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1.
mRNA所包含的核苷酸序列通过三联体密码子决定了蛋白质的氨基酸序列,但是,由于对氨基酸同义密码使用频率上的差异,密码子与反密码子相互作用效率上的不同,以及密码子上下文关系和mRNA不同区域二级结构上的差异,造成了核糖体对mRNA不同区域翻译速度上的差异,加之共翻译折叠的作用,使得mRNA的序列和结构影响着蛋白质空间结构的形成。  相似文献   

2.
蛋白质折叠速率预测研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
蛋白质折叠速率预测是当今生物物理学最具挑战性的课题之一。近年来,该领域的研究取得了很大的进展,提出了许多经验参数,例如:接触序、长程序、总接触距离、链拓扑参数、二级结构含量、有效长度、螺旋参数、n-阶接触距离等。这些参数都和蛋白质的折叠速率有很好的相关性,基于这些参数的各种预测方法所得到的预测结果也与实验数据较好地吻合。  相似文献   

3.
鉴于蛋白质折叠速率预测对研究其蛋白质功能的重要性,许多的科研工作者都开始对影响蛋白质折叠速率的因素进行研究。各种预测参数和方法被提出。利用蛋白质编码序列的不同特征参数,不同的二级结构及不同的折叠类的蛋白质对折叠速率的不同影响,我们选取蛋白质编码序列的新的特征值,即选取蛋白质序列的LZ复杂度,等电点等特征值。然后把这些特征值与20种氨基酸的属性αc、Cα、K0、Pβ、Ra、ΔASA、PI、ΔGhD、Nm、LZ、Mu、El融合,建立多元线性回归模型,并利用回归模型计算了13个全α类蛋白质、18个全β类蛋白质、13个混合类蛋白质和39个未分类蛋白质的ln(kf)与预测值之间的相关系数分别达到0.89、0.93、0.98、0.86。在Jack-knife方法的验证下发现在不同的结构中混合特征值与相应折叠速率有很好的相关性。结果表明,在蛋白质折叠过程中,蛋白质序列的LZ复杂度、等电点等特征值可能影响蛋白质的折叠速率及其结构。  相似文献   

4.
mRNA的序列、结构以及翻译速率与蛋白质结构的关系   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
mRNA所包含的核苷酸序列通过三联体密码子决定了蛋白质的氨基酸序列。但是, 由于对氨基酸同义密码使用频率上的差异, 密码子与反密码子相互作用效率上的不同, 以及密码子上下文关系和mRNA 不同区域二级结构上的差异, 造成了核糖体对mRNA 不同区域翻译速度上的差异, 加之共翻译折叠的作用, 使得mRNA 的序列和结构影响着蛋白质空间结构的形成。  相似文献   

5.
从氨基酸序列预测蛋白质折叠速率   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
蛋白质折叠速率预测是当今生物物理学最具挑战性的课题之一.近年来,许多科研工作者开展了大量的研究工作来探索折叠速率的决定因素,许多参数和方法被相继提出.但氨基酸残基间的相互作用、氨基酸的序列顺序等信息对折叠速率的影响从未被提及.采用伪氨基酸组成的方法提取氨基酸的序列顺序信息,利用蒙特卡洛方法选择最佳特征因子,建立线性回归模型进行折叠速率预测.该方法能在不需要任何(显示)结构信息的情况下,直接从蛋白质的氨基酸序列出发对折叠速率进行预测.在Jackknife交互检验方法的验证下,对含有99个蛋白质的数据集,发现折叠速率的预测值与实验值有很好的相关性,相关系数能达到0.81,预测误差仅为2.54.这一精度明显优于其他基于序列的方法,充分说明蛋白质的序列顺序信息是影响蛋白质折叠速率的重要因素.  相似文献   

6.
理解蛋白质折叠速率是探明蛋白质结构和折叠机制物理基础的关键.蛋白质折叠速率的温度依赖关系是当前一个未解决的难题.假定蛋白质折叠是一个分子构象间的量子跃迁,导出了一个蛋白质折叠速率的解析公式.由此公式出发,计算了资料库中二态蛋白质的折叠速率和研究了它们的温度依赖性.从第一性原理出发,对实验给出的16个二态蛋白质折叠速率的非阿列尼乌斯(non-Arrhenius)温度关系给予成功解释,进而预测了这些蛋白质解折叠速率的温度依赖关系.依据量子折叠理论,给出了一个预测二态蛋白质折叠速率的统计公式,用于65个蛋白的资料库,理论和实验比较的相关系数为0.73.此外,理论还给出了与实验结果一致的最大和最小折叠速率估计.  相似文献   

7.
近年来,随着高精度的蛋白质折叠速率实验数据的不断积累,使得从蛋白质折叠速率角度研究蛋白质折叠机制的理论工作者,迎来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。然而,却有约100多个蛋白质的折叠速率实验数据散落在2个数据库和若干文献中。为了方便今后的理论工作分析,作者将这些散落数据汇集整理出来,构建了一个包含109个非冗余单体野生型蛋白质的折叠速率数据集,称为PFRD109(protein folding rate dataset 109)。PFRD109所包含的109个蛋白质中,有69个二态蛋白和40个多态蛋白,折叠速率从10-4到106s-1,跨度为10个数量级。链长最短的为16 aa,最长为390 aa,二态蛋白平均长度为78 aa,多态蛋白平均长度为137 aa。当前,生物信息学对蛋白质折叠速率的研究,主要集中于寻找与折叠速率和折叠动力学相关的各种生化参数或拓扑参数,进而实现对蛋白质折叠速率和蛋白质折叠动力学类型的预测。因此,本文还针对PFRD109数据集,就这两个方面进行了一些参数的统计分析。  相似文献   

8.
不少中学生物学教师对β-折叠划为蛋白质二级结构提出疑问,疑问的主要点是:蛋白质的二级结构是指一条多肽链的折叠盘绕方式,而β-折叠(不论是平行的或是反平行的)都是两条以上肽链折叠盘绕而成,一条与两条以上显然是不相等的。而所有研究蛋白质的论著都毫无置疑地把β-折叠列为二级结构,这应该怎样理解呢?本文试浅析如下: 二级结构的概念和特征蛋白质的分子量很大(约六千到一百万之间)。结构十分复杂。为了研究的方便,1952年Linderstrφm—Lang首先将蛋白质的结构划  相似文献   

9.
统计分析了人的 119种蛋白质和大肠杆菌的 92种蛋白质密码子翻译速率和蛋白质二级结构的关系。据m 密码子片段在不同二级结构中的频数分布 ,我们发现人和大肠杆菌中翻译速率与蛋白质二级结构之间有一定关系 :高翻译速率时倾向编码α螺旋、不倾向编码线团 (coil) ;低翻译速率时倾向编码线团、不倾向编码α螺旋 ;β折叠结构则随翻译速率表现出明显的振荡。同时 ,密码子的使用在不同片段内一般也是不均匀的 :在α螺旋片段内 ,结构尾部偏向使用高翻译速率密码子 ;中部倾向使用中翻译速率密码子 ;而头部使用的密码子翻译速率偏低。这样的倾向性不大可能归结为随机起伏的影响。  相似文献   

10.
把蛋白质折叠看成多肽链上扭转态间的量子跃迁, 依据构象动力学的量子理论, 提出用接触残基间多肽链转动惯量和扭转势能来表征接触特性的动力学接触序, 从而能定量地从动力学角度研究蛋白质折叠速率. 在80个蛋白的数据集上实验, 证实了构象量子跃迁观点的合理性并得到以下结论: (1) 折叠速率与接触转动惯量之间存在显著相关性; (2) 多态蛋白的折叠可以看成在同样转动惯量、温度等条件下的二态蛋白折叠基础上的中间态延迟, 并估计了延迟时间的数量级; (3) 折叠可以分为释能和吸能两类, 蛋白质折叠速率上限由释能折叠决定, 并导出大多数折叠速率大的二态蛋白的量子跃迁过程为释能反应, 而折叠速率小的多态蛋白为吸能反应.  相似文献   

11.
    
It is known that the peptide corresponding to the N-terminal beta-hairpin of ubiquitin, U(1-17), can populate the monomeric beta-hairpin conformation in aqueous solution. In this study, we show that the Gly-10 that forms the bulge of the beta-turn in this hairpin is very important to the stability of the hairpin. The deletion of this residue to desG10(1-16) unfolds the structure of the peptide in water. Even under denaturing conditions, this bulge appears to be important in maintaining the residual structure of ubiquitin, which involves tertiary interactions within the sequence 1 to 34 in the denatured state. We surmise that this residual structure functions as one of the nucleation centers in the folding process and is important in stabilizing the transition state. In accordance with this idea, deleting Gly-10 slows down the refolding and unfolding rate by about one half.  相似文献   

12.
Ahmed S  Guptasarma P 《Biochimie》2008,90(6):957-967
In an attempt to fashion a globular protein out of two conjoined beta hairpin structural motif(s), we created a gene encoding, in tandem, two copies of the 40 residues-long transmembrane beta hairpin tongue (BHT) motif of the pore-forming toxin, alpha-hemolysin, of Staphylococcus aureus. Seven selected hydrophobic residues on each copy of the BHT motif's lipid-facing surface were mutated to hydrophilic residues, to prevent or reduce any non-specific aggregation based on hydrophobic interactions. Tandem BHT turned out to be expressed as a soluble polypeptide which could be raised to concentrations of approximately 2mg/ml. It displayed several characteristics of a folded mini-protein, although not the characteristics of a typical well-folded globular protein. These characteristics include (i) far-UV CD and FTIR spectra indicative of the presence of sheet structure mixed with polyproline type II secondary structure, (ii) a near-UV CD spectrum, indicating some formation of tertiary structure, (iii) evidence of unfolding and dissociation transitions in the presence of denaturants, accompanied by increase in random coil content, and (iv) the ability to transform from sheet to helical structure through a biphasic structural transition in the presence of the cosolvent, trifluorethanol. Importantly, however, tandem BHT displayed no cooperativity during unfolding; taken together with the poor structural content revealed in the far-UV CD spectrum and some non-canonical gel filtration behavior seen in the presence of denaturants, this suggests a partially unsuccessful instance of protein design.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Jia M  Luo L  Liu C 《Biopolymers》2004,73(1):16-26
A new integrated sequence-structure database, called IADE (Integrated ASTRAL-DSSP-EMBL), incorporating matching mRNA sequence, amino acid sequence, and protein secondary structural data, is constructed. It includes 648 protein domains. Based on the IADE database, we studied the relation between RNA stem-loop frequencies and protein secondary structure. It was found that the alpha-helices and beta-strands on proteins tend to be preferably \"coded\" by mRNA stem region, while the coils on proteins tend to be preferably \"coded\" by mRNA loop region. These tendencies are more obvious if we observe the structural words (SWs). An SW is defined by a four-amino-acid-fragment that shows the pronounced secondary structural (alpha-helix or beta-strand) propensity. It is demonstrated that the deduced correlation between protein and mRNA structure can hardly be explained as the stochastic fluctuation effect.  相似文献   

14.
The equilibrium and kinetic folding/unfolding of apomyoglobin (ApoMb) were studied at pH 6.2, 11 °C by recording tryptophan fluorescence. The equilibrium unfolding of ApoMb in the presence of urea was shown to involve accumulation of an intermediate state, which had a higher fluorescence intensity as compared with the native and unfolded states. The folding proceeded through two kinetic phases, a rapid transition from the unfolded to the intermediate state and a slow transition from the intermediate to the native state. The accumulation of the kinetic intermediate state was observed in a wide range of urea concentrations. The intermediate was detected even in the region corresponding to the unfolding limb of the chevron plot. Urea concentration dependence was obtained for the observed folding/unfolding rate. The shape of the dependence was compared with that of two-state proteins characterized by a direct transition from the unfolded to the native state.  相似文献   

15.
    
While our understanding of the folding and structure of water‐soluble proteins has progressed to the point where they can be artificially designed and produced from first principles, there has been only limited work toward the de novo design of membrane proteins. Such studies have been hindered in large part due to the practical challenges in the production and characterization of multispanning transmembrane (TM) proteins that arise from their highly hydrophobic character. In this work, we used molecular biology cloning techniques to produce a library of partially randomized Ala‐ and Ile‐rich de novo helix–loop–helix (hairpin) TM constructs as models for tertiary TM–TM folding. From this plasmid DNA library, we selected sequences corresponding to hairpins with 0, 1, or 2 putative TM segments. While purification protocols could be adapted for application with a broad range of designed protein hairpins, bacterial expression of constructs with multiple predicted TM segments was limited as it is with native membrane proteins. Examples of the peptide hairpins obtained were characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence, and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). We found that hairpins composed of two TM segments display characteristic behavior on detergent solubilization, such as an increase in helical structure (vs. that in aqueous buffer), and sequence‐dependent migration rates in SDS‐PAGE analysis—features that may serve as structural hallmarks to verify dual TM topology in hairpin sequences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 546–556, 2012.  相似文献   

16.
  总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
We previously identified and characterized amino acid substitutions in a loop connecting helix I to strand B, the alphaI/betaB loop, of the N-domain that are critical for in vivo folding of the maltose-binding protein (MalE31). The tertiary context-dependence of this mutation in MalE folding was assessed by probing the tolerance of an equivalent alphabeta loop of the C-domain to the same amino acid substitutions (MalE219). Moving the loop mutation from the N- to the C-domain eliminated the in vivo misfolding step that led to the formation of inclusion bodies. In vitro, both loop variants exhibited an important decrease of stability, but their intrinsic tendency to aggregate was well correlated with their periplasmic fates in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the noncoincidence of the unfolding and refolding transition curves and increase of light scattering during the refolding of MalE31 indicate that a competing off-pathway reaction could occurs on the folding pathway of this variant. These results strongly support the notion that the formation of super-secondary structures of the N-domain is a rate-limiting step in the folding pathway of MalE.  相似文献   

17.
Zur H  Tuller T 《EMBO reports》2012,13(3):272-277
One of the open questions in regulatory genomics is how the efficiency of gene translation is encoded in the coding sequence. Here we analyse recently generated measurements of folding energy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showing that genes with high protein abundance tend to have strong mRNA folding (mF; R=0.68). mF strength also strongly correlates with ribosomal density and mRNA levels, suggesting that this relation at least partially pertains to the efficiency of translation elongation, presumably by preventing aggregation of mRNA molecules.  相似文献   

18.
    
Lee J  Dubey VK  Somasundaram T  Blaber M 《Proteins》2006,62(3):686-697
Human acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) is a member of the beta-trefoil superfold, a protein architecture that exhibits a characteristic threefold axis of structural symmetry. FGF-1 contains 11 beta-turns, the majority being type I 3:5; however, a type I 4:6 turn is also found at three symmetry-related locations. The relative uniqueness of the type I 4:6 turn in the FGF-1 structure suggests it may play a key role in the stability, folding, or function of the protein. To test this hypothesis a series of deletion mutations were constructed, the aim of which was to convert existing type I 4:6 turns at two locations into type I 3:5 turns. The results show it is possible to successfully substitute the type I 4:6 turn by a type I 3:5 turn with minimal impact upon protein stability or folding. Thus, these different turn structures, even though they differ in length, exhibit similar energetic properties. Additional sequence swapping mutations within the introduced type I 3:5 turns suggests that the turn sequence primarily affects stability but not turn structure (which appears dictated primarily by the local environment). Although the results suggest that a stable, foldable beta-trefoil protein may be designed utilizing a single turn type (type I 3:5), a type I 4:6 turn at turn 1 of FGF-1 appears essential for efficient mitogenic function.  相似文献   

19.
    
Protein folding speeds are known to vary over more than eight orders of magnitude. Plaxco, Simons, and Baker (see References) first showed a correlation of folding speed with the topology of the native protein. That and subsequent studies showed, if the native structure of a protein is known, its folding speed can be predicted reasonably well through a correlation with the \"localness\" of the contacts in the protein. In the present work, we develop a related measure, the geometric contact number, N (alpha), which is the number of nonlocal contacts that are well-packed, by a Voronoi criterion. We find, first, that in 80 proteins, the largest such database of proteins yet studied, N (alpha) is a consistently excellent predictor of folding speeds of both two-state fast folders and more complex multistate folders. Second, we show that folding rates can also be predicted from amino acid sequences directly, without the need to know the native topology or other structural properties.  相似文献   

20.
Experimental data on the structure of the transition state demonstrate that proteins with the same topology as a rule have similar folding nuclei (the structured formed part of the transition state). In this review discussed are the experimental works showing that the position of folding nuclei is different among proteins with the same topology. These facts emphasize that the folding pathway is sensitive to the details of amino acid sequence.  相似文献   

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