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1.
房玉潇  张娜  刘永军 《生命的化学》2020,40(10):1693-1699
纳米药物递送系统自身理化性质如粒径、电荷、形状等可影响其血液循环、肿瘤蓄积及细胞摄取等性能,进而影响药效。利用肿瘤微环境与正常组织的差异,构建肿瘤微环境响应型纳米药物递送系统,具备智能转变自身理化性质的特点,成为目前研究的焦点。本文综述了近年来常见的肿瘤微环境响应型纳米药物递送系统及其在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展,以期为合理设计肿瘤微环境响应型纳米药物递送系统提供新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

2.
pH敏感的纳米递药系统能有效利用其纳米尺寸以及敏感的连接键响应生物体内外不同的刺激,并通过在肿瘤部位选择性释药、增加药物的蓄积、减少药物在血液循环过程中的渗漏以及减轻毒副作用等方式提高药物生物利用度。根据肿瘤组织内不同的pH值构建多种刺激-响应型纳米载药系统是肿瘤治疗领域的发展趋势。本文综述了pH敏感的纳米药物载体在肿瘤治疗领域的研究与进展,以期为今后相关内容的深入研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

3.
传统的给药方式存在生物利用度低、操作过程复杂、不适用于针头恐惧患者等问题。透皮给药可以避免这些问题,但是由于大多数药物难以直接穿透皮肤角质层使其应用受限。微针技术作为一种新兴的局部给药方式,能够以微创方式穿透皮肤角质层并将药物直接递送到病变部位,从而提高治疗效果。刺激响应型微针也因其具有时空可控性、药物递送效率高和潜在副作用小等优点而备受关注。本文重点介绍了刺激响应型微针的常用材料、各种刺激响应触发的微针类型及药物释放机制,阐述了其作为药物递送系统的生物医学应用,并探讨了刺激响应型微针面临的挑战和潜在解决方案。  相似文献   

4.
纳米诊疗一体化是恶性肿瘤精准治疗的重要研究方向之一。通过纳米载体实现的可视化药物递送和治疗监控,在肿瘤诊断和治疗过程中具有独特优势。本文归纳了近年来纳米诊疗一体化发展的新模式及其研究现状,旨在为推动纳米诊疗一体化的进一步应用提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
水凝胶作为一类与人体组织高度相似的聚合物材料,在生物医学领域已得到广泛的应用.相比传统型水凝胶,刺激响应型水凝胶可在外界环境刺激下表现出溶胀或降解特性,常作为药物控制释放的载体,在不同的组织环境中实现了水凝胶网络结构的形成或瓦解,提高了药物的组织滞留率或实现其控制释放.笔者介绍了刺激响应型水凝胶作为药物控制释放系统的应...  相似文献   

6.
癌症治疗的靶向分子药物的设计与构建,是目前生物医学领域的研究前沿热点之一。靶向药物载体的构建,是通过药物直接加载靶向生物分子或者利用载体自身特性,使化疗药物可以到达并富集在特定组织,所以也被称为"分子火车"。纳米药物的研究已经从单靶向发展到多靶向,实现从单一功能到多功能的应用。单纯的被动释放药物的载体颗粒在复杂的细胞微环境中缺乏精确治疗。因此通过构建带有可控释放特性的纳米药物载体,不仅能有效的提高药物在靶向部位的药物浓度,加强药效,而且还能降低对非靶向组织的毒副作用,提高纳米药物的安全性。常用的控制纳米药物释放的方式包括pH响应,酶响应,光响应,磁响应等。本文主要介绍构建可控药物释放纳米载体的研究进展。  相似文献   

7.
为了实现肿瘤的个体化精准医疗,“纳米诊疗”领域应运而生.本文介绍了纳米诊疗领域发展过程中重要进展的时间线,详细分析了该领域研究论文发表情况,包括论文发表数量、主要研究机构、主要支持基金以及重要杂志等,并进一步详细综述了纳米诊疗平台的构建策略和重要研究进展.纳米诊疗平台的构建策略是将靶向递送、诊断和治疗功能结合在同一个纳...  相似文献   

8.
NO气体治疗是近年来飞速发展的一种新兴的肿瘤治疗方式,因其“绿色”的优点而备受纳米医学的关注.NO气体分子可以作为肿瘤细胞毒性剂和凋亡诱导剂,其治疗效果主要与NO的局部浓度和分布有关.因此,如何维持合适的NO浓度、控制NO的胞内释放、实现NO的精准递送和减少NO的全身毒性,是实现高效NO气体治疗亟需解决的关键科学问题.此外, NO分子还能破坏线粒体并减少ATP的产生,进而能增敏包括化疗在内的其他治疗方法,实现高效的协同治疗.基于这一研究热点,本综述重点介绍了多种刺激响应型NO纳米递送系统,并归纳总结了NO气体治疗与其他抗肿瘤疗法的联合使用策略.  相似文献   

9.
肿瘤是危害人类健康的重大疾病之一。目前用于肿瘤治疗的方法有手术治疗、化学药物治疗、放射治疗等。然而,传统的治疗方法存在治疗效果不佳、易引发多药耐药、毒副作用大等缺点,仍需进一步探索新的肿瘤治疗靶点和策略。线粒体作为细胞的能量转换器,被认为是肿瘤、心血管和神经性疾病新药设计的最重要靶点之一。纳米药物递送载体具有易被主动靶向基团修饰的特点,可实现细胞乃至细胞器的精准靶向给药。本文从抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤复发与转移、诱导细胞自噬等方面综述了线粒体靶向纳米载体在肿瘤诊疗中的应用。  相似文献   

10.
为了达到更好的肿瘤治疗效果,研究者们针对肿瘤微环境设计出了双重和多重响应性智能纳米药物载体。其中基于酸敏感的双重响应性智能纳米药物载体的研究是最广泛、最常见的一种。在当前的研究中,该智能纳米药物载体已经初步实现了体内长循环、有效地抵达肿瘤细胞、在特定肿瘤微环境下控制药物释放等功效,增加了药物抗肿瘤疗效,有效地减少了药物对机体中正常组织的伤害。但是这类研究仍存在许多问题需要解决,如价格昂贵、载体结构复杂、体内药物传递机理不明确等,使其很难用于临床治疗。这里主要从酸-温度、酸-磁、酸-氧化还原、酸-酶、酸-光和酸-超声几个方面简单介绍了近几年的纳米载体研究进展,为进一步实现纳米药物临床应用奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
    
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibit the typical characteristics of inorganic materials that make them promising drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Their structural properties allow the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance drug efficacy and reduce adverse effects. The functionalization of MSNs with targeting ligands to a specific tissue/cell and stimuli‐responsive capping materials to seal drugs inside the MSNs pores are widely studied for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, multiple stimuli‐responsive MSN‐based drug delivery systems are developed to enhance the delivery of anticancer drugs to their specific target and thereby improve the release of the drugs at the intended site. In addition, several toxicity studies are conducted to evaluate the biosafety and biocompatibility of MSNs. Although MSNs present reduced toxicity compared to colloidal silica, they can induce cytotoxicity associated with oxidative stress by increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased glutathione levels that can ultimately lead to cell death. However, different modifications to control morphology and surface composition can be applied to overcome the biocompatibility concerns. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the controlled synthesis, functionalization, targeting and biocompatibility of MSNs, as well as their biomedical application as a chemotherapeutic delivery system is provided.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Efficient and site-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs is a critical challenge in clinical treatment of cancer. Nano-sized carriers such as liposomes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles have been investigated for improving bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutics via various mechanisms, for example, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Further improvement can potentially be achieved by conjugation of targeting ligands onto nanocarriers to achieve selective delivery to the tumour cell or the tumour vasculature. Indeed, receptor-targeted nanocarrier delivery has been shown to improve therapeutic responses both in vitro and in vivo. A variety of ligands have been investigated including folate, transferrin, antibodies, peptides and aptamers. Multiple functionalities can be incorporated into the design of nanoparticles, e.g., to enable imaging and triggered intracellular drug release. In this review, we mainly focus on recent advances on the development of targeted nanocarriers and will introduce novel concepts such as multi-targeting and multi-functional nanoparticles.  相似文献   

13.
    
Recent decades have witnessed the revolutionary development of cancer immunotherapies, which boost cancer‐specific immune responses for long‐term tumor regression. However, immunotherapy still has limitations, including off‐target side effects, long processing times and limited patient responses. These disadvantages of current immunotherapy are being addressed by improving our understanding of the immune system, as well as by establishing combinational approaches. Advanced biomaterials and gene delivery systems overcome some of these delivery issues, harnessing adverse effects and amplifying immunomodulatory effects, and are superior to standard formulations with respect to eliciting antitumor immunity. Nucleic acid‐based nanostructures have diverse functions, ranging from gene expression and gene regulation to pro‐inflammatory effects, as well as the ability to specifically bind different molecules. A brief overview is provided of the recent advances in the non‐viral gene delivery methods that are being used to activate cancer‐specific immune responses. Furthermore, the tumor microenvironment‐responsive synergistic strategies that modulate the immune response by targeting various signaling pathways are discussed. Nanoparticle‐based non‐viral gene delivery strategies have great potential to be implemented in the clinic for cancer immunotherapy.  相似文献   

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Developments of novel drug delivery vehicles are sought-after to augment the therapeutic effectiveness of standard drugs. An urgency to design novel drug delivery vehicles that are sustainable, biocompatible, have minimized cytotoxicity, no immunogenicity, high stability, long circulation time, and are capable of averting recognition by the immune system is perceived. In this pursuit for an ideal candidate for drug delivery vehicles, zwitterionic materials have come up as fulfilling almost all these expectations. This comprehensive review is presenting the progress made by zwitterionic polymeric architectures as prospective sustainable drug delivery vehicles. Zwitterionic polymers with varied architecture such as appending protein conjugates, nanoparticles, surface coatings, liposomes, hydrogels, etc, used to fabricate drug delivery vehicles are reviewed here. A brief introduction of zwitterionic polymers and their application as reliable drug delivery vehicles, such as zwitterionic polymer–protein conjugates, zwitterionic polymer-based drug nanocarriers, and stimulus-responsive zwitterionic polymers are discussed in this discourse. The prospects shown by zwitterionic architecture suggest the tremendous potential for them in this domain. This critical review will encourage the researchers working in this area and boost the development and commercialization of such devices to benefit the healthcare fraternity.  相似文献   

16.
小干扰RNA (small interfering RNA,siRNA)是RNA干扰的引发物,激发与之互补的目标mRNA沉默,对基因调控及疾病治疗有重要意义。siRNA作为药物需要克服血管屏障、实现细胞内吞及溶酶体逃逸,同时还需要避免核酸酶作用下发生降解。因此,设计合适的纳米载体以帮助siRNA成功递送进细胞并发挥作用是目前siRNA药物发展的重要目标。纳米载体的材料种类、尺寸、结构、表面修饰等精确设计是实现siRNA药物成功递送的重要因素。随着研究的深入和应用的发展,siRNA药物纳米载体的精确控制制备、精准靶向递送及多功能化取得了较好的成果。本文围绕siRNA药物纳米载体,对siRNA药物应用及其递送困难、siRNA药物纳米载体主要设计策略、目前siRNA药物上市情况进行介绍,同时对其未来发展方向进行展望。  相似文献   

17.
A facile method for the characterization of hydrogel swelling is described which is based on the determination of changes in the liquid phase concentration of an excluded tracer as gel swells in a constant volume system. The utility of this approach is demonstrated with two responsive hydrogel preparations, one where swelling is influenced by system pH, the other by changes in specific solute concentration.  相似文献   

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The pharmacological therapy for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, continues to present challenges in targeting efficacy. The need for maximal local drug exposure at the inflamed regions of the GI tract has led research to focus on a disease-targeted drug delivery approach. Smart nanomaterials responsive to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrated in the inflamed areas, can be formulated into nanoplatforms to selectively release the active compounds, avoiding unspecific drug delivery to healthy tissues and limiting systemic absorption. Recent developments of ROS-responsive nanoplatforms include combination with other materials to obtain multi-responsive systems and modifications/derivatization to increase the interactions with biological tissues, cell uptake and targeting. This review describes the applications of ROS-responsive nanosystems for on-demand drug delivery to the GI tract.  相似文献   

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