微生物细胞表面呈现技术研究进展

微生物细胞表面工程是近年来发展起来的,它利用细胞表面展示技术使外源蛋白固定化于细胞表面,从而生产微生物细胞表面蛋白。微生物细胞表面工程可用于细胞催化剂、细胞吸附剂、活疫苗、生物传感器的开发等。微生物细胞表面工程具有广阔的应用前景,但是国内对这一领域的研究刚起步。在介绍细胞表面工程的基础上,对微生物细胞表面工程技术进展进行了综述,展望了对该技术的发展。     

微生物细胞表面工程研究进展*

微生物细胞表面工程是近年来发展起来的,它利用细胞表面展示技术使外源蛋白固定化于细胞表面,从而生产微生物细胞表面蛋白。微生物细胞表面工程可用于细胞催化剂、细胞吸附剂、活疫苗、生物传感器的开发等。微生物细胞表面工程具有广阔的应用前景,但是国内对这一领域的研究尚刚起步。在介绍了细胞表面工程的基础上,对微生物细胞表面工程技术进展进行了综述,并对该技术的发展给予展望。     

用人胚肺二倍体细胞株分离一株甲型肝炎病毒

自甲型肝炎患者粪便中分离到一株甲型肝炎病毒(TZ-84)。病毒不产生细胞病变,胞浆中有颗粒性荧光。细胞中的病毒抗原能被抗甲肝病毒抗体阳性血清所中和。 TZ-84株病毒耐酸,耐乙醚。免疫电镜见有大量直径27～30mm的甲肝病毒颗粒,以空心为主。将其接种细胞后的黑暗期随传代而缩短,病毒滴度则随传代而增加。将细胞粉碎后获得的病毒。ELISA滴度为1:16。用其检测45份人血清中抗HAV-IgM抗体,并与Abbott ELISA药盒比较,符合率为91.1％,敏感度为87.1％。     

Perspectives on microbial cell surface display in bioremediation

The display of heterologous proteins on the microbial cell surface by means of recombinant DNA biotechnologies has emerged as a novel approach for bioremediation of contaminated sites. Both bacteria and yeasts have been investigated for this purpose. Cell surface expression of specific proteins allows the engineered microorganisms to transport, bio-accumulate and/or detoxify heavy metals as well as to degrade xenobiotics. These otherwise would not be taken up and transformed by the microbial cell. This review focuses on the application of cell surface displays for the enhanced bio-accumulation of heavy metals by metal binding proteins. It also reviews the biodegradation of xenobiotics by enzymes/proteins expressed on microbial cell surfaces.     

杆状病毒表面展示系统研究进展

杆状病毒表面展示系统是近年发展起来的一种新的真核生物表面展示系统.通过与病毒衣壳或囊膜蛋白融合表达,可以将外源肽展示在杆状病毒表面,形成刺猬状\"伪病毒\".该文结合作者本人的实际工作,简要介绍此系统的原理、特点,并综述其在单抗制备、新型疫苗研制、基因转导与基因治疗等领域的最新研究进展.相信经过改进与优化,其可展现出更广阔的应用前景.     

AcMNPV的囊膜形成与囊膜蛋白gp64在细胞内的定位

应用电镜观察了重组AcMNPV感染的Sf9细胞,结果表明该病毒的囊膜形成至少有两种形式：一是通过细胞质膜上出芽,二是在核内被膜结构包围而获得囊膜,此外通过核膜出芽也可能是病毒获得囊膜的一种方式。应用免疫荧光技术研究了该病毒在Sf9细胞内囊膜的形成及其与病毒囊膜蛋白gp64间的关系,结果表明gp64主要存在于细胞的质膜与核膜上。该存在方式使得通过出芽而获得囊膜的病毒粒子与核内包被产生的病毒粒子在囊膜成分上有很大差异。     

Construction of a novel synergistic system for production and recovery of secreted recombinant proteins by the cell surface engineering

We determined whether the cocultivation of yeast cells displaying a ZZ-domain and secreting an Fc fusion protein can be a novel tool for the recovery of secreted recombinant proteins. The ZZ-domain from Staphylococcus aureus protein A was displayed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the GAL1 promoter. Strain S. cerevisiae BY4742 cells displaying the ZZ-domain on their surface were used for cocultivation with cells that produce a target protein fused to the Fc fragment as an affinity tag. The enhanced green fluorescent protein or Rhizopus oryzae lipase was genetically fused to the N and C termini of the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G, respectively. Through analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and enzymatic assay, it was demonstrated that these fusion proteins are successfully produced in the medium and recovered by affinity binding with the cell surface displaying the ZZ-domain. These results suggest that the ZZ-domain-displaying cell and Fc fusion protein-secreting cell can be applied to use in synergistic process of production and recovery of secreted recombinant proteins.     

杆状病毒表达载体的应用现状

杆状病毒是一类具有囊膜的双链环状DNA病毒,主要感染无脊椎动物,在病毒生活周期中会产生两种不同形态的病毒粒子:出芽型病毒粒子(BV),主要负责细胞之间的感染;包埋型病毒粒子(ODV),主要负责虫体之间的感染。随着对杆状病毒研究的不断深入,人们对杆状病毒的应用也越来越广泛,通过对病毒基因组的改造使其成为一种新颖的真核表达载体,现已被广泛应用于蛋白生产中;其次,由于杆状病毒特有的形态,可将靶蛋白展示在病毒粒子表面,进而被应用于诸如医药、临床和生物等多个研究领域中;此外,杆状病毒不能在哺乳动物细胞中进行复制,也不会在这类细胞中增殖和扩散。因此,杆状病毒不会刺激哺乳动物产生强烈的免疫应答,也不会对它们造成功能性的损伤,这些特性使其成为一种极具应用前景的基因治疗载体,给肿瘤治疗、组织再生和靶向给药等民生领域带来福音。本文就杆状病毒在蛋白表达、表面展示和基因治疗方面的研究进行综述,为杆状病毒的分子改造和临床应用提供依据。     

Association of Thy-1 cell surface differentiation antigen with certain connective tissues in vivo

Summary The cell surface differentiation antigen, Thy-1, has been demonstrated by immunofluorescence to be associated with some collagen-based connective tissue. In the rat, the basement membrane of kidney collecting tubules and of certain blood vessels, reticulin of the lamina propria, loose connective tissue in the dermis, and collagen fibres within certain nerve cell tumours, bear the antigen. Other, apparently similar, connective tissue (especially that of muscle and liver) lacked Thy-1. In the mouse, only the connective tissue of the skin was found to bear the antigen. The possible origin of this extracellular Thy-1, and its implications for the function of the molecule, are discussed.Part of this work was supported by grant no. NS10861 from the National Institute of Health and no. BNS 77-15818 from the National Science Foundation, awarded to Dr. S.E. Pfeiffer     

Protective immunity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis>-synthesized NS1 protein of Japanese encephalitis virus

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS1 proteins generated using DNA vaccines and recombinant viruses have been demonstrated to induce protection in mice against a challenge of JEV at a lethal dose. The West Nile virus NS1 region expressed in E. coli is recognized by these protective monoclonal antibodies and, in this study, we compare immunogenicity and protective immunity of the E. coli-synthesized NS1 protein with another protective immunogen, the envelope domain III (ED3). Pre-challenge, detectable titers of JEV-specific neutralizing antibody were detected in the immunized mice with E. coli-synthesized ED3 protein (PRNT50 = 1:28) and the attenuated JEV strain T1P1 (PRNT50 = 1:53), but neutralizing antibodies were undetectable in the immunized mice with E. coli-synthesized NS1 protein (PRNT50 < 1:10). However, the survival rate of the NS1-immunized mice against the JEV challenge was 87.5% (7/8), showing significantly higher levels of protection than the ED3-immunized mice, 62.5% (5/8) (P = 0.041). In addition, E. coli-synthesized NS1 protein induced a significant increase of anti-NS1 IgG1 antibodies, resulting in an ELISA titer of 100,1000 in the immunized sera before lethal JEV challenge. Surviving mice challenged with the virulent JEV strain Beijing-1 showed a ten-fold or greater rise in IgG1 and IgG2b titers of anti-NS1 antibodies, implying that the Th2 cell activation might be predominantly responsible for antibody responses and mice protection.     

Surface Display of Domain Ⅲ of Japanese Encephalitis Virus E Protein on Salmonella Typhimurium by Using an Ice Nucleation Protein

A bacterial cell surface display technique based on an ice nucleation protein has been employed for the development of live vaccine against viral infection.Due to its ubiquitous ability to invade host cells,Salmonella typhimurium might be a good candidate for displaying viral antigens.We demonstrated the surface display of domain III of Japanese encephalitis virus E protein and the enhanced green fluorescent protein on S.typhimurium BRD509 using the ice nucleation protein.The effects of the motif in the ice nucleation protein on the effective display of integral protein were also investigated.The results showed that display motifs in the protein can target integral foreign protein on the surface of S.typhimurium BRD509.Moreover,recombinant strains with surface displayed viral proteins retained their invasiveness,suggesting that the recombinant S.typhimurium can be used as live vaccine vector for eliciting complete immunogenicity.The data may yield better understanding of the mechanism by which ice nucleation protein displays foreign proteins in the Salmonella strain.     

The epizootiology of the baculovirus of the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) in Tonga

The incidence and distribution of the baculovirus of the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle was determined in Tongatapu, Tonga, 7 years after being first introduced. Surveys showed the virus to be spread throughout the beetle population, affecting 14.6% of breeding sites and over 84% of all adult beetles taken. Counts of damaged palms and of breeding site occupancy indicated that beetle numbers had remained at low levels. It appears that the virus has the potential for long-term control of beetle populations in these habitats.     

Biochemical Approaches to Problems of Cellular Patterning*†

SYNOPSIS. The expression of intracellular patterning is perhaps nowhere more impressive than in the arrangements of structural elements associated with the cell surface in protozoa. The view is proposed that biochemical studies of protozoan plasma membranes and associated surface structures represent important contributions of potential significance for the understanding of the perpetuation, and expression of positional information at the intracellular level. Some recent work dealing with the isolation, identification, and metabolism of pellicular proteins in Tetrahymena is presented and discussed. Some integral membrane proteins have been identified by iodination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Labeling studies suggest heterogeneous turnover rates within the group of presently identified membrane proteins. High molecular weight proteins with some similarity to spectrin have been isolated from Tetrahymena epiplasm. It is suggested that the ciliate epiplasm is one example of membrane-associated, actomyosin-like systems found in a variety of cell types. The epiplasm may play a role in the positioning of surface-associated structures and in the control of cell shape.     

Surface Display of Domain Ⅲ of Japanese Encephalitis Virus E Protein on Salmonella Typhimurium by Using an Ice Nucleation Protein

A bacterial cell surface display technique based on an ice nucleation protein has been employed for the development of live vaccine against viral infection. Due to its ubiquitous ability to invade host cells, Salmonella typhimurium might be a good candidate for displaying viral antigens. We demonstrated the surface display of domain III of Japanese encephalitis virus E protein and the enhanced green fluorescent protein on S. typhimurium BRD509 using the ice nucleation protein. The effects of the motif in th...     

利用N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶在乳酸乳球菌表面展示超氧化物歧化酶

分别将乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶基因(acmA)的信号肽序列(ss)、C-末端结构域(cA)及全长基因,与来自大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因sod构建成融合基因ss-cA-sod和acmA-sod,并连接于表达载体pMG36K,然后导入乳酸乳球菌ATCC11454菌株,获得了能在细胞表面展示SOD的重组工程菌MB193和MB194。经SDS-PAGE验证,重组菌MB193和MB194可分别表达产生分子量约为46和64kD的融合酶蛋白cA-SOD和AcmA-SOD。通过黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定MB193和MB194菌株的全细胞Mn-SOD酶活力分别为(2.63±0.51)U/mL和(3.51±0.64)U/mL,明显高于仅在细胞内表达产生SOD的对照重组菌MB192的酶活性(1.53±0.38)U/mL,且表达融合酶AcmA-SOD的重组菌MB194具有最大的表面展示效率(56.4%)。     

The Immobilization Antigens of Tetrahymena thermophila Are Glycoproteins

ABSTRACT The four immobilization antigens controlled by the SerH locus in Tetrahymena thermophila have been isolated and partially characterized (Doerder, F. P. & Berkowitz, M. S. 1986. Purification and partial characterization of the H immobilization antigens of Tetrahymena thermophila. J. Protozool. , 33 :204–208). We show here, using immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis after labeling with ³⁵S-methionine, ¹⁴C-mannose, ¹⁴C-glucosamine, and N-Acetyl- d -[1-³H]glucosamine, that these proteins are glycosylated. We suggest the immobilization antigens in Tetrahymena may be anchored to the surface membrane by phosphatidylinositol glycans.