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褐稻虱求偶鸣声和交尾行为 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens(stl)成虫交尾前均发出由固体介质(寄主植株)传播的声信号,用于个体间联系。信号产生于伴随腹部振动的摩擦发声过程,具有种的专一性,能联络、识别同种异性个体,刺激性兴奋和为雄虫寻觅雌虫定向,对求偶和完成交尾具有重要意义。为害水稻的与为害李氏禾属杂草Leersia hexandra(Swartz)的生物型之间,鸣声声学特征存在明显差异,构成型间杂交的某些障碍;而为害水稻的四种生物型之间无显著差异。 相似文献
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鸟类的鸣唱具有吸引配偶和保卫领域的功能,多为雀形目雄性鸟类发出,在其婚配、繁殖中起重要作用。非雀形目鸟类缺乏内鸣肌,发出的声音较为单调。但杜鹃科(Cuculidae)等少数非雀形目鸟类,利用鸣叫来吸引异性和宣示领域,功能上类似雀形目鸟类的鸣唱。鸟类在繁殖期面临觅食等基本生理活动与求偶行为的时间权衡。而鸣唱是雄性鸟类在繁殖期耗能较多的求偶行为,鸣唱的活跃程度受到外界环境和鸟类自身习性的影响。通过研究鸟类鸣声的日节律,有助于了解鸟类对生活史策略的响应。本研究于2016年和2017年鸟类繁殖季在北京小龙门森林公园(40°00′N,115°26′E)进行。2016年和2017年在大鹰鹃(Hierococcyx sparverioides)活动区利用录音机(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司,型号SM4)分别录制了3 d和43 d的录音。通过Kaleidoscope Pro 4.0.3软件(美国Wildlife Acoustics公司),量化录音并提取反应大鹰鹃鸣声特征的参数,进而自动识别出录音中大鹰鹃的鸣声。在优化识别条件后,对大鹰鹃鸣声识别的正确率可以达到60.26%,探测率可以达到44.71%。发现大鹰鹃有两个鸣叫的高峰,一个在3:00时,另一个在19:00时。与同域分布的其他鸟类相比,大鹰鹃鸣声的高峰时段持续的时间更长,且具有夜间鸣叫的特点。结合大鹰鹃的生活史,我们对其鸣声日节律进行了讨论。 相似文献
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褐稻虱求偶鸣声和交尾行为 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)成虫交尾前均发出由固体介质(寄主植株)传播的声信号,用于个体间联系.信号产生于伴随腹部振动的摩擦发声过程,具有种的专一性,能联络、识别同种异性个体,刺激性兴奋和为雄虫寻觅雌虫定向,对求偶和完成交尾具有重要意义.为害水稻的与为害李氏禾属杂草Leersia hexandra(Swartz)的生物型之间,鸣声声学特征存在明显差异,构成型间杂交的某些障碍;而为害水稻的四种生物型之间无显著差异. 相似文献
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结果表明:1. 回放稻褐飞虱雄虫第二种鸣声 (SMVS) 1~12 h可以显著降低雌雄虫的成功交配率,而回放SMVS 24 h则对此无明显影响;2. 回放SMVS对交配率的影响主要在于对试虫相遇前的求偶过程,表现为雌虫鸣叫率显著下降,对雄虫求偶声 (FMVS) 的反应延迟;雄虫对雌虫求偶声 (FVS) 的反应程度有所降低;雌雄虫的相遇前期显著延长;3. 回放SMVS不影响交配试虫的授精率和产卵量,但影响授精的质量, 表现在精包明显变小,卵的发育率下降。 相似文献
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鸟类鸣声地理变异的形成机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鸣声在鸟类的通讯和性选择中具有重要的意义.鸣声地理变异广泛存在于鸟类中,对其研究有助于了解近缘种的分类和演化历史.鸣声地理变异格局的形成是一个复杂的过程,可能是某一因素起主导、多因素协同作用的结果.主要影响因素有奠基者效应、鸣声漂变、遗传差异、性选择、生境等.年际间鸣声的稳定性和种群内鸣声的变异性,是鸣声地理变异研究中应该重视的问题,通过鸣声学习和扩散机制来研究鸣声地理变异,可能是将来本领域的研究热点. 相似文献
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Michael Pendleton 《Grana》2013,52(1):71-72
Techniques of pollen recovery involving centrifugation of honey pollen (melissopalynology) described in certain publications are difficult to 1) reproduce and 2) compare to other melissopalynological methods because dimensions of the centrifuge rotor were not described. Centrifugation data should be stated either in units of Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) or gravities (g), or the data should be stated so RCF can be calculated using revolutions per minute (RPM) and the dimensions of the centrifuge rotor. 相似文献
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XuLi GuangLi LeWang WalterJ.Freeman 《仿生工程学报(英文版)》2004,1(2):133-140
Simulating biological olfactory neural system, KIII network, which is a high-dimensional chaotic neural network, is designed in this paper. Different from conventional artificial neural network, the KⅢ network works in its chaotic trajectory. It can simulate not only the output EEG waveform observed in electrophysiological experiments, but also the biological intelligence for pattern classification. The simulation analysis and application to the recognition of handwriting numerals are presented here. The classification performance of the KⅢ network at different noise levels was also investigated. 相似文献
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To predict rice blast, many machine learning methods have been proposed. As the quality and quantity of input data are essential for machine learning techniques, this study develops three artificial neural network (ANN)-based rice blast prediction models by combining two ANN models, the feed-forward neural network (FFNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), with diverse input datasets, and compares their performance. The Blast_Weather_FFNN model had the highest recall score (66.3%) for rice blast prediction. This model requires two types of input data: blast occurrence data for the last 3 years and weather data (daily maximum temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) between January and July of the prediction year. This study showed that the performance of an ANN-based disease prediction model was improved by applying suitable machine learning techniques together with the optimization of hyperparameter tuning involving input data. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the systematic collection of long-term disease data. 相似文献
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杨树木段内光肩星天牛幼虫数量的声学检测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
光肩星天牛是重要的检疫性林木害虫,由于幼虫在树干内部取食,现有的方法很难检测到幼虫的为害情况。利用声音检测技术在室内对杨树木段中不同数量的光肩星天牛幼虫产生的声音信号进行检测,结果显示:不同数量光肩星天牛幼虫产生的声音信号在时域、频域方面均无显著差异,脉冲持续时间在3-6 ms范围内;信号的频率在7235.20-7924.20 Hz范围内,且主频为7725.00 Hz。但不同数量光肩星天牛幼虫产生的声音信号的脉冲个数之间存在显著的差异(P0.05),且脉冲个数与幼虫数量之间存在线性关系,即y=13.14x-3.55(R2=0.986),利用此数量关系可以在今后的检测中判断光肩星天牛幼虫的虫口数量和危害状况。 相似文献
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We have previously demonstrated that calculation of contact-dependent secondary structure propensity (CSSP) is highly sensitive in detecting non-native beta-strand propensities in the core sequences of known amyloidogenic proteins. Here we describe a CSSP method based on an artificial neural network that rapidly and accurately quantifies the influence of tertiary contacts (TCs) on secondary structure propensity in local regions of protein sequences. The present method exhibited 72% accuracy in predicting the alternate secondary structure adopted by chameleon sequences located in highly disparate TC regions. Analysis of 1930 nonhomologous protein domains reveals that the alpha-helix and the beta-strand largely share the same sequence context, and that tertiary context is a major determinant of the native conformation. Conversely, it appears that the propensity of random coils for either the alpha-helix or the beta-strand is largely invariant to tertiary effects. The present CSSP method successfully reproduced the amyloidogenic character observed in local regions of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). Furthermore, CSSP profiles were strongly correlated (r = 0.76) with the observed mutational effects on the aggregation rate of acylphosphatase. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence in support of the present CSSP approach as a sensitive probe useful for analysis of full-length proteins and for detection of core sequences that may trigger amyloid fibril formation. The combined speed and simplicity of the CSSP method lends itself to proteome-wide analysis of the amyloidogenic nature of common proteins. 相似文献
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褐稻虱生物型的监测和控制对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
广西等11个省、市、自治区的褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)生物型监测表明:我国目前除成都的褐稻虱属生物型1外,其他均以生物型2为优势种群。还发现云南思茅和广 西南宁的褐稻虱有部分个体可致害含抗性基因bph2的ASDT和IR36。并鉴定选出一些抗生物型2的品种可供目前推广使用。尚发现广西药用野稻绝大多数材料、普通野稻部分材料以及国际水稻抗褐稻虱圃中Ptb33及其衍生品种(系)具有广谱抗性。若用以培育具广谱抗性的新品种,则是控制褐稻虱新生物型产生和暴发为害的一个重要对策。 相似文献