATP/ADP移位酶的基因在NcCK vs NcT1和NcCK vs NcT2中上调表达,但有1个表达量下调;2个涉及ABC转运蛋白的基因在NcCK vs NcT1和NcCK vs NcT2中上调表达,另有4个下调表达。RT-qPCR结果证实了本研究中转录组数据及DEG表达趋势的真实可靠性。【结论】本研究通过比较分析解析东方蜜蜂微孢子虫侵染意大利蜜蜂工蜂过程的转录组动态,揭示了孢壁蛋白、孢壁和锚定盘复合蛋白、几丁质酶、极管蛋白和蓖麻毒素B凝集素等毒力因子编码基因,以及己糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶、ATP/ADP移位酶和ABC转运蛋白等侵染相关因子编码基因在病原增殖中扮演重要角色,为阐明东方蜜蜂微孢子虫的侵染机制提供了基础。     

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament related genes identification using microarray gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a kind of disease with physical barriers and neurological disorders. The objective of this study was to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OPLL patient ligament cells and identify the target sites for the prevention and treatment of OPLL in clinic. Gene expression data GSE5464 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus; then DEGs were screened by limma package in R language, and changed functions and pathways of OPLL cells compared to normal cells were identified by DAVID (The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery); finally, an interaction network of DEGs was constructed by string. A total of 1536 DEGs were screened, with 31 down-regulated and 1505 up-regulated genes. Response to wounding function and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway may involve in the development of OPLL. Genes, such as PDGFB, PRDX2 may involve in OPLL through response to wounding function. Toll-like receptor signaling pathway enriched genes such as TLR1, TLR5, and TLR7 may involve in spine cord injury in OPLL. PIK3R1 was the hub gene in the network of DEGs with the highest degree; INSR was one of the most closely related genes of it. OPLL related genes screened by microarray gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis may be helpful for elucidating the mechanism of OPLL.     

金钱鱼下丘脑转录组分析及其对雌激素在体注射的响应

为探究XX雌性和XY雄性金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)下丘脑中的差异表达基因及雌激素(17β-Estradiol,E2)在体注射对XY雄鱼下丘脑中基因表达的影响,开展了转录组测序分析,包括测序数据质控、基因功能注释,差异基因筛选、鉴定和差异基因功能富集分析等,并利用实时定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR)检测了金钱鱼下丘脑中相关基因的表达。金钱鱼下丘脑转录组共测得Clean reads 275833710,测序质量30(Q30)大于95%, GC含量值大于48%。其中, Ctrl-XX-H vs. Ctrl-XY-H组,共筛选和鉴定了91个差异表达基因,包括36个上调基因和55个下调基因。在Ctrl-XY-H vs. E2-XY-H组,筛选和鉴定了28个差异表达基因,包括11个上调基因和17个下调基因。GO和KEGG富集分析发现,差异表达基因主要显著富集在细胞、单生物过程,膜、膜组分,结合等生物学功能及泛醌和其他萜类-醌生物合成及类固醇激素生物合成通路等。转录组和qPCR结果表明, XX和XY金钱鱼下丘脑中prl、ccna1和hs...