谷氨酰胺转氨酶对喷雾干燥蛋清粉凝胶硬度的影响

谷氨酰胺转氨酶(transglutaminase,TGase)通过交联作用,能有效提高蛋白质的性质,进而提高食品的特性.蛋清粉的凝胶性质主要由蛋清中蛋白质(egg white protein,EWP)提供.因此,本研究通过在蛋清液中添加TGase,对蛋清液进行酶处理,经喷雾干燥得到蛋清粉.将所得蛋清粉与蒸馏水以一定比例复溶后测定其凝胶强度,经单因素实验和响应面实验设计对高凝胶强度蛋清粉工艺条件进行筛选,并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)初步分析TGase对蛋清粉凝胶强度影响的作用机理.研究结果表明:当酶作用pH值为7.05,酶作用温度为34.89℃,酶作用时间为85.73 min,TGase添加量为3.40 U/g蛋白质时.所得蛋清粉凝胶强度最大,为(800.365±5.237)g,比空白组提高了 53.95％.通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析可得出结论:一定的TGase处理可使部分EWP发生分子内和分子间的交联,形成相对分子量较大的蛋白质分子,使蛋白质的结构更加紧密,并增加蛋白质对水分子的吸附能力,因此使蛋清粉硬度显著增强.     

喷雾干燥制备高纯α-亚麻酸微胶囊研究

本文采用喷雾干燥法制备高纯α-亚麻酸为芯材、亚麻籽胶为壁材的微胶囊,并以微胶囊化效率和含油率为指标,考察了制备工艺.结果表明,最佳微胶囊原料配方为:芯材与壁材的比例为(m/m)3∶2,料液浓度为5％,进料温度为20℃;最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件:进风温度为180℃,出风温度为80℃,雾化器转速21000 rpm,进料速度为42.01 mL/min.在此工艺条件下亚麻酸的微胶囊化效率为96.18％,含油率为60.09％.     

香芋粉喷雾干燥工艺研究

我国香芋资源极为丰富,但开发程度远不及山药、甘薯、马铃薯等,所以对香芋加工工艺的研究对其潜在价值的开发具有重要意义。通过单因素试验考察了烫漂温度、烫漂时间、进风温度、进料速度及料液浓度对香芋粉喷雾干燥的影响。试验确定了香芋粉喷雾干燥的最佳工艺为:55℃烫漂10 min、进风温度为180℃、进料速度50 mL/min、料液浓度为0.1 g/mL。     

响应面法优选猕猴桃果粉的喷雾干燥工艺条件

用响应面法对猕猴桃果粉的喷雾干燥工艺进行优化。选取料液固形物含量、进风温度、进料速度为响应因子,采用Box-Behnken法设计试验,以感官指标为响应值,通过SAS统计软件进行方差分析和回归分析,得到的最优喷雾干燥工艺为：料液固形物含量30%、进料速度7.6r/min、进风温度140℃。     

喷雾干燥β-胡萝卜素微胶囊化工艺研究

β-胡萝卜素是所有类胡萝卜素中含量最多、生物活性最大和研究最多的一种。但它极不稳定,易氧化变质而失去生理活性。本文采用微胶囊技术,选用明胶与蔗糖作为复合壁材,对β-胡萝卜素进行喷雾干燥微胶囊化,探讨其主要工艺参数。通过单因素分析、正交实验等得出了最佳工艺条件为壁材中明胶与蔗糖的比例为3：17,喷雾干燥进风温度190℃,喷雾压力0．1MP,进料速度为5mL/min.     

不同来源溶菌酶的性质比较

比较两种从新鲜鸡蛋清中提取溶菌酶的方法。采用较为简单的并且产率较高的结晶法分别从鸡蛋清、鹌鹑蛋清中提取了溶菌酶 ,并分别测定了各溶菌酶的酶活力、最适pH值和最适温度。同时 ,证明了该法无法从鸭蛋清中提取出纯溶菌酶 ,故仅对粗提物进行了酶活力、最适 pH值和最适温度的测定     

桔梗方提取液喷雾干燥工艺优选

本文采用喷雾干燥法优化桔梗方提取液的喷雾干燥工艺条件。以喷干粉物料状态、出粉率和含水率为指标,通过单因素试验确定喷雾干燥影响因素;以喷干粉出粉率、桔梗总皂苷含量和含水率为指标,选取进料量、进风口温度、空气流量为考察因素,采用正交试验法优选桔梗方提取液的喷雾干燥工艺。结果表明,优选的喷雾干燥工艺为进料量25%,进风口温度180℃,空气流量700 H/L,提取液相对密度1.07(25℃)。该优选工艺合理、稳定,可为桔梗方的工业化生产提供实验依据。     

紫淮山全粉喷雾冷冻干燥工艺及其特性研究

制备高品质的紫淮山全粉,有利于拓宽紫淮山的消费途径和提升产品价值。本文考察了固液比、进料流量和冻结温度对紫淮山全粉水分含量、溶解度和花色苷含量的影响,通过四因素三水平正交试验,优化了紫淮山全粉喷雾冷冻干燥工艺,并对热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥、喷雾冷冻干燥这4种干燥方式制备的紫淮山全粉理化特性和抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,紫淮山冷冻喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件为进料流量25 mL/min、固液比1∶1、冻结温度-30℃,在此条件下得到的紫淮山全粉水分含量为3. 89%、溶解度为23. 12%、花色苷含量为13. 28 mg/100 g。干燥方式对紫淮山全粉的物理性质、营养成分、活性成分和抗氧化能力的影响显著。     

温度对扶桑绵粉蚧生长发育的影响

【目的】扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley是近年在我国新发现的一种重要外来入侵害虫,对我国棉花生产具有潜在的巨大威胁。本研究以棉花作为寄主,探索恒温及变温条件对扶桑绵粉蚧生长发育的影响。【方法】在光周期为12L∶12D,RH 70%±5％,在系列恒温及变温（温度波动范围为±1℃）条件下,用棉花饲养扶桑绵粉蚧,观察和分析了不同温度下各龄虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率和繁殖力及发育起点温度、有效积温、最适发育温度、极限高温等。【结果】在恒温17~32℃范围内,扶桑绵粉蚧各虫态的发育历期随温度升高而逐渐缩短,当温度达到27℃时发育速率值增幅最大,其中在恒温22~32℃范围内,该虫具有较高的生长发育速率和存活率,且繁殖能力较强,而在恒温37℃条件下,该虫不能完成整个生活史而死亡。在循环变温条件（25~40℃）下,该虫表现出更好的适应性：发育历期更短,速率更快,存活率更高,繁殖力也达到了恒温条件下的平均水平。雌雄虫的发育起点温度分别为9.0℃和8.1℃,而达到成虫时所需有效积温分别为322.6日度和344.8日度。通过拟合发育速率与温度之间的非线性回归关系求出雌雄虫最适发育温度分别为30.5℃和29.9℃,而极限高温分别为36.6℃和35.8℃。【结论】扶桑绵粉蚧适温范围广泛,特别是在变温条件下的适应性非常强。这些结果为预测扶桑绵粉蚧在我国主要棉区的分布提供了依据。     

酶解魔芋飞粉制备高F值寡肽最佳工艺条件的研究

目的:为了得到高F值寡肽,需要对蛋白质进行水解。方法:采用酶法水解魔芋飞粉制备高F值寡肽。通过对蛋白质水解度的测定,确定了碱性蛋白酶和链霉蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件:碱性蛋白酶加酶量0.1%,底物浓度3.75%,pH9.0,水解温度45℃,时间5h;链霉蛋白酶加酶量0.03%,pH8.0,水解温度50℃,时间7h。酶解液再经过凝胶层析分离纯化后可用于制备高F值寡肽。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism