团头鲂在花马湖的引种试验

本文介绍了花马湖养殖场在增殖团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala Yih)方面的经验。团头鲂在人工饲养的条件下,通过鲤鱼脑垂体催情,能人为地控制产卵。脑垂体的剂量为雌鱼6—8毫克／公斤,雄鱼5毫克／公斤或不注射。花马湖面积17,000亩,水草茂盛。引种后的团头鲂,在湖里已有其产卵场和越冬场所。团头鲂在湖中生长良好;春放8-10厘米的鱼种,冬季可长到200克(150—300克),第二年长到450克(300—650克)。在人工放养的年份,年产量在总渔获量中已往一般占2—3％,1974年达5％。投放大量大规格鱼种,才能使团头鲂在湖中稳产高产。1973年投放8．3厘米以上的团头鲂春片鱼种20万尾,当年产量为2万余斤。1974年投放春片鱼种30万尾,产量达4万余斤;仅夏、秋季敞水除野“卡子”业司,每天每船可捕获150—250克的团头鲂8-10市斤,占船产量的40％左右,是历年罕见的现象。     

鄂东花马潮水生高等植物研究——Ⅱ.水生植被

花马湖位于湖北省鄂州市境内,面积约27.5km~2。湖中分布有水生高等植物82种2变种。花马湖水生植被可分为15个群丛,其中菱群丛、竹叶眼子菜群丛、金鱼藻+狐尾藻+菹草+苦草群丛较为重要。湖中水生植波呈不规则的环带状分布,并可划分为湿生、挺水、浮叶和沉水4个植被带,各带均有相应的群丛分布。     

三种不同类型养殖湖泊浮游生物的比较

目前,我国一般大、中城市近郊的水产养殖湖泊,按其常年肥源、水化学与生物学特征、渔业利用价值为分类标准,大致可分成三个类型。 (一)清水湖 一般是大、中型湖泊,面积自数千亩至数万亩不等,水草多,水质较贫瘦,清野不彻底,放养密度很稀,鱼种投放后,一般不施肥投饵,任其利用湖中现成的天然饵料生长,到一定时间捕捞,成鱼产量(以下简称渔产量)很低,亩产仅几斤至20斤左右,属于“广种薄收”类型的养殖水体。     

鸭儿湖污染治理研究

鸭儿湖污染是通过氧化塘系统控制的。氧化塘系统,由四个串联氧化塘组成,总面积为2800亩,塘深3米,当废水量为7万吨/天时停留时间为80天。并利用净化后的废水培育鱼种(鱼种塘),通过菌—藻—浮游动物—鱼的相互作用,以鱼种形式回收部分营养元素。以解决在氧化塘沿岸的东西排灌渠12.8公里两岸人民的灌溉水和饮用水的污染问题。从1976年底氧化塘初步建成,四年运转结果表明:COD、有机磷、对硝基酚、对硫磷、马拉硫磷、乐果和六六六处理效果分别为77.3、82.5、99.3、98.7、98.4、92.9和86.2%。每天实际废水负荷为8万吨。1977年以来水生态系逐渐得到恢复,至1979年鱼的畸型率下降到0.1%。鱼体内(背肌)六六六残留从15—30毫克/公斤下降到0.155毫克/公斤,农作物中六六六的残留1979年比氧化塘建立之前降低了2.7—9.4倍。       

湖泥施肥的研究 Ⅰ.通过湖泥矿化进行水体施肥

一、绪言1958年9月—1959年9月在湖北黄石市北郊花马湖(鄂城县境)进行湖泥施肥试验,在室内、室外先后试验了35次,历时343天,在党的正确领导和全体工作人员的积极努力下,利用湖泥施肥的方法获得了成功。湖泊底泥里面,有腐烂的水草碎片、浮游植物及水生动物的尸体残骸等淤积;加之,由于雨水将地面冲下来的表层富有机质肥土也沉积于底部,因此,一般湖泊的底泥都很肥,常厚达0.5—1.0米以上;pH 值介于5.2—7.0间;无机酸度(以甲基橙作指示剂)为零,总酸度(以酚酞作指示剂)介于0.16—0.46毫克当量(NaOH)/升间,主要是由于淤泥中有机物质分解过程中所产生的弱酸(有机酸)所致。通常1,000斤干湖泥中含氮4—5斤,磷     

一例团头鲂多形性横纹肌肉瘤的研究

作者于1985年11月24日,在上海市南汇县水产养殖场采集到患有多形性横纹肌肉瘤的团头鲂(Aegalobrama amblycephala)一尾,全长24.8厘米,体重220克,2龄。     

四川省江津地区淡水鱼苗种阶段的寄生虫初步调查

作者于1976—1978年对江津地区各主要鱼种场站进行了寄生虫的调查,现将调查结果报告如下: 被检标本 (一)夏季鱼苗检查鱼苗主要取自合川、江津、铜梁、永川、壁山等县鱼种站。主要鱼类有草鱼112尾、鲢鱼99尾、鳙鱼98尾,鲤鱼101尾(其中包括红鲤28尾)、团头鲂34尾。     

淤泥湖团头鲂的生长与繁殖—兼谈资源的保护

本文报道我国团头鲂原种主要基地之一淤泥湖的团头鲂的生长与繁殖。退算平均体长1龄鱼为12.38厘米,2龄鱼为22.28厘米,3龄鱼为27.95厘米。体长体重关系式为W=0.0162L~(3.1818)。von Bertalanfty生长方程为L_t=64.90(1—e~(-0.1791(t+0.8779),W_t-9456.86—e~(0.1791(t+0.8779))~3。生长拐点为4.6年。1~+—3~+鱼的绝对繁殖力为35700—248400粒,与年龄呈正相关,而在同一龄组内,又与体长及体重呈正相关。产卵前成熟系数为11.19—25.76％,卵径0.98—1.14毫米。还讨论了淤泥湖团头鲂原种种群的保护问题。     

武昌东湖渔获物的分析研究及合理放养的初步探讨

本文研究了武昌东湖1973-1975年度渔获物的情况,并从鱼类生态学的角度探讨了东湖合理放养的若干问题。东湖是养殖湖泊。在不投饵的情况下,年产量从1971年的36．5万斤,逐年上升到1975年的81万斤,折合亩产36．8斤。渔获物中放养鱼类占88—96％,主要为鲢、鳙,其次是草鱼。其他野杂鱼所占比例很小。通过对不同规格的鱼种的生长率和回捕率的分析,表明鱼种规格越大,回捕率越高,生长速度越快。根据三年来渔获物的分析,本文最后讨论了东湖渔业的生产潜力和合理放养问题,提出了对现有鱼类种群结构进行调整的建议。     

大水面培育大规格鱼种的试验——1972—1975年工作总结

投放4寸(13.3厘米)以上的大规格鱼种,是大、中型湖泊、水库渔业增产的一个关键措施。为了培育足够数量的优质鱼种,进行了土堤湖汉、网拦湖湾和网箱培育鱼种等一系列试验。证明利用湖汊、湖湾等天然水面培育鱼种既能发挥空间因素的作用,又能使水中的天然饵料资源得到较好的利用,从而克服当前鱼种生产上鱼池面积不足的困难,节约商品饵料的使用,是获得大量优质鱼种的一条有效途径。本文总结了三年来的试验结果和体会。       

Restoration of naturally reproducing and resident riverine lake sturgeon populations through capture and transfer

The Winnebago System, Wisconsin, is home to one of the largest Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens populations in North America. Although there are >50 known spawning sites utilized by Lake Sturgeon in the 200 km of the lower Wolf River upstream of Lake Winnebago, the construction of two dams >90 years ago eliminated the ability of Lake Sturgeon to access 18.5 km of river up to their ancestral spawning grounds below Keshena Falls. Given the cultural importance of sturgeon to the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin, expanded efforts aimed at restoring Lake Sturgeon spawning and a resident population to the upper Wolf River commenced in 2011. To meet these objectives, 100 or more Lake Sturgeon per year were captured below the dams, and transferred upstream to the Wolf River within the Menominee Reservation. All transferred fish were PIT tagged and 245 fish were surgically implanted with 10 year acoustic transmitters to determine spawning locations and monitor post‐release movement. The first five transfer cohorts contained 621 Lake Sturgeon, with spawning activity observed below Keshena Falls each spring following release. Gravid fish transferred within 3 weeks of spawning exhibited higher spawning rates above the upstream dam (70.2% females; 73.9% males) than gravid fish transferred in late fall (41.8% females; 41.2% males). Spawning documented below Keshena Falls and within the Red River represent the first spawning activity at these locations in >100 years. Lake Sturgeon transferred in early fall displayed higher retention rates, 2‐5 years post‐tagging, in the pool upstream of both dams (10.4%) compared to the late fall (3.1%) and spring transfers (7.4%). Natural reproduction was documented through capture of larval Lake Sturgeon immediately below Keshena Falls in 2013. These results demonstrate that capture and transfer can be utilized as a cost‐effective and biologically‐effective tool for Lake Sturgeon spawning stock and population restoration.     

葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后对青、草、鲢、鳙繁殖生态效应的研究

本文分析了葛洲坝枢纽截流后,大坝上、下游草、青、鲢、鳙的繁殖条件,产卵场位置,产卵规模,鱼卵、鱼苗成色以及4种鱼的群体组成等。指出除原宜昌产卵场发生变化外,其余产卵场基本存在,并在上游新发现了几处产卵场。讨论了大坝对4种鱼的影响程度和上游存在草鱼地方性群体,论证了4种鱼不必过坝产卵的理由。       

东海带鱼春、夏和秋季产卵群体的生殖周期特性与种群问题

东海带鱼有春、夏和秋季生殖之别,秋季并出现分群现象。带鱼第一个生殖周期与其出生季节相适应;从第二个生殖周期开始则消失了与出生季节的相应关系。根据种群结构的组成特性以及耳石相对生长的分析,从种群概念上阐明了不同季节出生的带鱼群体的相互关系。论证了春、夏和秋季产卵群体系为同一种群的不同生物学群。文中讨论了种下阶元的不同分化程度和位置:繁殖群(种群)——繁殖下群——生物学群。     

Homing precision of roach Rutilus rutilus in Lake Arungen,Norway

Synopsis The present study tests the precision of repeat homing of roach, Rutilus rutilus, to two tributaries of a small Norwegian Lake, Årungen. A sample of 19 959 spawners was tagged or marked in the spawning area. After spawning the roach intermingled with other spawning demes in the lake. The year after marking, 2515 (12.6%) roach were recaptured during spawning in the five tributaries, 340 (13.5) of these were strayers. This straying is considerably larger than found in comparable autumn spawning species, but approximately the same as reported for other spring spawning species. The recapture rate was lower for females than for males, probably due to increased female mortality induced by the tagging manipulation.     

Comparison of brook trout reproductive success and recruitment in an acidic adirondack lake following whole lake liming and watershed liming

Limestone applications to the catchment of one tributary to Woods Lake were highly effective in reducing stream acidity and stabilizing seasonal fluctuations in pH. The resulting improvement in stream water quality also led to a dramatic shift in reproductive strategy of the Woods Lake brook trout population. Prior to catchment liming, brook trout in Woods Lake were restricted to spawning on poor quality near shore substrate with limited ground water seepage. Reproductive success was limited by high mortality of eggs and larvae and recruitment from in lake spawning was not successful. Spawning brook trout did not utilize the tributary for spawning prior to watershed liming. Mitigation of acidity in the tributary, by catchment liming, effectively extended the spawning habitat available to the Woods Lake brook trout population and one year following treatment brook trout spawned successfully in the tributary for the first time in 6 years of observation. Significant recruitment of young trout into the lake population occurred from 1991 through 1993, although the absolute number of fish captured was relatively small. In the fall of 1993, four year classes of naturally spawned brook trout were present in the lake. Although reproductive success was enhanced by improving tributary spawning habitat in the Woods Lake basin, self maintenance of the population may be limited by low recruitment rates of young trout, due to high levels of summer mortality resulting from predation. Mitigation of this constraint would require substantially higher levels of fry production than were observed in Woods Lake and/or enhanced refugia for young trout. The results of this experiment suggest that re-establishment of tributary spawning populations of brook trout may be possible, with future reductions in acidic deposition, in acidic Adirondack lakes with limited in-lake spawning habitat.     

Influence of temperature and size of females on the timing of spawning of perch,Perca fluviatilis,in Lake Geneva from 1984 to 1993

Synopsis The influence of temperature and the size of reproducing females on the timing of spawning of perch in Lake Geneva has been studied for 10 consecutive years (1984–1993) by means of artificial spawning substrates. The clutch of perch is an egg ribbon with a width proportional to the size of the reproducing female, so that the size structure distribution of the female population can be estimated from measurements of the width of the egg ribbons. The survey of egg-ribbon size revealed a succession of 3 cycles (period of increasing mean size followed by a sharp decrease) lasting 3, 3 and 4 years which were due to the occurrence of 3 strong year classes born in 1982, 1985 and 1988 respectively. This phenomenon can be explained by the effect of intraspecific predation exerted by strong year classes on the offspring of the 2 following years rather than by fluctuations in the success of reproduction in relation to climatic changes. In Lake Geneva, perch spawn in May. The water temperature exerted only a minor influence on the date of the beginning of the spawning period but had a greater effect on its intensity. A rise in temperature in May stimulated spawning while bad weather decreased spawning intensity. The larger perch had a tendency to spawn later than the small ones. The date of the mid-spawning period was well correlated with the yearly mean width of perch egg ribbons but no correlation could be detected between it and the water temperature.     

The migration of spawning stocks of graylingThymallus thymallus, in Lake Mjøsa, Norway

Synopsis The migration of grayling was studied in Lake Mjøsa and 13 of its tributaries in which grayling spawn. The study demonstrate that grayling spawn in creeks in May/June and leave for Lake Mjøsa shortly after spawning to return the next spring. Once mature, the grayling spawn every year. Grayling mix in the lake and are found at a mean distance of 11.9 km from the estuary of their spawning creek in September. Grayling embryos hatch in June and the juveniles stay in the tributaries until September/October. Grayling spend the winter months in the lake. Out of 1599 grayling tagged in tributaries during the spawning season, 240 of 284 recaptures (84.5%) were made in subsequent spawning seasons in the same tributary in which they were first tagged. Forty-four grayling were recaptured in adjacent tributaries. These results demonstrate that, despite the fact that all grayling leave the tributaries and mix in the lake, there is a high precision of homing. It is suggested that the grayling population in lake Mjøsa is composed of stocks using specific tributaries for spawning.     

Biology of carpione, Salmo carpio L., an endemic species of Lake Garda (Italy)

Biological and ecological aspects of Lake Garda carpione, Salmo carpio L. , are reported. This study reports lower catches and it is suggested that fewer carpione are now in this lake. Opercula and scales have been used for ageing fish and determining the growth rates. Life expectancy does not exceed five winters. Males became sexually active at 2 years (=winters) of age and females at 3 years of age, however, full spawning capability is achieved only in the following year. Our data confirm that carpione have two spawning seasons: winter (a long period) and summer (a shorter one). Carpione are not exclusively planktivorous but adapt their feeding habits to the environment and change the manner and time of their feeding.     

鄱阳湖渔业资源现状及其环境监测

1997－1999年对鄱阳湖区渔业资源与环境进行了动态监测,统计渔获物2778kg,生物学测定1627尾,采集到鱼类122种,隶属于12目21科77属,其中鲤科鱼类种类最多,计65种,占53．3％,湖区渔获物个体偏小,以1－2龄鱼为主,鲤、鲫基本上是当年鱼,鄱阳湖现有鲤,鲫产卵场33处,主要分布在湖区东,南,西部,年均有效产卵面积616．66km^2,年均产卵量56．85亿,鄱阳湖区湖口,蛤蟆石,星子,康山水域湖水的pH,COD,Cr^ 6,Cd,Zn,Cu,Pb,总磷,氨氮,总汞均未超过渔业水质标准,鄱阳湖区水质良好。     

Spawning lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) and their habitat characteristics in Rainy River,Ontario and Minnesota

Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning habitat in the Rainy River was studied in light of the ongoing review of the rules governing water levels upstream that affect discharge rates through the International Falls dam. The objectives of this study were to assess the current status of spawning Lake Sturgeon below the dam by: (i) evaluating weight–length relationships, condition, age and growth; (ii) identifying spawning locations and characterizing its physical attributes; and, (iii) evaluating the effects of water surface elevation on the availability of spawning habitat. Spawning was confirmed with use of egg mats, and targeted sampling of spawning individuals was completed using gillnets and electrofishing. Physical attributes of spawning locations, including temperature, depth and water velocity were collected at a range of water levels using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and representative sediment sampling. Biological characteristics and timing of spawning events were consistent with those previously reported for Lake Sturgeon. However, a wider range of depths (0.3–10.5 m) and velocities (0.01–1.9 m³/s) than reported in most single site studies was found here, with the ranges encompassing what is reported in the literature as a whole. Lake Sturgeon were found to prefer coarse spawning substrates dominated by bedrock, boulder or cobble. The availability of preferred spawning habitat varied significantly with the changing water levels observed during the study and was eventually limited at higher water levels by river channel form. Because of the implications for dewatering of nest sites, keeping flows constant during spawning is critical to Rainy River Lake Sturgeon spawning success.