广西海滩红树林与土壤的关系

不同红树林植物对生态环境和土壤条件的要求不同．因此,在潮间带上的生态分布不同;红树林通过旺盛的生物累积和循环、强烈的生物积盐和严重的酸化作用等．使其生长的基质土壤的理化性状受到较大影响,明显有别于无红树林生长的潮滩土壤。     

中国南方生长于不同基质的天然林植物叶片元素含量特征比较

对比中国南方两个热带喀斯特森林、一个热带红树林和来自文献的一个亚热带常绿阔叶林植物叶片元素含量和计量特点。结果表明,受碳酸盐岩的影响,西双版纳和弄岗喀斯特森林植物叶片普遍富含Ca、Mg元素,因岩性差异,含有一定白云岩的弄岗地区的植物富集更多的Mg。西双版纳喀斯特森林存在K、Fe、Na、Zn元素的缺乏状况;由于白云岩矿物成分的特殊性和缓慢的风化速度,弄岗喀斯特植物有更高的叶片K、Zn、S含量。红树林植物富集P、Ca、Mg、Na、S元素,海水环境中大量的离子进入土壤被植物吸收利用,提高了红树的养分含量,并且在高盐环境下Na在叶片中大量富集。但是,红树植物表现缺乏Fe、Si、Zn。亚热带常绿阔叶林植物受酸性土影响大,Mn元素大量富集,P与Na的含量缺乏,并且相比其他生境,常绿阔叶林的N、P、Ca、Mg含量较低。西双版纳和弄岗的喀斯特森林植物叶片N/P比分别为14.27和18.26,说明前者受到N、P的共同限制,后者主要为P限制;红树植物N/P比为13.12,受N限制;常绿阔叶林植物本身严重缺P,N/P比为26.27,表现出明显的P限制。所研究的不同基质上的植物,叶片N与P元素之间均呈显著正相关,这种稳定的协同关系是植物适应环境的普遍规律。Ca与Mg两个二价阳离子元素在喀斯特森林和常绿阔叶林中为协同关系,而在红树林中则不存在相关性,分析表明Na盐胁迫下增加了Mg的吸收,改变了Ca、Mg的平衡关系。N与K元素在红树林和常绿阔叶林中为协同关系,而由于喀斯特环境中Ca、Mg协同影响了K的吸收,改变了N、K的协同关系。P与Zn在喀斯特森林和红树林中都表现出协同关系,这与两种元素在植物代谢过程中都参与了酶的合成有关。红树植物表现K和Mn的拮抗关系,而在喀斯特森林和常绿阔叶林中均未有相关性。S与P元素在弄岗喀斯特森林中表现出正相关,这种协同性可以帮助喀斯特植物缓解缺P的症状,而在高P的红树植物中没有相关性。研究结果对于森林生态系统的生物地球化学循环模拟和生态系统管理有重要参考意义。     

粤东沿海红树林物种组成与群落特征

南海地区是全球红树林分布的中心区域之一。粤东沿海位于南海地区的北界,红树林物种组成和群落结构具有边缘性。利用卫星影像解译辅助技术,对筛选的23处红树林群落进行样地调查,记录了真红树植物12种,半红树植物6种,伴生植物7种。各群落平均高度为1.50—8.60 m,林相以灌丛、小乔木林为主。红树林群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.533—1.239,均匀度指数为0.662—0.957,天然林和人工林之间数值差异不显著。等级聚类分析将粤东沿海的红树林划分为演替早期人工林、演替早期天然林、演替中期天然林和演替后期天然林4个类别,各群落立地条件差异较大,沉积物总有机碳、盐度、总氮含量与群落分布状况的相关性较高。与1985年的报道相比,尽管该地区记录的红树林植物种类从20种增加至24种,但个别伴生植物消失以及半红树植物种群萎缩说明该地区红树林面临较大的环境压力。在物种多样性和均匀度均方面,粤东沿海红树林群落低于成熟红树林。过去数十年的围垦导致天然红树植物种群萎缩、生境破碎化是主要因素。基于该地区红树林群落的现状,未来人工林和残次天然林的优化改造是红树林恢复重建的重点,红树林恢复和保育的重点区域包括深圳湾的福田、范和港的蟹洲和韩江口的六合围。     

英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性的研究

用1995～1996年在广西英罗港红树林区取样所得的资料探讨了英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性特点.结果表明,英罗港红树林昆虫种类有195种;主要优势种为黑褐举腹蚁(Crematogaster rogenhoferi)、东京弓背蚁(Camponotus tokioensis)和三条螟蛾(Dichocrocris chorophanta);内滩昆虫群落多样性高于中滩、外滩.潮汐和风暴对昆虫群落多样性的影响是决定群落结构水平的重要因素;内滩、中滩和外滩影响多样性的主要成分是均匀性.     

英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性的研究

用１９９５～１９９６年在广西英罗港红树林区取样所得的资料探讨了英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性特点。结果表明,英罗港红树林昆虫种类有１９５种;主要优势中为黑褐举腹蚊（Ｃｒｅｍａｔｏｇａｓｔｅｒ ｒｏｇｅｎｈｏｆｅｒｉ）、东京弓背蚁（Ｃａｍｐｏｎｏｔｕｓ ｔｏｋｉｏｅｎｓｉｓ）和三条螟蛾（Ｄｉｃｈｏｃｒｏｃｒｉｓ ｃｈｏｒｏｐｈａｎｔａ）;内滩昆虫群落多样性高于中滩、外滩。潮汐和风暴对昆虫群落多样性的     

Tree Leaf Form in Brunei: A Heath Forest and a Mixed Dipterocarp Forest Compared1

Canopy‐top leaves of the dominant tree species from two 0.96‐ha plots in Brunei, northern Borneo, were sampled for structural and chemical analysis. Thirteen species from the mixed dipterocarp forest at Andulau and 14 from the lowland heath forest at Badas were studied. The heath‐forest species had significantly thicker leaves and were lower in nitrogen and ash concentration than those from the mixed dipterocarp forest. There were no significant differences between the two species groups in leaf mass per unit area (LMA), leaf fracture toughness, carbon concentration, 8¹³C, neutral detergent fiber concentration, sclerophylly index, and stomatal density. A significant negative correlation between %C and 8¹³C was found for the species from the mixed dipterocarp forest, but not those from the heath forest. The degree of sclerophylly measured in physical terms overlapped between the two sites to a considerable degree; however, all six species tested that were present in both plots had higher leaf fracture toughness in the heath forest. The possible reasons for the marked sclerophylly in the mixed dipterocarp forest are discussed.     

Adinandra belukar: an anthropogenic heath forest in Singapore

Adinandra belukar is a species-poor forest dominated by Adinandra dumosa (Theaceae) found in Singapore and southern Peninsular Malaysia. It is the product of secondary succession after exhaustive agricultural exploitation on land cleared of primary lowland rain forest. A high degree of similarity in vegetation between different sites was found for seven 225 m² plots in a dinandra belukar in Singapore. Adinandra dumosa was dominant or codominant in all plots, generally found in association with the woody species Dillenia suffruticosa, Fagraea fragrans, and Rhodamnia cinerea, the climber Gynochthodes sublanceolata, the fern Dicranopteris linearis and the terrestrial orchid Bromheadia finlaysoniana. All sites had extremely acidic (pH 3.3–3.9) surface (0–20 cm) mineral soils with very low total nitrogen (0.06–0.14%) and total phosphorus (11–29 g g^-1) contents and very high carbon/nitrogen ratios (33–48). Adinandra belukar is interpreted as a heath forest because of its floristic and physiognomic similarities with this forest formation.     

元江干热河谷植物叶片解剖和养分含量特征

研究了元江干热河谷旱田植物(旱季可浇灌,水分较好)和山坡半萨王纳植被中(自然状况,水分较差)共20种的叶片形态解剖特征,以及7种山坡植物叶片养分含量特征.结果表明,山坡植物叶片比叶重大,气孔密度大,气孔长度小,海绵组织/栅栏组织的值小等.元江干热河谷山坡植物叶片养分含量低,1.3%＞Ca＞N＞K＞1%＞Mg＞P＞S.除氮元素外,其它元素种间差别1～3倍.与热带植物群落叶片养元素含量相比,热带雨林＞元江山坡植物＞东南亚沙地旱生林和巴西矮卡廷加群落,表明元江干热河谷植物叶片具有明显的旱生性形态解剖特征,且叶片养分含量也较低.     

Continental rain forest fragments in Singapore resist invasion by exotic plants

Abstract Aim In general, the plant communities of oceanic islands suffer more from exotic plant invasions than their continental equivalents. At least part of this difference may be contributed by differences in non‐biological factors, such as the antiquity and intensity of human impacts and the absence of internal barriers to dispersal, rather than differences in inherent invasibility. We tested the resistance of species‐rich continental rain forests to plant invasion on a small, continental island that has been subject to prolonged and intensive human impact. Location Singapore is a 683‐km² equatorial island <1 km from the Asian mainland and with a population of 4 million people. It has a continental biota but has been subject to human impacts as intense as on any oceanic island. Methods We sampled twenty‐nine sites in seven vegetation types, ranging from urban wasteland to fragments of primary lowland rain forest. In each sample plot, all plant species were identified, exotic cover was estimated, and a range of environmental variables measured. Additional qualitative surveys for exotic invasion were made in other forest areas in Singapore. The data were analysed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results The number of exotic species recorded at a site was unrelated to the number of native species. Across all sites, percentage canopy opening had the highest correlation with the number of exotic species, while soil pH (which largely reflects the incorporation of calcareous construction wastes) had the highest correlation if the mangrove sites were excluded. There were no exotics in mangrove forest and only a tropical American, bird‐dispersed shrub, Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don (Melastomataceae: Koster's Curse), in primary and tall secondary forest patches. The species‐poor early stages of woody plant succession on highly degraded soils were also very resistant to exotic plant invasion. Main conclusions Long‐isolated rain forest fragments in an exotic‐dominated continental island landscape resist invasion by exotic plants, suggesting that the problems on oceanic islands may reflect an inherently greater invasibility. This study also adds to the increasing evidence that the floras of tropical rain forest fragments in South‐east Asia are remarkably resilient on a time‐scale of decades to a century or more.     

海南岛东寨港红树林群落甲烷通量研究

 采用静态箱法对海南东寨港4个站位的5个红树林群落的土壤甲烷通量进行了研究,结果表明林地土壤平均甲烷通量为0.81mg·m-2·d-1。利用聚乙烯袋密闭法测定了6种红树植物叶片的甲烷通量,发现红树植物叶片具有吸收大气甲烷的效应。通过海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)红树林的研究还表明,林地土壤甲烷通量的日变化与林内潮水淹浸状况有关。海莲林不同滩面土壤甲烷通量的差异与土壤含水量有关。土壤甲烷通量的季节差异因植被类型或土壤性质不同而表现为两种形式。     

桂西北喀斯特区原生林与次生林鲜叶和凋落叶化学计量特征

研究喀斯特生态脆弱区植物新鲜叶片与凋落叶的元素化学计量学性状,对该地区森林生态系统的恢复与重建具有重要指导意义。在桂西北喀斯特区分别选取了3个原生林群落与3个次生林群落,研究其建群种植物新鲜叶片和凋落叶的C、N、P元素含量及其生态化学计量特征。结果发现,6个群落建群种新鲜叶片C、N、P含量(其平均含量分别为404.3、22.5、1.75 mg/g)均大于凋落叶(平均含量分别为376.5、19.0、1.35 mg/g),鲜叶C:N、C:P、N:P比值(均值分别为17.8、244.9、13.8)均小于凋落叶(均值分别为19.3、315.3、16.3)。6种植物新鲜叶片N、P含量大于凋落叶,而N:P比小于凋落叶,表明喀斯特区植物对N的再吸收率大于P。3个原生林群落建群种鲜叶与凋落叶的平均C、N含量均大于次生林,而P含量则略小于次生林;原生林鲜叶与凋落叶的C:N比均小于次生林,C:P、N:P则大于次生林,推测次生林相对于原生林有更快的生长速率。原生林鲜叶N:P比为13—15之间,次生林鲜叶N:P比为11—12之间,次生林鲜叶与凋落叶的N:P比均小于原生林,说明原生林凋落物分解相对较慢,原生林能相对多的保留养分以供植物吸收,更能适应喀斯特石生环境。植物鲜叶和凋落叶的C:N与N:P比值均呈极显著正相关,说明叶片养分元素间具有共变的特性;叶片N、P含量呈正相关关系,表明植物N:P比具有相对的稳定性,这是高等陆生植物C-N-P元素计量的普遍规律,体现了植物群落对环境的适应。     

Intraspecific variation in the status of ant symbiosis on a myrmecophyte,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Macaranga bancana,</Emphasis> between primary and secondary forests in Borneo

A tree species, Macaranga bancana , distributed in South East Asian tropics has a mutualistic relationship with specific symbiotic ant species, which defend the plant from herbivores. To examine the intraspecific variation in the status of the ant-plant symbiosis among microhabitats of different light conditions, we investigated the species composition of nesting ants and the herbivory damage on M. bancana saplings by field observations and sampling in primary and secondary forests in Sarawak. In addition, the effectiveness of non-ant (physical and chemical) defenses were estimated by feeding the larvae of a polyphagous lepidopteran with M. bancana leaves from saplings in the two types of forests. All saplings in the primary forest were colonized by two Crematogaster ant species that had been known to be the obligate symbionts of M. bancana, while in the secondary forest, about half of the saplings were occupied by several ant species that were not obligate symbionts. There was little herbivory damage on saplings colonized by the two Crematogaster symbiont ants in both forest types, while the saplings colonized by the other ant species suffered a 10–60% loss of leaf area. Larval mortality of the polyphagous lepidopteran Spodoptera litura was significantly higher when larvae fed on leaves of M. bancana saplings in the secondary forest than when fed on leaves of M. bancana saplings in the primary forest. These results suggest that the symbiosis between ants and M. bancana is looser and the non-ant-defenses are stronger in secondary forests, where light is more intense, than in primary forests.     

Effectiveness of protein-rich pea flour for the control of stored-product beetles

Abstract The association between visiting ants and the extrafloral nectaries (EFN)‐bearing shrub Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda (Malvaceae) was investigated in two different coastal habitats – a permanently dry sandy forest and a regularly inundated mangrove forest. In both habitats the frequency of plants with ants and the mean number of ants per plant were much higher on H. pernambucensis than on non‐nectariferous neighbouring plants. In the sandy forest the proportion of live termite baits attacked by ants on H. pernambucensis was much higher than on plants lacking EFNs. In the mangrove, however, ants attacked equal numbers of termites on either plant class. Ant attendance to tuna/honey baits revealed that overall ant activity in the sandy forest is higher than in the mangrove area. The vertical distribution (ground vs. foliage) of ant activity also differed between habitats. While in the mangrove foraging ants were more frequent at baits placed on foliage, in the sandy forest ant attendance was higher at ground baits. Plants housing ant colonies were more common in the mangrove than in the sandy forest. Frequent flooding in the mangrove may have resulted in increased numbers of ant nests on vegetation and scattered ant activity across plant foliage, irrespective of possession of EFNs. Thus plants with EFNs in the mangrove may not experience increased ant aggression towards potential herbivores relative to plants lacking EFNs. The study suggests that the vertical distribution of ant activity, as related to different nest site distribution (ground vs. foliage) through a spatial scale, can mediate ant foraging patterns on plant foliage and probably affect the ants’ potential for herbivore deterrence on an EFN‐bearing plant species.     

Insect herbivory on mangrove leaves in North Queensland*

Estimates of leaf damage by insect herbivores are presented for 25 species of mangrove plants, comprising canopy and understorey species. Leaf area loss was highly variable among the species sampled, with means ranging from 0.3 to 35.0% of expanded leaf area. There was also great variability amongst leaves within species, and the mean coefficient of variation for leaf loss from the 25 species was 266%. Of the 12 species sampled at more than one site in North Queensland, eight exhibited small, but significant, between-site differences in herbivory. In general, it did not appear that height in the canopy influenced herbivory. For the dominant mangrove forest community type at Missionary Bay, an estimated mean of 2.1% of leaf production, or 11 g m^-2 per year, entered the direct grazing pathway. This very low figure is compared with estimates from other studies on mangrove forests and estimates from a variety of Australian terrestrial forests.     

Ecosystem recovery in terra firme forests after cutting and burning: a comparison on species richness, floristic composition and forest structure in the Jaú National Park, Amazonia

Six hectares, three in a primary forest and three in a 40 year old secondary forest were inventoried for all trees with Diameter at Breast Height (DNH) of 10 cm or greater in a terra firme forest 200 km north-east of Manaus, central Amazonia in order to compare the difference between structure, species richness and floristic composition. Both species richness and tree density were significantly higher in the upland forest than in the secondary forest. The forest structure pattern analysed (DBH, basal area and estimated dry biomass) did not differ significantly between the two forest types. Similarity indices at species level were only 14%. In the 3 ha of primary forest the number of species varied from 137 to 159, the number of individuals from 639 to 713, total basal area from 32.8 to 40.2 m² and estimate total of above-ground dry biomass (AGBM) from 405 to 560 tons per ha. In the 3 ha of secondary forest, the number of species varied from 86 to 90, the number of individuals from 611 to 653, total basal area from 28.8 to 39.9 m² and estimated total AGBM from 340 to 586 tons per ha. Family Importance Value (FIV) is the sum of relative density, dominance and richness of a family. The most important families in relation to FIV were Burseraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Lecythidaceae, Myristicaceae, Bombacaceae, Fabaceae and Mimosaceae in the 3 ha of primary forest, while Burseraceae, Lecythidaceae, Sapotaceae, Arecaceae and Cecropiaceae were the most important families in the 3 ha of secondary forest. Importance Value Index (IVI) is the sum of relative density, dominance and frequency of a species. Alexa grandiflora (Caesalpiniaceae), Sckronema micranthum (Bombacaceae) and Pourouma guianensis (Cecropiaceae) were the most important species in relation IVI, in the primary forest, while Eschweilera grandiflora (Lecythidaceae), Protium apiculatum (Burseraceae) and Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) were the most important species in the secondary forest. We conclude that species richness was significandy different between the two forests, but that forest structure patterns analysed in this study (DBH, basal area and dry biomass) were similar. This demonstrates that 40 years was sufficient time for the secondary forest to recover the original structure of the primary forest, but not the original species richness. The low species similarity between the two forests indicates that the floristic composition was quite distinct and that the mixture of primary forest and disturbed forest has led to an increase in total species diversity.     

南亚热带不同海拔常绿阔叶林树种叶性状的比较分析

南亚热带地带性植被是季风常绿阔叶林(海拔300～600 m;简称季风林),在中山地带则分布为山地常绿阔叶林(海拔1 000～1 500 m;简称山地林)。山地林的生态价值日益受到重视,但是对其树种的环境适应性仍缺乏足够了解。该研究基于南亚热带典型山地林(广西大明山)和季风林(广东鼎湖山)的固定样地,共测定57种代表性树种的叶形态解剖特征、机械强度和水力学性状,比较不同海拔常绿阔叶林树种叶性状以及多类性状关联性的差异。结果表明,与季风林树种相比,山地林树种叶较厚、比叶面积较小、机械强度较高,有利于提高对较高海拔山区冬季冰冻的适应能力。在2022年夏季持续高温干旱时期,季风林树种的叶水势和水力安全边界均低于山地林。但是大部分树种水力安全边界为正值且种间变异较大,表明不同海拔常绿阔叶林的水力风险较低。不同海拔常绿阔叶林的叶性状网络不同,山地林树种叶水力安全性和效率性无权衡关系,而季风林树种叶经济学性状(如比叶面积)与其他指标的关联性较弱。基于叶性状的研究揭示了南亚热带不同海拔常绿阔叶林树种适应策略的差异性和多样性。     

The mangrove and others vegetation associations in de Gandoca lagoon, Limón, Costa Rica

Six plant associations were identified at Gandoca Lagoon by photointerpretation and field verification: a) mangroves, b) palm trees swamp, and palm trees with Acrostichum aureum and A. danaefolium, c) mixed palm trees, d) very humid tropical rain forest, and e) tropical beach vegetation. The mangroves cover 12.5 ha surrounding the lagoon and extend 2 km up the Gandoca River. Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) was the dominant species, with Avicennia germinans (black mangrove), Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove) and Conocarpus erectus (buttonwood) also present. Moving inland the mangroves grade into a tropical rain forest. Gandoca, the largest and best preserved mangrove of Caribbean Costa Rica, tripled its area from 1976 to 2000. Possible causes include sedimentation and the Limón earthquake, which may have subside the lagoon area.     

红树林生态系统中不同生境不同深度土壤的可培养真菌的多样性

【目的】了解八门湾红树林生态系统中不同生境(潮间带、海洋到红树区的过渡带、海桑红树区)和不同深度土壤的可培养真菌的多样性。【方法】采用稀释涂布平板法分离土壤中的真菌,利用形态学观察和ITS rDNA序列分析技术研究可培养真菌的表观和遗传多样性。【结果】从八门湾红树林生态系统的3个不同生境中分离到257株真菌,分别属于21属28种,其中青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和木霉属(Trichoderma)为优势类群。来自不同生境或者同一生境不同采样深度的土壤真菌种类组成不同,并且有些真菌类群只出现在特定的样品中。从空间角度看,红树区土壤样品的真菌多样性高于其他两个生境的土壤样品;从垂直角度看,潮间带和过渡带的表层土壤样品的真菌多样性高于深层土壤样品,而红树区的深层土壤样品真菌多样性高于表层土壤样品。【结论】八门湾红树林生态系统中的可培养真菌资源丰富,种类多样性较高,但不同生境或不同深度的可培养真菌分布存在较大的差异。这些结果揭示了红树林土壤中可培养真菌的生态分布特点,也为红树林真菌资源的开发利用提供了基础的背景资料。     

Structural and Floristic Heterogeneity in a 30-Year-Old Costa Rican Rain Forest Restored on Pasture Through Natural Secondary Succession

Relatively little information exists on neotropical secondary rain forests that have progressed beyond the pioneer stages of succession, or on the potential of natural regeneration to restore forest on large areas. We determined the structural and floristic characteristics (10 cm dbh) of a 30‐year‐old secondary forest developing on a 32.5 ha pasture on hilly terrain, abandoned after use of moderate intensity. Ten 0.24 ha sample plots covered the range of site conditions. The forest was dominated by long‐lived pioneer tree species; overall, the majority of species (70%) was vertebrate dispersed but the majority of individuals (52%) was of wind‐dispersed species. Tree species, including the dominants, were a mixture of those present in old‐growth and adventives colonizing from agricultural land. The forest was very heterogeneous. Vochysia ferruginea‐dominated stands characterized slopes with soils of high exchangeable acidity, while the adventive Cordia alliodora dominated sites with gentler topography and soils of lower acidity. Structural differences between the two forest types were slight, but Cordia forest had significantly greater species diversity and absolute and relative abundances of vertebrate‐dispersed tree species than Vochysia forest, which had significantly greater absolute and relative abundances of wind‐dispersed tree species. These latter differences between forest types, as well as the wide structural variation of the forest as a whole, were probably largely due to spatial and temporal variation in seed rains, some of it linked to the characteristics of the dominant species. Rain forest restoration on large pastures may depend greatly on wind dispersal and adventive tree species, and techniques for silvicultural diagnosis must be developed as a basis for the management of heterogeneous successional stands. Studies of early colonization of pastures should be expanded to focus on the causes of heterogeneity in older forests.     

A Community Ecology Study on the Monsoon Forest in the Valley of Lower Luzhi River in Yunnan

Based on the investigation of 1ha plot, the primitive monsoon forest on the valley of lower Luzhi River in Yunnan was studied. The height of the community is 15-20m, and tree layers are divided into 2 layers, which is dominated by deciduous tree species Lannea coromandelica and evergreen tree species Cipadessa cinerascens. One hundred and sixteen vascular plant species were recorded from the plot, including 36 tree species, 14 shrub species, 43 herbaceous species, 43 liana species and 2 epiphyte species. Shannon Wienner index is 22824 and Simpson index is 08321 from the 1ha plot. Total 1764 trees individuals with DBH ≥1cm were recorded in the plot. This community is dominated by phanerophytes. The forest is dominated by the microphyllous species which makes up 3932% of the total. The forest is also dominated by the species with simple leaves (make up 7350%), papery leaves (make up 6923%), none caudate leaves (make up 8120%) and entire leaves (make up 6752%). The species/area curve shows that it is flatten at 2000m2, which is suggested to be the minimum sampling area for the forest. This community could be recognized as Lannea coromandelica Cipadessa cinerascens formation.